Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 572: Herpesvirus Infection of Endothelial Cells as a Systemic Pathological Axis in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
orius
Understanding the pathophysiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is critical for advancing treatment options. This review explores the novel hypothesis that a herpesvirus infection of endothelial cells (ECs) may underlie ME/CFS symptomatology. We review evidence linking herpesviruses to persistent EC infection and the implications for endothelial dysfunction, encompassing blood flow regulation, coagulation, and cognitive impairment—symptoms consistent with ME/CFS and Long COVID. This paper provides a synthesis of current research on herpesvirus latency and reactivatio...
Source: Viruses - April 8, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Jean M. Nunes Douglas B. Kell Etheresia Pretorius Tags: Hypothesis Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 573: Quantitation of Enterovirus A71 Empty and Full Particles by Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation
In this study, we analyzed the application of sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (SV-AUC) in characterizing the EPs and FPs of EV71. Our results showed that the proportions of the two forms could be quantified simultaneously by SV-AUC. We also determined the repeatability and accuracy of this method and found that both parameters were satisfactory. We assessed SV-AUC for bulk vaccine quality control, and our findings indicated that SV-AUC can be used effectively to analyze the percentage of EPs and FPs and monitor the consistency of the process to ensure the quality of the vaccine. (Source: Viruses)
Source: Viruses - April 8, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Anna Yang Yun Luo Jie Yang Tingbo Xie Wenhui Wang Xin Wan Kaiwen Wang Deqin Pang Dongsheng Yang Hanyu Dai Jie Wu Shengli Meng Jing Guo Zejun Wang Shuo Shen Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 568: Abundant Intra-Subtype Reassortment Revealed in H13N8 Influenza Viruses
This study underscores the importance of the continued surveillance and research of less-studied influenza subtypes. (Source: Viruses)
Source: Viruses - April 7, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Sofia Feoktistova Marya Sayganova Kseniya Trutneva Olga Glazova Artem S. Blagodatski Liudmila Shevkova Anna Navoikova Yuriy Anisimov Eugene Albert Olga Mityaeva Pavel Volchkov Andrey Deviatkin Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 569: The Susceptibility of Chickens to Zika Virus: A Comprehensive Study on Age-Dependent Infection Dynamics and Host Responses
rao
Suresh V. Kuchipudi
Zika virus (ZIKV) remains a public health concern, with epidemics in endemic regions and sporadic outbreaks in new areas posing significant threats. Several mosquito-borne flaviviruses that can cause human illness, including West Nile, Usutu, and St. Louis encephalitis, have associations with birds. However, the susceptibility of chickens to ZIKV and their role in viral epidemiology is not currently known. We investigated the susceptibility of chickens to experimental ZIKV infection using chickens ranging from 1-day-old chicks to 6-week-old birds. ZIKV caused no clinical signs in chickens of a...
Source: Viruses - April 7, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Ruth H. Nissly Levina Lim Margo R. Keller Ian M. Bird Gitanjali Bhushan Sougat Misra Shubhada K. Chothe Miranda C. Sill Nagaram Vinod Kumar A. V. N. Sivakumar B. Rambabu Naik Bhushan M. Jayarao Suresh V. Kuchipudi Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 571: Characterization of an African Swine Fever Virus Field Isolate from Vietnam with Deletions in the Left Variable Multigene Family Region
This study showed that ASFV-GUS-Vietnam field isolate is able to induce complete protection in the majority of the pigs against highly virulent homologous ASFV challenge, but has the potential for horizontal transmission, and can be fatal in some animals. This study highlights the need for proper monitoring and surveillance when ASFV live-attenuated virus-based vaccines are used in the field for ASF control in endemic countries. (Source: Viruses)
Source: Viruses - April 7, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Aruna Ambagala Kalhari Goonewardene Ian El Kanoa Thi Tam Than Van Tam Nguyen Thi Ngoc Ha Lai Thi Lan Nguyen Cassidy N. G. Erdelyan Erin Robert Nikesh Tailor Chukwunonso Onyilagha Lindsey Lamboo Katherine Handel Michelle Nebroski Oksana Vernygora Oliver Lu Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 570: Improving Pharmacokinetics of Peptides Using Phage Display
gaard
Phage display is a versatile method often used in the discovery of peptides that targets disease-related biomarkers. A major advantage of this technology is the ease and cost efficiency of affinity selection, also known as biopanning, to identify novel peptides. While it is relatively straightforward to identify peptides with optimal binding affinity, the pharmacokinetics of the selected peptides often prove to be suboptimal. Therefore, careful consideration of the experimental conditions, including the choice of using in vitro, in situ, or in vivo affinity selections, is essential in generating peptides with hig...
Source: Viruses - April 7, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Mallika Asar Jessica Newton-Northup Mette Soendergaard Tags: Review Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 566: Structure-Based Optimization of One Neutralizing Antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Variants Bearing the L452R Mutation
iaoming Zhang
Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) play an important role against SARS-CoV-2 infections. Previously, we have reported one potent receptor binding domain (RBD)-binding nAb Ab08 against the SARS-CoV-2 prototype and a panel of variants, but Ab08 showed much less efficacy against the variants harboring the L452R mutation. To overcome the antibody escape caused by the L452R mutation, we generated several structure-based Ab08 derivatives. One derivative, Ab08-K99E, displayed the mostly enhanced neutralizing potency against the Delta pseudovirus bearing the L452R mutation compared to the Ab08 and other derivatives. ...
Source: Viruses - April 5, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Yamin Chen Jialu Zha Shiqi Xu Jiang Shao Xiaoshan Liu Dianfan Li Xiaoming Zhang Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 567: Oncolytic Adenovirus for the Targeting of Paclitaxel-Resistant Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Davydova
Adjuvant systemic therapies effectively reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence and metastasis, but therapy resistance can develop in some patients due to breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Oncolytic adenovirus (OAd) represents a promising therapeutic approach as it can specifically target cancer cells. However, its potential to target BCSCs remains unclear. Here, we evaluated a Cox-2 promoter-controlled, Ad5/3 fiber-modified OAd designed to encode the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) in breast cancer models. To confirm the potential of OAds to target BCSCs, we employed BCSC-enriched estrogen receptor...
Source: Viruses - April 5, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Robert Roman Ortiz LaRocca Ostrander Davydova Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 565: VP4 Mutation Boosts Replication of Recombinant Human/Simian Rotavirus in Cell Culture
enhagen
Rotavirus A (RVA) is the leading cause of diarrhea requiring hospitalization in children and causes over 100,000 annual deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa. In order to generate next-generation vaccines against African RVA genotypes, a reverse genetics system based on a simian rotavirus strain was utilized here to exchange the antigenic capsid proteins VP4, VP7 and VP6 with those of African human rotavirus field strains. One VP4/VP7/VP6 (genotypes G9-P[6]-I2) triple-reassortant was successfully rescued, but it replicated poorly in the first cell culture passages. However, the viral titer was enhanced upon further pass...
Source: Viruses - April 5, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Roman Valusenko-Mehrkens Katja Schilling-Loeffler Reimar Johne Alexander Falkenhagen Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 563: In Ovo Models to Predict Virulence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5-Viruses for Chickens and Ducks
Nancy Beerens
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5-viruses are circulating in wild birds and are repeatedly introduced to poultry causing outbreaks in the Netherlands since 2014. The largest epizootic ever recorded in Europe was caused by HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses in the period 2021–2022. The recent H5-clade 2.3.4.4 viruses were found to differ in their virulence for chickens and ducks. Viruses causing only mild disease may remain undetected, increasing the risk of virus spread to other farms, wild birds and mammals. We developed in ovo models to determine the virulence of HPAI viruses for ...
Source: Viruses - April 4, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Luca Bordes Jos é L. Gonzales Sandra Vreman Sandra Venema Nadia Portier Evelien A. Germeraad Wim H. M. van der Poel Nancy Beerens Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 564: Deciphering the Role of Epstein & ndash;Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 in Immune Modulation: A Multifaced Signalling Perspective
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 564: Deciphering the Role of Epstein–Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 in Immune Modulation: A Multifaced Signalling Perspective
Viruses doi: 10.3390/v16040564
Authors:
Petra Šimičić
Margarita Batović
Anita Stojanović Marković
Snjezana Židovec-Lepej
The disruption of antiviral sensors and the evasion of immune defences by various tactics are hallmarks of EBV infection. One of the EBV latent gene products, LMP1, was shown to induce the activation of signalling pathways, such as NF-κB, MAPK (JNK, ERK1/2, p38), JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt, via three subdomains ...
Source: Viruses - April 4, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Petra Šimičić Margarita Batovi ć Anita Stojanovi ć Marković Snjezana Židovec-Lepej Tags: Review Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 561: Zika Virus: A Neurotropic Warrior against High-Grade Gliomas —Unveiling Its Potential for Oncolytic Virotherapy
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 561: Zika Virus: A Neurotropic Warrior against High-Grade Gliomas—Unveiling Its Potential for Oncolytic Virotherapy
Viruses doi: 10.3390/v16040561
Authors:
María-Angélica Calderón-Peláez
Silvia Maradei Anaya
Ingrid Bedoya-Rodríguez
Karol González-Ipuz
Daniela Vera-Palacios
Isabella Buitrago
Jaime Castellanos
Myriam Velandia-Romero
Gliomas account for approximately 75–80% of all malignant primary tumors in the central nervous system (CNS), with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) considered the deadliest. Despite aggressive treatment involving a combination of chemotherapy, ...
Source: Viruses - April 3, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Mar ía-Angélica Calderón-Peláez Silvia Maradei Anaya Ingrid Bedoya-Rodr íguez Karol Gonz ález-Ipuz Daniela Vera-Palacios Isabella Buitrago Jaime Castellanos Myriam Velandia-Romero Tags: Review Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 558: Hepatitis E Seroprevalence and Detection of Genotype 3 Strains in Domestic Pigs from Sierra Leone Collected in 2016 and 2017
artin Eiden
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the main cause of acute hepatitis in humans worldwide and is responsible for a large number of outbreaks especially in Africa. Human infections are mainly caused by genotypes 1 and 2 of the genus Paslahepevirus, which are exclusively associated with humans. In contrast, viruses of genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic and have their main reservoir in domestic and wild pigs, from which they can be transmitted to humans primarily through the consumption of meat products. Both genotypes 3 and 4 are widespread in Europe, Asia, and North America and lead to sporadic cases of hepatitis E. Howe...
Source: Viruses - April 3, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Roland Suluku Juliet Jabaty Kerstin Fischer Sandra Diederich Martin H. Groschup Martin Eiden Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 559: Measles Virus-Based Vaccine Expressing Membrane-Anchored Spike of SARS-CoV-2 Inducing Efficacious Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity in Hamsters
ao-Qi Chen
Jia Lu
Shuo Shen
As SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve and COVID-19 cases rapidly increase among children and adults, there is an urgent need for a safe and effective vaccine that can elicit systemic and mucosal humoral immunity to limit the emergence of new variants. Using the Chinese Hu191 measles virus (MeV-hu191) vaccine strain as a backbone, we developed MeV chimeras stably expressing the prefusion forms of either membrane-anchored, full-length spike (rMeV-preFS), or its soluble secreted spike trimers with the help of the SP-D trimerization tag (rMeV-S+SPD) of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2. The two vaccine ca...
Source: Viruses - April 3, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Zhi-Hui Yang Yan-Li Song Jie Pei Song-Zhuang Li Rui-Lun Liu Yu Xiong Jie Wu Yuan-Lang Liu Hui-Fen Fan Jia-Hui Wu Ze-Jun Wang Jing Guo Sheng-Li Meng Xiao-Qi Chen Jia Lu Shuo Shen Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 560: Mixed Infections Unravel Novel HCV Inter-Genotypic Recombinant Forms within the Conserved IRES Region
This study delves into the intriguing realm of HCV genetic diversity, specifically exploring the phenomenon of mixed infections and the subsequent detection of recombinant forms within the conserved internal ribosome entry site (IRES) region. Previous studies have identified recombination as a rare event in HCV. However, our findings challenge this notion by providing the first evidence of 1a/3a (and vice versa) inter-genotypic recombination within the conserved IRES region. Utilizing advanced sequencing methods, such as deep sequencing and molecular cloning, our study reveals mixed infections involving genotypes 1a and 3a...
Source: Viruses - April 3, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Natalia Echeverr ía Fabiana G ámbaro St éphanie Beaucourt Mart ín Soñora Nelia Hern ández Juan Cristina Gonzalo Moratorio Pilar Moreno Tags: Article Source Type: research
