Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 518: Sudden Infant Death Associated with Rhinovirus Infection
Catherine Manoha
A less than one-month-old infant with symptoms of rhinitis died unexpectedly in his sleep. He was not born prematurely and had no known underlying disease. Cerebrospinal fluid, nasopharyngeal and lung samples, and rectal swab were found to be positive for subgroup A rhinovirus, while the blood was negative. This case highlights the important finding that the rhinovirus, a common pathogen associated with upper respiratory tract infections, can sometimes, as the only pathogen, lead to complications such as a cerebrospinal infection and be involved in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Vigilance is...
Source: Viruses - March 27, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Christelle Auvray St éphanie Perez-Martin Isabelle Schuffenecker C écile Pitoiset Georges Tarris Katia Ambert-Balay Laurent Martin Nathalie Dullier-Taillefumier Jean-Baptiste Bour Catherine Manoha Tags: Case Report Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 510: Development and Validation of a Genotypic Assay to Quantify CXCR4- and CCR5-Tropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (HIV-1) Populations and a Comparison to Trofile & reg;
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 510: Development and Validation of a Genotypic Assay to Quantify CXCR4- and CCR5-Tropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (HIV-1) Populations and a Comparison to Trofile®
Viruses doi: 10.3390/v16040510
Authors:
Daisy Ko
Sherry McLaughlin
Wenjie Deng
James I. Mullins
Joan Dragavon
Socorro Harb
Robert W. Coombs
Lisa M. Frenkel
HIV-1 typically infects cells via the CD4 receptor and CCR5 or CXCR4 co-receptors. Maraviroc is a CCR5-specific viral entry inhibitor; knowledge of viral co-receptor specificity is important prior to usage. We developed and validated an economical...
Source: Viruses - March 27, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Daisy Ko Sherry McLaughlin Wenjie Deng James I. Mullins Joan Dragavon Socorro Harb Robert W. Coombs Lisa M. Frenkel Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 511: Potential of Viruses as Environmental Etiological Factors for Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts
In this study, we analyzed the potential of viral infections in the species Homo sapiens as environmental causes of orofacial clefts (OFCs). A scoring system was adapted for qualitatively assessing the potential of viruses to cause cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). This assessment considered factors such as information from the literature, nucleotide and amino acid similarities, and the presence of Endogenous Viral Elements (EVEs). The analysis involved various algorithm packages within Basic Local Alignment Search Tool 2.13.0 software and databases from the National Center for Biotechnology Information and the International...
Source: Viruses - March 27, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Thiago S. Messias Kaique C. P. Silva Thiago C. Silva Simone Soares Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 512: Cell Culture Adaptive Amino Acid Substitutions in FMDV Structural Proteins: A Key Mechanism for Altered Receptor Tropism
sim Abbas
The foot-and-mouth disease virus is a highly contagious and economically devastating virus of cloven-hooved animals, including cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats, causing reduced animal productivity and posing international trade restrictions. For decades, chemically inactivated vaccines have been serving as the most effective strategy for the management of foot-and-mouth disease. Inactivated vaccines are commercially produced in cell culture systems, which require successful propagation and adaptation of field isolates, demanding a high cost and laborious time. Cell culture adaptation is chiefly indebted to a...
Source: Viruses - March 27, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Hassan Mushtaq Syed Salman Shah Yusra Zarlashat Mazhar Iqbal Wasim Abbas Tags: Review Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 513: Genome Analysis of Epsilon CrAss-like Phages
In this study, a novel CrAssE-Sib phage genome belonging to the epsilon crAss-like phage genomes was found. Comparative analysis indicated that epsilon crAss-like phages are divided into two putative genera, which were proposed to be named Epsilonunovirus and Epsilonduovirus; CrAssE-Sib belongs to the former. The crAssE-Sib genome contains a diversity-generating retroelement (DGR) cassette with all essential elements, including the reverse transcriptase (RT) and receptor binding protein (RBP) genes. However, this RT contains the GxxxSP motif in its fourth domain instead of the usual GxxxSQ motif found in all known phage an...
Source: Viruses - March 27, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Igor V. Babkin Artem Y. Tikunov Ivan K. Baykov Vera V. Morozova Nina V. Tikunova Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 508: Geographical Expansion of Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B: First Detection and Molecular Characterization of Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B in US Poultry
l Kumar Mor
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), classified within the Pneumoviridae family, wreaks havoc on poultry health. It typically causes upper respiratory tract and reproductive tract infections, mainly in turkeys, chickens, and ducks. Four subtypes of AMPV (A, B, C, D) and two unclassified subtypes have been identified, of which subtypes A and B are widely distributed across the world. In January 2024, an outbreak of severe respiratory disease occurred on turkey and chicken farms across different states in the US. Metagenomics sequencing of selected tissue and swab samples confirmed the presence of aMPV subtype B. Su...
Source: Viruses - March 26, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Muhammad Luqman Naveen Duhan Gun Temeeyasen Mohamed Selim Sumit Jangra Sunil Kumar Mor Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 509: Isolation and Characterization of a Lytic Bacteriophage RH-42-1 of Erwinia amylovora from Orchard Soil in China
In this study, we isolated a novel bacteriophage, RH-42-1, from Xinjiang, China. We characterized its biological properties, including host range, plaque morphology, infection dynamics, stability, and sensitivity to various chemicals. RH-42-1 infected several E. amylovora strains but not all. It produced clear, uniform plaques and exhibited optimal infectivity at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1, reaching a high titer of 9.6 × 109 plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL. The bacteriophage had a short latent period (10 min), a burst size of 207 PFU/cell, and followed a sigmoidal one-step growth curve. It was stabl...
Source: Viruses - March 26, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Haishen Xi Benzhong Fu Qiang Sheng Ming Luo Liying Sun Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 504: Sequences Related to Chimay Rhabdovirus Are Widely Distributed in Ixodes ricinus Ticks across England and Wales
holas Johnson
Ticks are the main arthropod vector of pathogens to humans and livestock in the British Isles. Despite their role as a vector of disease, many aspects of tick biology, ecology, and microbial association are poorly understood. To address this, we investigated the composition of the microbiome of adult and nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks. The ticks were collected on a dairy farm in Southwest England and RNA extracted for whole genome sequencing. Sequences were detected from a range of microorganisms, particularly tick-associated viruses, bacteria, and nematodes. A majority of the viruses were attributed to phl...
Source: Viruses - March 26, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Mirjam Schilling Megan Golding Ben P. Jones Karen L. Mansfield Sara Gandy Jolyon Medlock Nicholas Johnson Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 505: Overview of Modern Commercial Kits for Laboratory Diagnosis of African Swine Fever and Swine Influenza A Viruses
a Montoya
Rapid and early detection of infectious diseases in pigs is important, especially for the implementation of control measures in suspected cases of African swine fever (ASF), as an effective and safe vaccine is not yet available in most of the affected countries. Additionally, analysis for swine influenza is of significance due to its high morbidity rate (up to 100%) despite a lower mortality rate compared to ASF. The wide distribution of swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) across various countries, the emergence of constantly new recombinant strains, and the danger of human infection underscore the need for rapi...
Source: Viruses - March 26, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Larysa Muzykina Luc Ãa Barrado-Gil Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes Daniel Crespo-Piazuelo Jose Joaquin Cer ón Covadonga Alonso Mar Ãa Montoya Tags: Review Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 506: Scoping Review of Clinical Presentations and Outcomes in Patients with Concomitant COVID-19 Infection and Acute Mesenteric Ischaemia
Conclusions: Acute mesenteric ischaemia presents a clinical challenge to diagnose due to its non-specific symptoms. Concurrent COVID-19 infection with its predominant respiratory symptoms adds a further challenge in recognising the non-specific symptoms of mesenteric ischaemia. Our study draws attention to the increased thromboembolic risk posed by COVID-19 infection and the need for a high index of suspicion to aid prompt diagnosis and management of acute mesenteric ischaemia, even in the post-pandemic era. (Source: Viruses)
Source: Viruses - March 26, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Wenyi Cai Yi Zhao Sreelakshmi Mallappa Tags: Opinion Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 507: Disease Burden and Inpatient Management of Children with Acute Respiratory Viral Infections during the Pre-COVID Era in Germany: A Cost-of-Illness Study
rbara A. Rath
Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) are common reasons for healthcare consultations. The inpatient management of RVIs consumes significant resources. From 2009 to 2014, we assessed the costs of RVI management in 4776 hospitalized children aged 0–18 years participating in a quality improvement program, where all ILI patients underwent virologic testing at the National Reference Centre followed by detailed recording of their clinical course. The direct (medical or non-medical) and indirect costs of inpatient management outside the ICU (‘non-ICU’) versus management r...
Source: Viruses - March 26, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Maren Alchikh Tim O. F. Conrad Patrick E. Obermeier Xiaolin Ma Brunhilde Schweiger Onya Opota Barbara A. Rath Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 502: Schlafen14 Impairs HIV-1 Expression in a Codon Usage-Dependent Manner
Llano
Schlafen (SLFN) is a family of proteins upregulated by type I interferons with a regulatory role in translation. Intriguingly, SLFN14 associates with the ribosome and can degrade rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA in vitro, but a role in translation is still unknown. Ribosomes are important regulatory hubs during translation elongation of mRNAs rich in rare codons. Therefore, we evaluated the potential role of SLFN14 in the expression of mRNAs enriched in rare codons, using HIV-1 genes as a model. We found that, in a variety of cell types, including primary immune cells, SLFN14 regulates the expression of HIV-1 and non-viral g...
Source: Viruses - March 25, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Carlos Valenzuela Sergio Saucedo Manuel Llano Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 503: Trans-Amplifying RNA: A Journey from Alphavirus Research to Future Vaccines
sert
Replicating RNA, including self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) and trans-amplifying RNA (taRNA), holds great potential for advancing the next generation of RNA-based vaccines. Unlike in vitro transcribed mRNA found in most current RNA vaccines, saRNA or taRNA can be massively replicated within cells in the presence of RNA-amplifying enzymes known as replicases. We recently demonstrated that this property could enhance immune responses with minimal injected RNA amounts. In saRNA-based vaccines, replicase and antigens are encoded on the same mRNA molecule, resulting in very long RNA sequences, which poses significant challe...
Source: Viruses - March 25, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Y ıldız R ăileanu Beissert Tags: Review Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 499: The Expression Levels of TREX1 and IFN- & alpha; Are Associated with Immune Reconstitution in HIV-1-Infected Individuals
This study investigated the association between the levels of TREX1 gene expression with the polymorphisms TREX1 rs3135941 (T/C) and TREX1 rs3135945 (G/A), and the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve individuals and after 1 year of treatment. Blood samples from 119 individuals with HIV-1 were subjected to genotyping of polymorphisms and quantification of TREX1 gene expression and HIV-1 viral load by qPCR. The concentration of IFN-α and the number of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes were determined by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively; ANA was investigated by...
Source: Viruses - March 25, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz Allysson Quintino Ten ório de Oliveira Tuane Carolina Ferreira Moura Wandrey Roberto dos Santos Brito Emmanuelle Giuliana Mendes Santana Lorena Leticia Peixoto de Lima Felipe Teixeira Lopes Carlos David Ara újo Bichara Ednelz Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 500: Friends and Foes: The Ambivalent Role of Autophagy in HIV-1 Infection
rer
Autophagy has emerged as an integral part of the antiviral innate immune defenses, targeting viruses or their components for lysosomal degradation. Thus, successful viruses, like pandemic human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), evolved strategies to counteract or even exploit autophagy for efficient replication. Here, we provide an overview of the intricate interplay between autophagy and HIV-1. We discuss the impact of autophagy on HIV-1 replication and report in detail how HIV-1 manipulates autophagy in infected cells and beyond. We also highlight tissue and cell-type specifics in the interplay between autophagy ...
Source: Viruses - March 25, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Susanne Klute Konstantin M. J. Sparrer Tags: Review Source Type: research
