Dialysis-related peritonitis caused by Gordonia sputi in patient with chronic renal failure: case report and review of the literature
Gordonia species had been reported to be a rare cause of human infection. This may be because they are easily misidentified as Rhodococcus, Nocardia, Arthrobacter or other Actinomycetes by routine biochemical tests. Here, we report a case of dialysis-related peritonitis caused by Gordonia sputi in a patient with chronic renal failure. The organism was not identified originally using an automatic identification instrument (VITEK Compact). The strain was finally identified as G. sputi by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
The development of antimicrobial peptides as an approach to prevention of antibiotic resistance
In recent years, the widespread use of conventional antibiotics has led to many microbial pathogens becoming resistant to these antibiotics. Therefore, the development of novel and alternative therapeutic strategies for controlling and reducing the effects of these pathogens is urgently needed. Studies have shown that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and proteins are important members of the host defense system in eukaryotes. These peptides are potent agents with broad-spectrum activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this review, we discuss the diversity, the broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Antibiotic Resistance Source Type: research
Pneumocystis jiroveci: its history and emergence as a human pathogen
This article summarizes current knowledge on biology, pathophysiology and epidemiology of pulmonary P. jiroveci infection. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Infection Source Type: research
Strategies of DNA vaccines against toxoplasmosis
In humans, toxoplasmosis is widespread and can lead to serious disease, especially in pregnant women and also in immunodeficient individuals. The drugs for treatment of this disease have some toxic effects. Hence, the development to either new anti-Toxoplasma drugs or an effective vaccine would be valuable for human medicine. DNA vaccination is one of the most successful strategies for the development of a new generation of effective vaccines against intracellular parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii. This review explains the application of these strategies to improve DNA vaccine efficacy against toxoplasmosis. (Source: Rev...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Parasitology Source Type: research
Misidentification of Brucella and a review of the literature
Investigations of five misidentification cases of Brucella species using commercial identification techniques prompted a retrospective analysis of previously published misidentifications of Brucella infections in China and elsewhere. Brucella causes a notifiable communicable zoonotic disease. The misidentifications of Brucella as other genetically similar Gram-negative pathogens may result in inappropriate treatment of the patient as well as risk of laboratory-acquired infections. We summarize the microbiological identification methods, reasons and possible influence of misidentification of Brucella infection in humans. (S...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: research
Acinetobacter baumannii: pathogenecity, virulence factors and their correlation with adherence and invasion: Retraction
No abstract available (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Retraction Source Type: research
Colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a case report and literature review
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as one of the most troublesome pathogens in healthcare settings. Its clinical significance has been propelled by its remarkable ability in acquiring resistance to almost all available antibiotics. Colistin (COL), an old antibiotic, has become the last resort of treatment for multidrug-resistant A. baumannii. Unfortunately, COL heteroresistance and COL resistance have been reported all over the world in A. baumannii. Being the first report of COL-resistant A. baumannii from our institution, we have tried to explore the prolonged stay in the ICU of the patient and also briefly reviewed the...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Case Presentations Source Type: research
Multisystem infections caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an immunocompetent patient
We describe a case of multisystem community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in an immunocompetent patient, whose clinical manifestations were versatile. The patient showed a delayed response to vancomycin during the initial vancomycin regimen and was successfully treated after a 6-week course of linezolid combined with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Case Presentations Source Type: research
Identification of Sphingomonas paucimobolis from a case of soft tissue injury, based on the phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence
Soft tissue injuries can result in pain, swelling, bruising and loss of function. A large area of open soft tissue injury, opened the channel for the invasion of pathogen, so bloodstream infections as a result of soft tissue injury in the clinical diagnosis and treatment are common, and also show an upward trend. Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a Gram-negative bacillus that is emerging as an opportunistic pathogen. It is widely found in nature, especially in water and soil, and has been isolated from hospital environments such as distilled water, nebulizers, and multiple equipments used in medical care. There are few publishe...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Case Presentations Source Type: research
Leptospiral major outer membrane protein: LipL32
Leptospirosis is now considered a re-emerging infectious disease and may become a severe threat to both developing and developed countries. Technological developments in the last 10 years identified several potential candidate proteins to play significant roles in pathogenesis. Many of these candidate proteins proved to be vital in disease diagnosis and treatment. The 32-kDa lipoprotein (LipL32) is the major surface protein present on pathogenic strains of Leptospira. The involvement of LipL32 in pathogenesis of Leptospirosis has been studied extensively and different lines of evidence indicate that LipL32 is a lipid-modif...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Pathogenicity Source Type: research
Toxicity of cyanobacterial secondary metabolites: treating for water supplies
Quite a wide range of substances influencing the environment including water supplies are produced by cyanobacteria. The harmful products are called cyanotoxins and they can have impact on the both food and drinking water. The products of cyanobacteria mentioned in this article are, for example, oligosaccharides, organic acids, enzymes, antibiotics, various odors and toxins (cyanotoxins). Owing to long-term stability of the toxins, the high incidence of cyanobacteria in the environment and high toxicity of the toxins, the cyanobacteria represent an emerging problem. The present article critically summarizes the basic facts...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Microbial Products Source Type: research
A review on microbiological cause of periodontal disease: disease and treatment
The human oral cavity presents as an exceptional microbiological environment from other surfaces of the body. This environment allows for the extended colonization and development of microbial communities. It is essential to gain a complete understanding of all the microbes within the oral flora to better define the role of plaque as the primary cause of periodontitis. This review will provide an insight into effective methods to evaluate the cause and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. The following information provides a summary of the primary research techniques that have been employed in the effort to describe the n...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: research
Principles and applications of typing methods for commensal Neisseria
This review describes the design as well as advantages and disadvantages for current phenotypic (antibiogram and serotyping) and molecular techniques (plasmid analysis, arbitrarily primed PCR, 16S rRNA, pulse-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing) for typing of commensal Neisseria spp. compared with pathogenic Neisseria species. Identical methods for typing Neisseria species should not be used in all situations, that is, for microepidemiological, macroepidemiological or evolutionary questions. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: research
The role of filamentous CTXphi bacteriophage in Vibrio cholerae genetics and diversity
Cholera toxin is the most important virulence factor of epidemic Vibrio cholerae strains. It is encoded by ctxAB operon that is a part of the genome of a filamentous bacteriophage (CTXphi). This bacteriophage plays an important role in the evolution and pathogenesis of V. cholerae and genetic variations that occur within the genome of this bacteriophage affect V. cholerae toxicity and potential to cause epidemics and can be used as a powerful tool in epidemiological investigations. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: research
A rapidly progressing pulmonary mucormycosis coinfected with Acinetobacter baumannii: a case report
Conclusion: We present a diabetic case who was admitted with DKA and pulmonary mucormycosis and then coinfected with multidrug-resistant A. baumannii during his stay in hospital that aggravated the illness and caused his death. It highlights the importance of early diagnosis and timely treatment of mucormycosis to save the patient who is often immunocompromised or diabetic. It also lays emphasis on the control of nosocomial infection, which is usually caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms and may ultimately be life-threatening. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - January 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Case Presentations Source Type: research
