Staphylococcus aureus biofilms: an opportunistic pathogen with multidrug resistance
Studies related to bacterial biofilm formation are extremely relevant because of their constant association with several human diseases. The organization of this sessile microbial community provides protection against opsonization and phagocytosis. It is responsible for hampering not only the immune system performance against infections but also antimicrobial activity. Staphylococcus aureus is part of healthy human microbiota including skin and nasal vestibule. However, many strains have become opportunistic pathogens because of the ability of biofilm formation in implants and medical devices by using them as route of acce...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - January 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Antimicrobial categories in describing multidrug resistance, extensive drug resistance and pan-drug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii: a systematic review
Conclusion:
The current study lists the antibiotics which may be useful in clearly describing the extent of antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosaand A. baumannii for each term. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - January 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Eucalyptus camaldulensis efficiency for application against microbial infections
On account of the continuing increase in antimicrobial resistance among infectious agents which are mostly life-threatening, seeking novel and alternative therapeutic approaches seems essential. Eucalyptus camaldulensis, generally known as eucalyptus, contains various healing traits such as antimicrobial characteristics. These herbs generally grow alongside the rivers with both continuous and seasonal water. The antimicrobial applications of this herb, particularly against pandrug and multidrug resistant microorganisms mostly attributed to phenolic, polar terpene compounds and spathulenol. Major bioactive antimicrobial fra...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - January 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
What is the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that paralyze the world?
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has recently spread worldwide was declared a pandemic on March 11. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 disease are fever, fatigue, and dry cough. Some patients may experience pain and aches, nasal congestion, cold, sore throat or diarrhea. These symptoms are usually mild and begin gradually. Currently, the source of the virus is still unknown. However, all available evidence indicates that the origin of this virus is a natural animal and that it is not a manufactured virus. The virus spreads faster than ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
An overview on wearing the face mask to avoid transmission of coronavirus disease 2019
In December 2019, a report of a novel coronaviruses which called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from Wuhan, China shocked the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 affects both humans and animals. Here, we attempted to have an overview of different perspectives of the need to use a face mask against coronavirus disease 2019. The primary objective of this article is to reinforce awareness of common hazards in which voluntary and precautionary use of face mask respirators may be advantageous to healthy people and the safety of the healthcare workers. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
Type II toxin/antitoxin system genes expression in persister cells of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Conclusion:
Considering the importance of persistence and the tolerance to antibiotics, further studies on persister cell formation and related genes such as the toxin/antitoxin system genes might help us to identify the precise mechanisms leading to persister cell formation. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Investigation of oxacillinases type beta-lactamases in carbapenems resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates
This study aimed to identify the carbapenem resistant A. baumannii isolates in ICU and analyse OXA-23, OXA-24, OXA-51 and OXA-58 genes’ expressions by using reverse transcritptase-PCR. In this study, A. baumannii isolates collected from the respiratory tract samples obtained from the patients receiving treatment between June 2017 and January 2018 at the ICU in Amasya University Sabuncuoğlu Serefeddin Education and Research Hospital. Collected samples identified by VITEK-2 device. Resistance profiles of carbapenem-resistant strains against to cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, amikacin, gentamicin, tetra...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Effect of ethanolic extract of Zataria multiflora Boiss (Shiraz thyme extract) on the kidney and spleen tissues of mice infected with visceral candidiasis and the stimulation of Th1, Th17, and Treg immune cells
Conclusion:
The Z. multiflora Boiss fraction can be considered as a powerful alternative to other drug treatments for achieving proper outcomes. Therefore, the use of this compound as a therapeutic agent in visceral candidiasis is possibly a new turning point in treatment, which can postpone the progress of the disease among patients. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori virulence genes among Iranian infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Discussion:
The frequency of virulence factor genes among H. pylori strains isolated in Iranian patients to be more frequently associated with the gastrointestinal disease compared with the other countries and these data can be considered in development of eradication strategies. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
A systematic review of 40 years of distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae in Iran with future perspective
To assess the prevalence of incidence rate and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Vibrio cholerae in provinces of Iran, a systematic review was conducted during 1979–2019. This survey was performed using the following keywords ‘Vibrio cholerae’ and ‘Iran’ in the international databases including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar from January 1979 to December 2019. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 18.0 (IBM, New York, USA). In addition, P less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. According to our results, the highest rate of incidence of c...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
The host metabolism following bacterial biofilm: what is the mechanism of action?
The interplay of biofilm with host leads to a range of physiological reactions of the interacting members aimed at an adaptation to the novel position. These reactions include metabolic shifts in the influenced host cell, which is most apparent when the biofilm-forming bacteria replicates surround host cells. Whilst the bacteria try to deprive micronutrients of the host, the host cell, in turn, takes many metabolic countermeasures toward the micronutrient steal. During these conflicting interplays, the bacteria stimulate metabolic host cell reactions by means of common cell envelope ingredients and particular factors media...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Survey of human alveolar and cystic echinococcosis rates based on ELISA and portable ultrasound in Moghan, northwestern Iran
Conclusion:
Due to the high prevalence of echinococcosis in these areas, it is necessary to control, prevent, and combat these diseases. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - June 27, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: PARASITOLOGY Source Type: research
Observing and treating the tubercular tenosynovitis of ankle tendons: a case report and reviewing the related literature
Even in countries where tuberculosis (TB) is not uncommon, tenosynovitis rarely occurs. Ankle tendons involvement is much less common than wrist. In this case report, we present a case of ankle tenosynovitis. After diagnostic–therapeutic tenosynovectomy anti-TB treatment was started. No sign of disease relapse was observed after 9 months follow-up. MRI has an important role in diagnosing the cases of tenosynovitis. Magnetic resonance scan shows tendon thickening increases in synovial fluid in tendon sheath. Histopathologic findings of granulomatous inflammation as well as TB culture confirm the diagnosis. Although TB is ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - June 27, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
The association of acetylacetate (Acr AB-Tol C) and QepA genes with multiple antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli clinical isolates
The objective of this study was assessment the association of AcrAB-TolC efflux pumps and qepA genes with resistance to common antibiotics among E. coli isolates. A total of 200 E. coli isolates were obtained from diverse samples of inpatients. Minimum inhibitory concentrations and Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion tests were determined for ceftazidime, cefotaxime, imipenem, gentamicin, and tetracycline. The Acr-AB-TolC and qepA genes were amplified using PCR technique and their association with antibiotics was also evaluated using Chi-square test. A majority of isolates (64%) were retrieved from gastrointestinal samples, follo...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - June 27, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Existence of Helicobacter pylori with low virulence rate in dental plaque and gastric mucosa of patients with periodontal disease
Objective:
Helicobacter pylori is associated with gastric and peptic ulcer leading to gastric cancer progress. Gingival teeth grooves among patients with chronic periodontitis can act as reservoirs for H. pylori proliferation. The purpose of our study was assessment the association of H. pylori from dental plaques of patients with periodontitis with gastric colonization.
Methods:
Among patients with periodontitis admitted to dentistry centers, 250 dental plaque and 250 gastric biopsy samples were obtained during 2016–2019. After bacterial identification, virulence genes including cagA, cagT, cagE, vacA and hrgA were...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - June 27, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
