Antibacterial effects of local analgesics and anesthetics
Conclusion:
Sufentanil Citrate, midazolam, and pethidine exerted efficient inhibitory effect on Staph. aureus, Strep. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis. Lidocaine and bupivacaine had a strong inhibitory effect on growth of nine standard bacterial species in our survey. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
National surveillance of food-borne botulism in Iran during 2011–2015
Food-borne botulism, a potentially lethal neuroparalytic disease, is also a health challenge with a variable prevalence rate in Iran. This work presents the results of a 5-year surveillance of botulism in Iran, with the distribution of the cases by regions and by vehicle of transmission. This descriptive-retrospective study was done on food-borne botulism poisoning cases reported to the Iran's Ministry of Health during 2011–2015. Data was collected by interview, examination and questionnaires. All the relevant and confirmed botulism outbreaks that occurred in the period under consideration are described. During these 5 y...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Molecular study of some virulence genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different infections in hospitals of Baghdad
In this study, two types of methods were used in the detection of biofilm formation: the first one was Congo red agar method and the second one was microtiter plate method. In the first method, results showed that biofilm formed by 57/100 (57%) according to black color production on media, whereas in the second method was 69/100 (69%) produce strong adherence according to OD in ELISA reader. Genotypic detection of many virulence factors related to P. aeruginosa was performed using conventional PCR. These included: gene coded for exoenzyme S (exoS), exoenzyme U (exoU), exotoxin A (toxA), two phospholipases C encoded by (plc...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Filament genes and biofilm formation in Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus agalactiae is the prominent cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in neonates and is also the contributing agent of a number of serious infections in immunocompromised adults. S. agalactiae run into multiple niches through an infection, suggesting that regulatory mechanisms control the expression of specific virulence factors in this bacterium. Like other Gram-positive bacteria, Group B streptococcus (GBS) can create three-dimensional structures, such as biofilms that can increase their ability to colonize and maintain in the host. Biofilm formation has been investigated by GBS under laboratory conditions ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Systematic review of antibacterial activity of eravacycline: a novel fluorocycline against clinically obtained Gram-negative bacteria
This study aimed to analyze the in-vitro activity of eravacycline against Gram-negative bacteria in published literature, to contribute to the international data on the antimicrobial stewardship programs. A systematic literature review was performed through the electronic databases from January of 2000 to December 2017 to cover all published articles relevant to our scope. Finally, nine studies met our inclusion criteria that were subjected to data extraction and review. The highest activity of eravacycline was against Escherichia coli isolates since in all reports eravacycline at a concentration of 0.5 μg/ml or less in...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Contemporary systematic review and meta-analysis of exfoliative toxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients in Iran
In conclusion, the prevalence of S. aureus strains harboring exfoliative toxin genes varies throughout Iran and that these strains, especially those carrying eta, might be more prevalent in some Iranian provinces, such as Mazandaran and Zanjan. Further researches are encouraged to understand the transmission, burden, and risk factors associated with infections caused by exfoliative toxin-producing S. aureus. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
New Books related to Medical Microbiology
No abstract available (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - September 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BOOK REVIEW Source Type: research
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and mortality of metallo-beta-lactamases in Iranian patients infected with metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Background and adjective:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with morality and healthcare associated infections. P. aeruginosa producing metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) genes causing more problems especially in patients with underlying immunosuppressive background. The aim of this study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of MBLs in P. aeruginosa in Iranian patients.
Search method:
All available national and international databanks (PubMed, Science Direct and pages web address) were searched to find published studies from 2006 to March 2018. Quality of studies was assessed by STROBE. Because of t...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - September 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Photodynamic therapy of infection in burn patients
Burns are one of the very ordinary and destructive forms of trauma. Patients with significant thermal injury require urgent specialized care for minimize morbidity and mortality. Significant thermal injuries induce a state of immunosuppression that predisposes burn patients to infectious complications. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was discovered over 100 years ago by observing the killing of microorganisms when harmless dyes and visible light were combined in vitro. Since then it has primarily been developed as a treatment for cancer, ophthalmologic disorders and in dermatology. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - September 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
The immunomodulatory and antiallergic effects of human colonized probiotics
The rate of allergy is increasing particularly among infants due to several factors reaching up to 30%. Several materials components have been implicated in the development and excessive activation of the immune system, acting as irritants and allergic agents. In several studies, in Mediterranean inhabitants with a specific diet, the prevalence of allergies in children was low, whereas dietary supplements in the Western and Mediterranean countries had a different role in the regulation of immune responses and in the reduction of allergic reactions. Probiotics have been associated with reduction of allergic reactions mostly...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - September 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Genotyping and diversity of virulence genes among Shigella sonnei isolated from children with diarrhoea
In this study, 3540 stool specimens were obtained from children with diarrhoea in Tehran, Iran, from September 2016 through January 2018. PCR assays were performed to evaluate the presence of virulence genes among S. sonnei strains. The genetic relatedness of these strains was also assessed by multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA). A total of 50 S. sonnei strains were obtained, all of which harboured ipaH, sigA, and virA, whereas ial, invE, and sen were positive in 70% (n = 35), 62% (n = 31), and 54% (n = 27) of the strains, respectively. None of the S. sonnei strains carried set1A...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - September 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Investigating the presence of qacA/B and mecA genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from metro stations in Tehran city of Iran
Conclusion:
In this study, there was a close relationship between resistance to methicillin and resistance to QACs in S. aureus isolated from metro stations. It has also been shown that these isolates carry antibiotic resistance genes and are resistant to most common antibiotics used to eradicate these bacteria, such as third-generation cephalosporins, methicillin, and oxacillin, which are considered as serious warning to society. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - September 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Influenza A virus and related secondary bacterial infections
Influenza infection is considered to be a serious respiratory disease in human. Annually, epidemics or even pandemics give rise to the frequent antigenetic variations of virus surface receptors, throughout the world. Bacterial infections followed by influenza are the biggest medical concerns associated with elevated mortality rates. These high morbidity and mortality rates, have become a priority in terms of health. Likewise, economic aspects of the issue have special importance also.
In the present study, several articles have been investigated with regards to main key words including influenza A, secondary bacterial inf...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - September 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
Swine flu a seasonal pandemic, symptoms, diagnostics and prevention
H1N1 often is cause of annual epidemics in world particularly during winters and is a seasonal pandemic that has been a cause of many deaths. The display of various strains of H1N1 always creates confrontation to public health and the scientific communities. The key behind the repeated epidemics is the transformation of the viruses to escape the immunity that is induced by former infection or vaccination. The pandemic was declared, by the WHO, as officially over in August 2010. The H1N1 virus has become a regular flu virus which occurs seasonally, and causes outbreaks in many areas of the world. This mini review discusses ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - September 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
Development of a combined CMV-UL97 C592F and CMV-UL54 T503I resistance mutation during ganciclovir treatment in a kidney transplant recipient
In CMV high-risk kidney transplant recipients (KTR), recommended antiviral human cytomegalovirus (CMV) treatment can lead to nephrotoxicity and antiviral resistance. In this case report, we report the development of a combined CMV-UL97 C592F and CMV UL54 T503I resistance mutation in a high-risk KTR most probably linked to the previous treatment with valganciclovir (valGCV) and ganciclovir (GCV). Routine CMV screening, in addition with testing of CMV immunity and applied stewardship programs for ganciclovir might have been helpful in preventing the development of these mutations in this patient. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - September 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
