The reemergence of glanders as a zoonotic and occupational infection in Iran and neighboring countries
Glanders is a zoonotic infection, and because of recent outbreaks among Equidae family, the possibility of its reemergence among human populations is a crisis. The causative agent is Burkholderia mallei, a Gram-negative, aerobic and highly contagious bacterium causing severe impacts with low infectious dose transmitted via direct contact to respiratory secretions, skin exudates of animals and fomite. Despite high mortality rate, no proper vaccination has been developed to hinder the infection spread. The disease is more prevalent in Australia and Southeast Asia, but has been eradicated in developed countries. Glanders’ c...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Nanobody and aptamer as targeting moiety against bacterial toxins: therapeutic and diagnostic applications
Infectious diseases are common life-threatening problems mediated by pathogen micro-organisms that cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, there is an increasing rate of the bacterial infections and emergence of the new antibiotic resistance in human societies. On the other hand, early detection of the bacterial infection present in biological samples suffers from extended time, high cost, and laborious methods. Therefore, there is a permanent need for robust diagnostic and therapeutic tools against bacterial agents. Recently, specific targeting bio-molecules, such as aptamer and nanobody have been appeared as ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
The grape seed extract: a natural antimicrobial agent against different pathogens
This study is an updated overview of the antimicrobial effect of GSE against different pathogens. The available reports from various studies retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases regarding the antimicrobial effect of GSE was evaluated. The GSE is rich sources of phenolic compounds. GSE can inhibit the growth of a broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria depended on its concentrations, phenolic content, and tested bacterial species. The GSE is more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. It has also been shown to have inhibitory effects against several cl...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Immunostimulatory and antibacterial activity of Leuconostoc mesenteroides and its purified exopolysaccharide against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Burkholderia cepacia
This study was aimed to extract, purified, and characterize the EPS from Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. Cremoris and to evaluate the immunostimulatory and antibacterial activities of EPS against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Burkholderia cepacia strains. Nine EPSs producing L. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris strains were isolated from local dairy products and the isolated bacteria were identified by using API 50. Eight B. cepacia strains were isolated from different specimens in the hospitals of Medical city, Baghdad. Furthermore, genotypic and phenotypic detection of antibiotic resistance were determin...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Differentiation of Brucella species by repetitive element palindromic PCR
Brucellosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases among animals and humans. It is a well known fact that the differentiation and rapid typing of Brucella spp. is crucial for the early detection of infection, prevention of infection progress, and/or introducing treatment solutions. Analyzing the sequences could be an effective method in achieving these purposes. The aim of this study was to analyze palindromic sequences for Brucella spp., differentiation using the rep-PCR method. The authors collected 80 animal samples, which were suspected to brucellosis infection. After the cultivation of Brucella, identification...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Comparative study of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in vaginal tract of individual with bacterial vaginosis and healthy control by quantitative PCR
Conclusion:
The current study promotes our understanding about the vaginal Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. among patients and healthy individuals in Iran. Confirming the link between the frequency of lactobacilli and bacterial vaginosis could help us develop new prebiotics and probiotics for this disorder. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Resistance-related determinants in clinically relevant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from teaching therapeutic centers, Tehran, Iran
Conclusion:
The frequency of methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates in our hospitals was high and disk diffusion testing using FOX or oxacillin and/or FOX minimal inhibitory concentration E test as an alternative to PCR for identification of methicillin-resistant S. aureus is suggested. This study highlights the hypothesis that rapid testing plays an important role in antibiotic stewardship by getting patients on targeted therapy faster. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Expression of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes among Escherichia coli clinical isolates from blood and stool samples
Conclusion:
The results exhibited that the expression of virulence genes among clinical isolates of E. coli is not the same or similar in various conditions or from various clinical origins. Thus determining the profile of gene expression in each of clinical situations can be helpful in tracking the infectious pathogens. ESBL-producing strains possibly have regulatory factors for inducing higher virulence gene expression. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Cranial aspergillosis in immunocompetent patient: a case report
In this report, a 44-year-old man with no history of recent surgery or immunodeficiency had an episode of falling. A cranial mass close to the cerebrum revealed to be as aspergillosis abscess throughout the operation. This case is showing the significance of assuming a cranial mass as aspergilloma in the differential diagnosis. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: MYCOLOGY Source Type: research
Gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric platform technology as rapid and efficient bacterial pathogens detection method from various sources
Rapid, sensitive, and reliable bacterial pathogens detection is a chief requirement. The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have numerous applications such as in the detection of biomolecules for their high surface to volume ratio and unique optical property facilitating development of highly efficient AuNPs-based bio-sensing tools. Although various molecular detection methods, such as PCR, real-time PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification are sensitive and convenient, these techniques need elaborate work and require special skills to increase their specificity. Smartly fabricated gold nanoparticle (GNPs) play a role as pr...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: METHODS Source Type: research
Polymorphism of IL-12 gene (rs568408G/A) and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the central area of Iran
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related chronicity infection, which is determined by inflammation, is the main etiological factor for this disease. Cytokines are a group of endogenous proteins which have a key role in regulating the inflammatory responses and defeating infectious diseases. IL-12 plays a main role in the clearance of infections especially by viruses such as HBV. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and genetic history have an important role about the level and function of cytokines. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of IL-12A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs568408 G/A) with chronic HBV ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
Inhibitory effects of curcumin on sequel of infections and their signaling pathways: a review
This study reviewed the inhibitory effects of curcumin on infections. Based on these studies, the plant drug of curcumin is a therapeutic effective agent for the advancement of treatment against the types of pathogens including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Nevertheless, it seems that be essential for more researches, especially about parasites and fungi that have been performed fewer studies about the effect of curcumin on them. Curcumin exerts its effects on sequel of infections and their agents via influence on signaling pathways, cell cycle, drug synergism, inducing apoptosis and inhibition of virulence fact...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: ANTIBIOTICS Source Type: research
First occurrence of pediatric urinary tract infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a teaching hospital in Tunisia
We report here two cases of urinary tract infections occurred in pediatrics patients with vesicoureteral reflux and renal stones. It becomes essential to consider pneumococcal UTI in the presence of clinical signs and symptoms associated co-existing predisposing factors. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates in Tehran, Iran
Conclusion:
Our study demonstrated presence of high molecular diversity among S. epidermidis isolates. In addition, the main conclusion was that some MLVA types can be disseminated over the wards and between the hospitals. In other hand, resistance to various antibiotics in S. epidermidis isolates and prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis and multidrug resistant S. epidermidis isolates to be increasing. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Multiple carbapenemase gene production by Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from burn patients in Iran
Conclusion:
A high level of class D and class B carbapenemases among A. baumannii strains in the burn settings is a crisis in the eradication of infections caused by MDR, XDR and PDR strains. Therefore, the uncontrolled consumption of last-line antibiotics should be restricted and infection control strategies must be implemented accurately. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
