Acne vulgaris and antimicrobial resistance: a review
Conclusion:
The results suggests that Propionibacterium acnes is the main causative agent for pustular acne vulgaris and metronidazole was expectedly sensitive to P. acnes, whereas erythromycin and Clindamycin is emerging resistance. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - June 27, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Overview of multistage subunit tuberculosis vaccines: advantages and challenges
To date, tuberculosis (TB) infection, is the most threatening infectious disease in all humans around the world. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a facultative intracellular bacterium, possesses an exclusive life-cycle inside the macrophages, as one of the most important cells in the innate immune system. As soon as entrance in the lungs, bacteria actively replicate, but intracellular conditions such as hypoxia and nutrient starvation, lead to low replication of bacteria, or nonreplicating state. While Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine is the most usable vaccine, especially in children and against active form, but this vaccine...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - June 27, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Early biochemical predictors of sepsis in patients with burn injury: current status and future perspectives
Sepsis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with burn injury and emerges as a clinical challenge for both emergency specialists and critical care staff. Since early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are known to be the milestones of sepsis management, use of biomarkers in diagnosis is highly recommended in the initial stage of sepsis. Although currently used Procalcitonin, as a traditional marker, may accurately indicate the presence of a systemic inflammation in burn patients, there is a need for more accurate markers of sepsis in burn patients. For now, use of a combination of markers may be sugg...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - June 27, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
New vaccine candidates as a scientific solution against the dream of tuberculosis vaccine
Tuberculosis (TB) is accounted for as one of the most important destructive infectious diseases for humans, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Studies have shown the severe effects of tuberculosis in patients, especially sensitive groups. Emergence and distribution of both multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains have caused failure in the infection eradication. At present, BCG vaccine is the only most effective vaccine for the prevention of TB in childhood but its protection level in pulmonary TB in adult is very variable. Therefore, the need for an appropriate alternative vaccine...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - June 27, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Helicobacter pylori virulence factors expression affect epigenetic factors leading to gastrointestinal carcinoma
Disruption in the epigenetic mechanisms is one of the causes of cancer; particularly in the gut. It has been elucidated that multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations during this process caused by chronic inflammation play a crucial role in the cancer progress. DNA methylation impairment as a leading change is caused during the proliferation of Helicobacter pylori. It has been unraveled that numerous tumor suppressor genes are regulated by related promoter methylation, justifying environmental factors inducing gastric carcinoma. H. pylori infection affects various cells through inflammation, changes in apoptosis, prolife...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - June 27, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Decreased vancomycin susceptibility among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates and postulated platforms to explore rational drugs
Vancomycin is among last-resort drugs for the elimination of serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Suboptimal or prolonged exposure to vancomycin is a major cause of decreased vancomycin susceptibility being a great concern toward the eradication of related infections. This arises from genetic and metabolic alterations leading to cell wall thickness and mitigation of autolysis. Therefore, the study on the major mechanisms contributing to the development of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) and VISA strains and development of novel and efficient therapeutic approaches i...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - June 27, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Evaluation of the synergistic effect of cinnamon extract and honey against multidrug-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovered from burn unit
Conclusion:
This study showed a proper synergistic effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of cinnamon and honey in combination with Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin against MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 30, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Occurrence of FOX AmpC gene among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in abattoir samples from south-eastern Nigeria
This study aimed to evaluate the presence of FOX AmpC-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from abattoir samples by both phenotypic method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this study, 360 abattoir samples were analyzed for the isolation of P. aeruginosa strains. Antibiogram was carried out using the disk diffusion technique. The production of AmpC enzymes was phenotypically screened and confirmed using the cefoxitin--cloxacillin double-disk synergy test (CC-DDST). Finally, gene responsible for FOX AmpC enzyme production was investigated using PCR. A total of 147 (40.8%) isolates of P. aeruginosa was recovered f...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 30, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Tandem repeat analysis for typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying resistance genes in southern Iran
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to be one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections, with high antimicrobial resistance. Thus, the current study was conducted to evaluate usefulness of multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) plan for epidemiological studies and clustering of P. aeruginosa isolated in different wards of general hospital in Bandar Abbas, south of Iran, as well as assessment of presence of integrons and resistance genes in these strains.
A total of 72 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were isolated from the patients hospitalized in the hospital from December 2017 t...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 30, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Prevalence of fosfomycin resistance genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical urinary extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates
The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 284 Enterobacteriaceae isolates responsible for urinary tract infections to ampicillin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprin-sulfamethaxole, and fosfomycin was performed by disk diffusion method. Additionally, in fosfomycin-resistant and intermediate susceptible isolates using disk diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fosfomycin was determined by agar dilution. The presence of fosA and fosA3 genes and ESBL genes was investigated in fosfomycin-resistant isolates and ESBL-producing isolates, respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae [72.34% ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 30, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Photocatalytic inactivation of microorganisms in water under ultraviolet C irradiation and TiO2
This study aimed to use nanoparticles and UVC radiation, which were considered in some previous laboratory studies. The contaminated water was entered into a photocatalytic reactor, and microbial removal efficiency of TiO2 alone and in the presence of UV was evaluated under different retention times (0–90 min) and concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1 and 2 mg/ml). Efficiency of the reactor increased with increase in the retention time in the presence of UV. Simultaneous treatment of the contaminated water with both UV and TiO2 nanoparticles had a similar outcome. However, only a slight reductio...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 30, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Occupational leptospirosis as an underreported disease in high-risk groups: implications for prevention and control measures
Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease with no particular or verified symptoms, which has been underreported as an occupational infection. Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae and L. interrogans serovar Grippotyphosa are the two major pathogenic serovars. Professionals who are in constant contact with animals and their residues, in water supply, rice mill, slaughtering houses, hospital sanitary places, strawberry picking, construction works, agriculture working, forest working and food industry are at highest risk. Factors related to occupational, environmental, and recreational aspects and the presenc...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 30, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Novel gold nanobiosensor platforms for rapid and inexpensive detection of Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative curved-rod bacterium belonging to the Vibrionaceae family. Routine detection of V. cholerae infection can be achieved by isolation of the organism from stool sample on the selective medium, followed by biochemical tests and specific antibodies for serotyping and serogrouping. These methods are labor-working and time-consuming. Furthermore, they provide low sensitivity and specificity. Advanced diagnostic approaches for identification of V. cholerae, such as cell-counting techniques by immunoassay, PCR, and real-time PCR are also used. In addition to these strategies, nanotechnology includ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 30, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Toxin–antitoxin systems and biofilm formation in bacteria
Biofilms usually occur on or within medical devices such as mechanical heart valves, prosthetic joints, peritoneal dialysis catheters, contact lenses, central venous catheters, pacemakers and urinary catheters. The presence of biofilms can be seen in different diseases like endocarditis, otitis, cystic fibrosis, periodontitis, osteomyelitis and chronic wounds. Toxin–antitoxin systems are reported to respond to stresses that are also found in the host. Some toxins of toxin–antitoxin systems modules have been proposed as potential weapons used by bacteria to act on host targets. In this review, we focus on the most recen...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 30, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Oral cavity infection by Enterococcus faecalis: virulence factors and pathogenesis
Enterococcus faecalis plays an important role in human oral cavity infections and may be one of the important species in endodontic treatment failure. In this review article, we provide an overview on the occurrence of the virulence factors associated with E. faecalis in oral infections. Seven virulence factors of E. faecalis have been associated with oral infections including extracellular surface protein (esp), gelatinase (GelE), aggregation substance (Asa), adhesion of collagen from E. faecalis (Ace), Serine protease (Spr), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and E. faecalis antigen A (efaA). The absence of these factors leads to d...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 30, 2020 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
