The use of Clostridium in cancer therapy: a promising way
In recent decades, the traditional cancer therapeutic agents such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have failed. One of the main reasons for repeated failures in the field of solid tumors is the hypoxic/necrotic regions within the tumors. Recently, looking for new therapeutic approaches, using bacteria as a therapeutic agent for cancer attract attention. In the case of solid tumors, several strains of anaerobic bacteria have been shown to selectively colonize, which made them the suitable agent for selective targeting and destruction. Interestingly to know that Clostridium species as an anaerobic bacterium has sho...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: PERSPECTIVE Source Type: research
Intravenous immunoglobulin and treatment in COVID-19 patients: case series
Conclusion:
IVIG can be used as an effective drug to save patients’ lives before they enter the intubation phase. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus vaccine: past, present, and future
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has been recognized as a tick-borne infection caused by a member of the Nairoviridae family within the Bunyavirales order, named CCHF virus. CCHF virus is a zoonotic virus, so transferred between vertebrates and humans. Therefore, vaccination in humans and animals might reduce the risk of infection. Currently, there are no globally licensed vaccines or therapeutics for CCHF. Although several studies have been performed on the production of the CCHF vaccine, any of these vaccines were not fully protective. Hence, the development of a new generation of vaccines could contribute to bette...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
Prostate cancer and human papillomavirus infection: a recent literature review
Conclusion:
The meta-analysis confirmed the variant frequencies of HPV positivity in prostate cancer of different geographic zones. It has been found that there can be a potential link between HPV and prostate cancer. Yet, further investigations of this cancer relating to HPV may be necessary. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
The effectiveness of the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 that ranges between mild, moderate and severe disease. The immune responses vary considerably at these stages and increase in complexity as the severity of the disease increases. As a result, COVID-19 patients were found to exhibit variable clinical manifestations which might be due to the critical imbalance in between the protective and the harmful role of the immune responses. Over a year and a half passed by since the COVID-19 pandemic started and we still need to accumulate more knowledge about the host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. Such knowledge is in regards to their e...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
An insight into multifunctional tool box: Akkermansia muciniphila provides dynamic benefits to the human gut
Akkermansia muciniphila is a mucin degrader that plays a major role in the human gut. Multiple studies have shown that the level of abundance of this organism in the human body is inversely related to diseases, such as diabetes, obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. This organism has abilities to regulate the intestinal permeability, gut barrier and inflammatory responses in various metabolic disorders by activating various transcription factors and enhance the expression of receptors (TLRs, NLRs). Pangenome of A. muciniphila provides comprehensive detail and role of encoding genes in mitigation of metabolic dysbiosis. T...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
A review on antiviral efficacy of Bifidobacterium species
Viral infections like diarrheal infections (Rotavirus diarrhea) and respiratory infections transmitted virus (influenza virus [IFV]) are of the most common diseases in humans. Studies have shown that probiotics are able to decrease the risk or duration of viral infection symptoms. The purpose of this paper is to review the current studies on the efficacy of Bifidobacterium spp on viral infections and to provide insights on their possible antiviral mechanisms. A PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar database search was performed up to February 2021 using appropriate search terms The terms ‘probiotic’, ‘bifidobacterium’...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
The impact of vaginal microbiome composition, race, and immunological factors on preterm birth
This systematic review will summarize: the various diverse bacterial species that populate the vaginal microbiome to identify what strains of vaginal flora can contribute to preterm birth; how the composition differs among race; how those strains influence the inflammatory response that triggers preterm birth. This review revealed that preterm birth is associated with an overall increase in microbiome diversity. The composition between races also varies; African American women have a more diverse mix of bacteria with very little Lactobacillus dominance compared with Caucasian or Asian women. Further, this review uncovered ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Guillain–Barre syndrome: a prevalent autoimmune disease during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic
Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS), the most frequent cause of acute paralytic neuropathy, is an inflammatory polyneuropathy that is autoimmune in nature. Many infectious agents such as Campylobacter jejuni (the most commonly identified bacteria associated with GBS), cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, measles virus, influenza A virus, and Mycoplasma pneumonia, as well as enterovirus D68 and Zika virus and noninfectious agents such as vaccines and surgeries have been reported to trigger GBS. Three main variants of GBS include the classic acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), which is the most common presentat...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - January 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: FOCUS ON COVID-19 Source Type: research
Metallo-?-lactamase, extended spectrum ?-lactamase and mcr-1 gene as major therapeutic challenges
Antibiotic resistance is a major problem worldwide. There are different types of resistance specially in Gram-negative bacteria. Emergence of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Klebsiella spp. is a main public health problem in the world. The ?-lactamases are classified according to their functional similarities or molecular structures. There are two various families of ?-lactamases that are found in bacteria. One of the causes of bacterial resistance is failure in treatment. Metallo-?-lactamases (MBLs) are associated with serine protease that are categorized in Ambler class B. MBL ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - January 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research
A review on an ongoing pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: the pathogenesis, epidemiology, immunological features, and currently available diagnostic tests
Some cases of pneumonia with indefinite origin were primarily described in late 2019 in China. The WHO termed the new virus as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and its disease as the coronavirus disease 2019. Currently, the main public health concern is prevention from infection and control of mortality. However, despite considerable efforts to control the infection, it became as a pandemic. Although there are still numerous unknowns about this virus, in this review, we will discuss the most recent evidence about the current status of epidemiologic and immunologic features as well as currently available ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: FOCUS ON COVID-19 Source Type: research
Guillain–Barre syndrome: a prevalent autoimmune disease during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic
Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS), the most frequent cause of acute paralytic neuropathy, is an inflammatory polyneuropathy that is autoimmune in nature. Many infectious agents such as Campylobacter jejuni (the most commonly identified bacteria associated with GBS), cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, measles virus, influenza A virus, and Mycoplasma pneumonia, as well as enterovirus D68 and Zika virus and noninfectious agents such as vaccines and surgeries have been reported to trigger GBS. Three main variants of GBS include the classic acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), which is the most common prese...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: FOCUS ON COVID-19 Source Type: research
Frequency of underlying diseases, symptoms and mortality rate of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
This study was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Eighteen studies were selected to be finally analyzed. The mean percentage of mortality was 14% (I2 = 98.9, P  (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: FOCUS ON COVID-19 Source Type: research
Genetic and structure of novel coronavirus COVID-19 and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenicity of coronaviruses
The recently identified 2019 novel coronaviruses (2019-nCoV) has caused extra-human infections. 2019-nCoV identified a global threat that is causing an outbreak of unusual viral pneumonia in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronaviruses 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Considering the relatively high identity of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV, it is urgent to assess the cross-reactivity of anti-SARS-CoV antibodies with 2019-nCoV spike protein, which could have important implications for rapid development of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies against 2019-nCoV. The zinc metallopeptidase a...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: FOCUS ON COVID-19 Source Type: research
The coronavirus disease 2019 and effect on liver function: a hidden and vital interaction beyond the respiratory system
This study reviews the liver's markers’ characteristics in patients with COVID-19 to achieve novel insights in improving clinical treatment. Liver disease and chronic kidney disease patients are susceptible to COVID-19. There is limited information about the effects of SARS-COV-2 on patients with preexisting liver associated disorders, including chronic hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus, primary biliary cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and more are yet to be understood. By considering conducted studies in this manner since ACE2 receptors, which are the primary receptors for SRAS-CoV-2, exist on the liver...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: FOCUS ON COVID-19 Source Type: research
