Current drugs with potential for coronavirus disease 2019 therapy: a literature review
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic by the WHO on 2020 a novel disease with no confirmed and precise therapeutic agent. Lopinavir/ ritonavir has shown no benefit in 199 COVID-19 hospitalized adult patients compared with standard care alone. Remdesivir has shown promising results in the first case of COVID-19 in the USA, but recent reports were disappointing and still are under more investigation in clinical trials. The arbidol (Umifenovir) and Favipiravir act well in postexposure prophylaxis and viral clearance. Interferons in combination with other antiviral agents, if administered in the early ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: FOCUS ON COVID-19 Source Type: research
Role of dietary supplement in viral infection with an outlook on corona virus disease-2019
In conclusion, by examining the effect of micronutrients on the immune function, nutrition principles with vitamins, nutraceuticals and probiotics may be useful in possible prevention and management of viral infections and COVID-19. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research
mcr-mediated colistin resistance in South America, a One Health approach: a review
Antimicrobial resistance is recognized as one of the most important global human health problems in the 21st century. The balance between clinical need and resistance prevention is further compromised by agricultural antibiotic use as some countries have actively used colistin in animal production. Antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms have been found in humans, food, animals, plants, and the environment (water, soil, and air), and they can move between ecosystems. The problem of antimicrobial resistance is currently seen in the concept: One Health. This approach encourages interdisciplinary collaborative efforts that wor...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research
Extragastric infection of Helicobacter pylori and alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune cutaneous disease, and the involved mechanism in its pathogenesis has not yet been properly identified. Based on the available evidences, the prevalence of alopecia areata is more common than other autoimmune disorders that caused by Helicobacter pylori infection such as autoimmune thyroiditis, psoriasis, celiac, and Sjogren's syndrome. In addition, previous published reports have shown that antibiotic therapy can cure alopecia areata. Hence, it seems that there is a probable relationship between infection with H. pylori and alopecia areata. In general, the main purpose of this study was to...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research
SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and molecular pathway to enter target cells during infection
This study sets out to shed light on the SARS-CoV-2 and the main entrance pathways into target cells. This is expected to help researchers and clinicians develop new methods to diagnose coronavirus infection in a timely and efficient manner. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research
The role of gut microbiota in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is known as a functional gastrointestinal disorder that has different effects on the large intestine and caused malfunction of bowel and colon tissues, which leads to chronic diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, cramps, and bloating. Genetic pre determinants and environmental factors including; stress, age, diet, geographical features, use of antibiotics, and more importantly gut microbiota (GM) are implicated in the development of IBS. In the present review, by using free search engines providing biomedical and clinical literature (Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar) we have evalu...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research
Prevalence of Legionella pneumophila among patients suffering from pneumonia: a Middle East systematic review and meta-analysis
This study showed that the prevalence of L. pneumophila in clinical samples collected from patients was varied between 1.6 and 28.1%. The pooled prevalence of L. pneumophila in clinical samples was reported to 8.5%. Our systematic review and meta-analysis showed a considerable prevalence of L. pneumophila in countries located in the Middle East. Therefore, it should be considered in the identification of respiratory infections illness. It is also best to use both culture and molecular methods at the same time to diagnose the bacterium. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research
Bacterial and viral zoonotic infections: bugging the world
The zoonoses infectious diseases can be naturally transmitted between usually vertebrate animals and humans. The dispersion of zoonotic diseases varies greatly depending on geographical factors. For involved organisms in different regions, the severity and epidemiology are not considered to be the same for all infections. In the incidence procedure, animals and human act as an intermediate or final host. It is concluded that bacteria and viruses are the most widely known agents of zoonotic infections and cause a series of major diseases, such as anthrax, plague, brucellosis, rabies, Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, Zika ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research
A review of brucellosis in the Middle East and control of animal brucellosis in an Iranian experience
This study focuses on epidemiology human's and animal's brucellosis and disease control strategies. Test-and-slaughter technique and extensive livestock vaccination programs are used for eradication of brucellosis. Test-and-slaughter is a general policy in Middle Eastern countries to eradicate the disease. Under this program, the Rose Bengal plate test is used as a screening measure to identify the infected herd, whereas the complement fixation test is applied as a confirmatory test. The prevalence of bovine brucellosis in 2015–2016 ranged between 7.2 and 18.1% in Kuwait and Jordan and ranged between 3 and 3.1% in Iraq a...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research
Can Helicobacter pylori serve as a trigger for oral lichen planus?
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic, inflammatory, T-cell-mediated autoimmune disorder that affects oral mucosa. OLP may be triggered by medications, particular foods, stress, and even pathogens. In this respect, numerous studies have addressed the potential association between OLP and different pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. Regarding the latter, some researchers attempted to link OLP to Helicobacter pylori infection. Indeed, the persistent survival of H. pylori within gastric mucosa provokes dysregulation of immune system and further development of autoimmunity in predisposed individuals. Contradictory results...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research
Clonal relatedness of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from the Middle East: a systematic review
This study showed that multidrug-resistant ST2Pas (belonging to CC2), ST195Ox, and ST208Ox (both belonging to CC92) have been repeatedly reported from numerous Middle Eastern countries. In the Pasteur scheme, blaVIM and blaIMP as carbapenmase genes have been mainly detected from Saudi Arabia. Moreover, blaOXA-58 encoding sequence types were from Turkey (ST2, ST109, and ST84) and Saudi Arabia (ST19, ST20, ST196, ST194). On the other hand, an analysis of the Oxford scheme revealed that there were five major clonal complexes, including CC218, CC109, CC99, CC236, and CC1151. Egyptian sequence types were the main producers of b...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research
Metallo-β-lactamase, extended spectrum β-lactamase and mcr-1 gene as major therapeutic challenges
Antibiotic resistance is a major problem worldwide. There are different types of resistance specially in Gram-negative bacteria. Emergence of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Klebsiella spp. is a main public health problem in the world. The β-lactamases are classified according to their functional similarities or molecular structures. There are two various families of β-lactamases that are found in bacteria. One of the causes of bacterial resistance is failure in treatment. Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are associated with serine protease that are categorized in Ambler class B. M...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research
Epidemiology of integrons among multidrug-resistant pathogens; an Asian update
Integrons are mobile genetic elements commonly found in the genome of bacteria, within plasmids, chromosomes, and transposons. They are recognized as important factors involved in genetic complexities, the formation of various phenotypes, and the emergence of bacterial adaptation. Integrons play a major role in capturing, expression, and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes and the resistance genes located on integrons can transmit from a strain to another one. Horizontal transmission of integrons is considered as the most important path of resistance genes transmission that leads to the emergence of multidrug resis...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research
Multifunctional dynamic toolbox: cordycepin plays a therapeutic role in various disorders
Cordyceps are edible medicinal mushrooms that contain therapeutic values and are used to treat various disorders in many parts of the world. There are two species of Cordyceps commonly used in traditional medicine, viz. Ophiocordyceps (Cordyceps) sinensis and Cordyceps militaris. Cordycepin is a purine nucleoside and a derivative of adenosine that is derived from these mushrooms and possesses multiple medicinal properties. These include immuno-booster, antioxidative, antitumour and antimicrobial properties. The present mini-review discusses the therapeutic role of cordycepin nucleoside through the systematic approach in va...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research
Prevalence of human trichostrongyliasis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
In this study, we aimed to identify the prevalence rate of Trichostrongylus infection in the Iranian general population to progress to a complete description of the disease situation in Iran for future use. English and Persian databases, such as PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar are the English databases and Magiran, Scientific Information Database, Iran Medex, and Iran Doc, as well as dissertations of graduate student was searched. Our search resulted in 18 reports published between 1984 and 2015, including 13 published in Persian and five in English. The random errors method was used for ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 25, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research
