Urinary tract infections: raising problem in developing countries
Urinary tract infections are the most common infections worldwide, which can involve the urethra, bladder and kidney and are caused by Gram-negative bacteria, followed by Gram-positive bacteria or fungi. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species are the most common uropathogens. Misuse of antibiotics and passage of resistance genes between uropathogens play main role in increasing drug resistance. Increase of multidrug resistance and emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among uropathogens are concerned worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance patterns vary from time-to-time and across different regions. Hence, treatment...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2018 Category: Microbiology Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: research
Probiotics and their increasing importance in human health and infection control
Probiotics include a group of microorganisms with numerous effects acting as normal flora and masking binding sites of pathogens and inhibition of their colonization. Most common probiotic species include Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacilli and Saccharomyces boulardii. Some other beneficial properties of probiotics include cancer prevention, reduction of blood cholesterol and its absorption from the intestine (by bile digestion), stimulation and strengthen of the immune system, treatment and prevention of acute diarrhea, reducing inflammation in the intestines, and food allergies or eczema in children, improving the symptom...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2018 Category: Microbiology Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: research
Sterilization procedures for CO2 incubators
Cell culture methods are utilized ubiquitously in science and pharmaceutical and biotech industries. Sterility is one crucial factor for maintenance of cells and creation of valid data from experiments. As cells are usually cultured in CO2 incubators, those are one bottleneck in terms of sterility in a cell culture lab. This review gives an overview on the different sterilization procedures for CO2 incubators on the market with emphasize to considerations from a practical point of view. It compares sterilization by dry heat, steam, gas and ultraviolet radiation in terms of validity and practicability in accordance with int...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2018 Category: Microbiology Tags: Hospital Hygiene Source Type: research
Immunogenicity of a Brucella abortus 55-kDa recombinant surface protein conjugated with detoxified lipopolysaccharide in black and albino type C mouse model
Conclusion:
The conjugation of BC55 + dLPS induced responses significantly higher than each of the dLPS, PBS, and BC55 protein components. In addition, the dLPS + BC55 conjugate not only had efficient results in the induction of immune responses as a new vaccination strategy, it (also) can reduce the number of B. abortus in spleen. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - June 29, 2018 Category: Microbiology Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: research
A multiplex real-time PCR technique for simultaneous detection of Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae among asymptomatic pregnant women
Conclusion:
The real-time PCR was the most advantageous method due to its higher sensitivity and specificity and rapidity in results, especially among asymptomatic patients. L. monocytogenes and S. agalactiae infections need to be diagnosed rapidly because of complications occurred among infants and asymptomatic pregnant women. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - June 29, 2018 Category: Microbiology Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: research
Molecular characterization and sequence analysis of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Babylon Province, Iraq
The current study was aimed to detect qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD and qnrS genes in quinolone-resistance extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates that recovered from patients with urinary tract infection in Babylon Province, Iraq. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) was regarded as the most important causative agent of urinary tract infections. Fluoroquinolones are regularly used in the management of these infections; on the other hand, in recent years, an increasing rate of quinolone resistance has been stated globally. Clinical isolates of UPEC were collected from patients with infection of urinar...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - June 29, 2018 Category: Microbiology Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: research
Evaluation of probiotic potentials of Lactobacillus isolated from traditional fermented foods of Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India
The current study deals with isolation of Lactobacillus species from naturally fermented foods of Garo Hills region of Meghalaya and to characterize the selected isolates for exploring their probiotic potentials. Out of eight selected isolates, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (K4E) and Lactobacillus helveticus (K14) were found to tolerate pH 2 and pH 3 for 1.5 and 3 h. Lactobacillus fermentum (K16) could survive efficiently at 0.5% bile salts after 1.5 and 3 h and reduced cholesterol efficiently (60.64%) as compared with the other isolates. The isolates K4E and L. fermentum (K7) exhibited the highest cell surface hydrophobicit...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - June 29, 2018 Category: Microbiology Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: research
Transmission and colonization of Streptococcus mutans in children
The present article aims to review the current knowledge about acquisition, transmission and colonization of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), especially in children. S. mutans is the primary species associated with the development of dental caries in children. Various serological strains of this bacteria have been identified. A recently discovered strain, serotype k, of S. mutans is strongly associated with causing systemic disease and endocarditis. Being transmitted primarily from the saliva of the mother, this bacterium colonizes the mouth of an infant as soon as the primary teeth erupt. There is an interplay of various...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - June 29, 2018 Category: Microbiology Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: research
Shadow of the third pandemic: a review of the epidemiology, microbiology, ecology, clinical features, molecular diagnosis and treatment of plague
Yersinia pestis has caused three plague pandemics. The third pandemic created a legacy of disease in 16 countries with The Democratic Republic of Congo and Madagascar most affected. Phylogenetically, Y. pestis gained pathogenicity and the ability to spread via fleas due to the acquisition of plasmids Pst and Fra. Recently, contaminated soil has been implicated as an additional transmission route. In well resourced settings, plague diagnosis was transformed in the 2000s by PCR and ELISA. More recently, matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight has enabled species identification within 6 min. However, thes...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - June 29, 2018 Category: Microbiology Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: research
Clostridium difficile infection: a review
Clostridium difficile, as one of the main bacterial causes of diarrhea, is an important healthcare-associated pathogen. It is also the main causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. The C. difficile infection is a life threatening disease, and there is an urgent need to control its spread in healthcare centers. This review summarizes the most recent work on epidemiology and interactions between host and C. difficile. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - June 29, 2018 Category: Microbiology Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: research
“The Politics of Fear” - Médecins Sans Frontières and the West African Ebola Epidemic
No abstract available (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 27, 2018 Category: Microbiology Tags: Book Review Source Type: research
A novel antibiotic-like substance isolation from a dermatophyte, Trichophyton rubrum
In conclusion, the current study established the ability of a dermatophyte, T. rubrum to produce antibiotic-like substances, especially the sulfones which not isolated and recorded previously from T. rubrum. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 27, 2018 Category: Microbiology Tags: Fungal Infections Source Type: research
The effect of sulfur-containing amino acids on the biosynthesis of lincomycin
Lincomycin, a clinically important antibiotic for the treatment of diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria, is formed by a bifurcated biosynthetic pathway. The latest research reported that two low-molecular-weight thiols, mycothiol and ergothioneine were discovered in the sulfur of lincomycin. The coupling of two bacterial thiols could be biosynthesized by histidine, cysteine and methionine, which indicates the relationship between the three amino acids and the enhancement of the two thiols in the lincomycin biosynthesis. In 15-l stirred bioreactor, methionine and the combination of the three amino acids were added, and...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 27, 2018 Category: Microbiology Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: research
Antibacterial activity of a novel characterized and purified bacteriocin extracted from Bifidobacterium adolescentis
Lactic acid bacteria and their own bacteriocin are great promising in health and industry; hence, too many lactic acid bacteria species and metabolites are involve in health maintenance and treatment of infectious disease as well as food preservation and dairy production. Current study sought to produce, isolate, purify and characterize novel bacteriocin from oral Bifidobacterium adolescentis and studying its effect on antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Saliva of 18 volunteers postmenopausal women with their age ranging from 49 to 58 years was included. Bifidobacterium spp. cultivates in anaerobic conditions and ide...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 27, 2018 Category: Microbiology Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: research
Helicobacter pylori-induced autoimmune thyroiditis: is the pathogenic link concluded or still a hypothesis?
Infection caused by Helicobacter pylori is considered as a serious health issue as it can cause severe damage of gastric mucosa, impair the digestive mechanism and even lead to neoplastic disease. Research studies have projected its survival in many parts of the body beyond the gastric system. The ability of these bacteria to withstand the gastric juice and change the surrounding conditions makes its survival in the stomach successful. As an outcome of H. pylori infection, there occurs the release of inflammatory mediators and immune modulators, which could cause further complications. Recent investigations on H. pylori ha...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - March 27, 2018 Category: Microbiology Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: research
