The role of plants and macrofungi as a source of novel antimicrobial agents
Antibiotic resistance presents a significant challenge to clinical, veterinary and plant health and is now recognized by the WHO as a major emerging problem of global significance. Recently, there has been a paucity of new antibiotics being developed, thus refocussing investigations into natural antimicrobials, especially from plants. Historically, plants have been a rich source of medicines, ranging from chemotherapeutic compounds, anti-inflammatories to antimicrobial agents, where such therapeutic activity has been recognized and exploited by traditional medicine in many countries, particularly in Asia. This review wishe...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research

A case of primary extragenital cutaneous gonorrhea involving the finger
A case of primary extragenital cutaneous gonorrhea affecting the left middle finger of a 16-year-old female patient is presented. The patient denied a history of sexual activity and the only reported symptoms were finger pain and associated lymphangitis. Wound culture was obtained from an incision, and drainage procedure was performed at an emergency room of a community hospital. Laboratory diagnosis was made at a clinical microbiology laboratory using Gram stain, agar culture, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Concurrent blood cultures had no growth at 5 days....
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research

In-vitro antifungal susceptibility of the genus Sporothrix and correlation with treatment options for sporotrichosis: a systematic review
Sporotrichosis is an infection with global distribution caused by the dimorphic fungi of the genus Sporothrix, whose main pathogenic species include Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix globosa, and Sporothrix luriei. Itraconazole and amphotericin B are the most used antifungals for the treatment. The aim of this review was to compile the in-vitro susceptibility data of Sporothrix spp. found in literature and correlate this data with the treatment guidelines for sporotrichosis. The systematic review was performed according to the Cochrane methodology and with PICOS (Participants, Intervention, Comparat...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research

Combinatorial treatment of sophoraflavanone G and rhein with ampicillin, oxacillin, or oxytetracycline synergistically increased antibacterial activity against oral bacteria
In this study, antibacterial activities of sophoraflavanone G and rhein were investigated against oral bacteria using the microdilution assay, the checkerboard assay, the growth curve assay, and the disc diffusion assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) values of sophoraflavanone G were 1.56 μg/ml against Streptococcus mutans and Fusobacterium nucleatum, 3.125 μg/ml against Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus, and more than 100 μg/ml against Porphyromonas gingivalis after 24 h treatment, respectively. MIC values of rhein were 100 μg/ml against Strep. mutans and Strep. sobrinus, and 25 μg/m...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research

Dissemination of blaOXA-48 like, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaIMP-1, blaVIM genes among carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in Southeastern Turkey: first report of Klebsiella pneumoniae co-producing blaOXA-48-like, blaVIM and blaIMP-1 genes
Conclusion: We detected blaOXA-48-like gene most frequently in our region. To our knowledge, this is the first report of K. pneumoniae-co-producing blaOXA-48-like, blaVIM and blaIMP-1 genes. The coexistence of these genes is alarming and causes both infection control and treatment problems. Effective infection control measures are essential to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research

Perspectives of using photodynamic therapy as antimicrobial therapy in endodontics
In times of multidrug resistance of bacteria, photodynamic therapy (PDT) seems to be promising in many fields of medicine, including endodontics, especially in the case of previous failures of root canal treatment and periapical lesions formation. PDT is based on the use of a light source and photosensitizers (PSs). Irradiation caused by the appropriately selected wavelength of light initiates the formation of singlet oxygen and/or free radicals, which provides the antimicrobial activity responsible for effective disinfection. In this manuscript, we compare the findings from all available papers of authors who perform thei...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research

The current advances and future perspectives of lateral flow immunoassay for infectious diseases
Although much progresses have been made, preventing and curing infectious diseases have proven increasingly unable to keep pace with the spread of these pandemics. Therefore, there is fueled demanding for accurate, speed, affordable, and convenient diagnostic assays. Recent years, tremendous efforts to develop the point-of-care (POC) testing have provided plenty of solutions to meet above requirements, their application will be especially useful in resource-limited countries and areas. In this perspective, we discuss the recent advances and emerging potentials of POC diagnostic, mainly focusing on lateral flow immunoassay ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research

Distribution of clinical Candida species and their susceptibility to antifungal agents
Conclusion: Valuable information and data on distribution and susceptibility of Candida strains were obtained. These data may be valuable from epidemiological point of view as well as for proper and optimal therapy of Candida infections in our region (Şanliurfa, Turkey). (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the healthcare facility setting
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative pathogen that has become an important cause of infection in humans and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Severe infections usually affect immunocompromised patients or those with chronic debilitating diseases. Its significance as a pathogen is exacerbated by its resistance to antibiotics, virulence factors and its ability to adapt to a wide range of environments. P. aeruginosa can have multiple intrinsic or acquired mechanisms of resistance, frequently with high resistance rates to various antimicrobial classes. In recent years, the worldwide spread of ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research

Bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
The objective of this study is to analyze the bacteriological profile of the patients with COPD and also to study their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern, which may help to scheme a proper antibiotic treatment to the COPD patients, which will have a beneficial effect in preventing the morbidity and mortality of the disease. A narrative review of the literature was carried out after a bibliographical search on the database PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus and active search lists of bibliographical references of articles selected up to November 2019. According to various studies addressed, the causative agents in COPD from ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research

Factors affecting vaccine uptake rate: the story of measles, mumps and rubella
Vaccine uptake can greatly impact on the ability of a country or region to eliminate a disease, which could be detrimental to society if allowed free reign. A high vaccine coverage can produce herd immunity, which confers protection upon the unvaccinated individuals within the population. Although some countries take a voluntary approach to vaccination policies, other countries have mandatory vaccination for specific pathogens. There is a clear inverse correlation between vaccine uptake and incidence of disease and in many countries a trivalent vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella is included in the vaccination sched...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research

Micronutrient zinc roles in adjunctive therapy for COVID-19 by enhancing patients immunoregulation and tolerance to the pathogen
This study is to review the literature on how zinc status may affect susceptibility and outcomes of a viral infection, as well as to explore the possible beneficial effects of supplementing zinc to alleviate COVID-19 duration and severity. We propose zinc supplementation as a viable therapeutic approach when used alone or in combination with other drugs to combat cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19 patients. The supplementation may be especially effective for elderly patients or patients with co-morbidity already deficient in zinc. More level I randomized controlled studies are needed to determine the clinical efficacy of ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research

Pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection: what is the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) doing to body? A comprehensive systematic review
Since December 2019, an emerging outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has begun from Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly throughout the world. This systematic review aimed to discuss the involvement of the body's systems during COVID-19 infection comprehensively. PubMed database was used to identify relative studies to be included in this review. Four authors searched PubMed independently using determined search terms. Then, the results were merged and duplicates were removed. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were specified and at least two review authors assessed the eligibility of the studies. The full texts of ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research

Leclercia adecarboxylata: a rare cause of traumatic wound infections in immunocompetent patients: case reports and review of the literature
We report here, two cases of L. adecarboxylata trauma-related wound infections in two previously healthy patients and give a review of previous reports on wound infections encountered in immunocompetent patient. Both strains were sensitive to most tested antibiotics. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research

Chryseobacterium indologenes bacteremia in a healthy 2-month-old baby
Chryseobacterium indologenes is a Gram-negative bacteria rarely pathogenic in humans that can produce serious infections, especially, in children with comorbidities. Only a few cases of bacteremia have been published by C. indologenes, the majority in Taiwan. We show a Spanish healthy 2-month-old baby, who was diagnosed with this germ at our hospital, to report on the serious infections that it can cause and the multiple drug resistance to antibiotics that it shows. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research