Human leukocyte antigen-genotyping according to sex in extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in Iraq
Conclusion:
The association of the HLA-DRB1∗3 and the HLA-DRB1∗7 genotypes with the EPTB was observed in this study, albeit needing more verifications. Furthermore, the HLA-DRB1∗315 was more frequent among healthy subjects. More investigations are also essential to confirm the difference between male and female patients with the EPTB regarding the rate of HLA genotypes. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Construction of a recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing fliC gene fused with guanylyl cyclase C and dendritic cell-binding peptide using CRISPR–Cas9 system: a first step towards design of vaccine against colorectal cancer
In conclusion, recombinant lactic acid bacteria strains have the capacity to express heterologous proteins. Thus in this study for the first time a recombinant L. casei using CRISPR–Cas9 system as a first step for design of a vaccine against CRC was constructed that expresses fliC gene fused with guanylyl cyclase C and dendritic cell binding peptide. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
High genetic diversity among diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolates from patients with acute diarrhea in Khuzestan province, Southwestern Iran
Conclusion:
The current study provides novel information about the presence of DEC isolates particularly with the rate of high antibiotic resistance among acute diarrheal samples in Khuzestan, Iran. Our data revealed that there was almost high heterogeneity among isolated DEC pathotypes. Proper infection control policies are needed to be implemented in order for the infections to be effectively controlled. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Production of blaoxa-23 type genes carrying by Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from hospitalized patients in Tehran, Iran
Carbapenems are potent β-lactam antibiotics, including imipenem and meropenem that is used to treat serious infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance rate of A. baumannii to imipenem and meropenem by producing OXA-23 gene. Sixty A. baumannii isolates were collected from four hospitals. Susceptibility testing of all A. baumannii isolates was determined by disk diffusion method. After bacterial DNA extraction, PCR was used for detection of blaoxa-51 and blaoxa-23 beta-lactamase genes. According to the result, 98% of A. baumannii isolates were resistant to amikacin, c...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Microbiology and histological study of gallbladder among acute and chronic cholecystitis in Babylon City, Iraq
The current study aimed to identify the bacteria from the gallbladder taken during cholecystectomy of patients with acute and chronic cholecystitis of calculus and acalculus type. The study included 100 patients taken randomly (85 women and 15 men) undergoing cholecystectomy at the general teaching Hilla Hospital from September 2016 to June 2017. For each patient, two samples were taken, which included tissue and stone (if present). All samples were cultured on different media for full bacteriological identification. The infection appears in both sexes, but the rate of infection in women (85%) was higher than men (15%). Th...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Contribution of aging oral microbiota in getting neurodegenerative diseases
Nowadays aging-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease are as important as infectious diseases for human communities. 60–80% of dementia cases are related to Alzheimer's disease while only 2–3% of cases are associated with Parkinson's disease. Oral bacteria produce some chemical compounds such as volatile sulfur compounds and therefore are responsible for halitosis (malodor). This is while most of the cases (80–90%) of halitosis caused following the production of volatile sulfur compounds in the oral cavity. Some periodontal pathogens such as Aggregatibacter actinomycete...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Synergistic therapeutic actions of antimicrobial peptides to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infection
Growing antibiotic resistance has been reported as a great health problem throughout the world. The threat of multidrug resistance is significantly exacerbated in biofilm-associated infection as most of the antimicrobials are rarely effective against biofilm and its virulence factors. Consequently, there is a strong demand for developing novel approaches and new materials to treat biofilm-associated bacterial infection. Engineering technology introduces nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery to reduce treatment failure and increase the synergistic effects of the drugs. Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) are usually attra...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Microbes in human oral cavity: a review
The oral cavity being one of the important opening encounter huge number of microorganisms via air, water and food. Some of them establish, grow and multiply, form communities inside the cavity. The selection and growth of these microorganisms depend upon the physiochemical environment in the cavity. Various molecules of the host and resident microorganisms are responsible for the environmental conditions. Literatures indicate that change in this molecular content in the cavity may likely change the microbial communities in it. Therefore, in case of various diseased conditions/changed food habit may invite changes in micro...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
New insights on potential therapeutic options and vaccines for corona virus disease-2019
In December 2019, world health organization was acquainted of the outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause. The causative agent was identified as a novel coronavirus and named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). This disease is a pandemic, which has so far, caused more than 376 320 deaths globally. Owing to the high transmission and mortality of COVID-19, identifying ways to circumvent the imbroglio has become the top priority of researchers across different parts of the world. To date, no treatment or preventive approach has been developed. Two ap...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - April 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
Cytokine storm is the cryptic killer behind coronavirus disease-2019 infections, review of the current evidence to identify therapeutic options
This article aims to review the role of cytokines in CSS, present an overview of immunomodulators and immunosuppressive clinically indicated to counteract the effect of cytokines with the overarching goal of drawing attention to potential therapeutic options for further investigation, clinical trials, and pharmaceutical research. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - January 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
Revival of older antibiotics for the therapy of urinary tract infections: old, but gold Part 1: Antimicrobial susceptibility of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates
The most prevalent causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is uropathogenic Escherichia coli, corresponding to 50–90% of uncomplicated, around 30–70% of nosocomial UTIs. There has been renewed interest toward the clinical value of older, nonβ-lactam antibiotics (including fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) used for the therapy UTIs caused by drug resistant bacteria, including AmpC-producing or an extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Gram-negative strains. The aim of our study was to determine the resistance levels of AmpC-producing or ESBL-producing E. coli strains, again...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - January 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
In-vitro protoscolicidal and immunomodulatory effects of Cinnamomum camphora and Ziziphora tenuior against Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices
Objective:
Owing to side effects, drug resistance and recurrence of Echinococcus granulosus infestation following conventional therapies, seeking novel therapeutic approaches such as herbal medicines seems necessary. The aim of this study was assessment the antiparasitic and immunomodulatory effects of Cinnamomum camphora and Ziziphora tenuior herbal medicines against E. granulosus protoscolices.
Methods:
Various concentrations of extracts were prepared including 3, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/ml. BALB/c mice liver samples were obtained from slaughter house and the protoscolices were taken under sterile condition...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - January 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Synergistic effect of Zataria multiflora and Lavandula stoechas essential oils on phenotype detection of efflux pump against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates
Conclusion:
The combination of Z. multiflora and L. stoechas essential oils against MDR A. baumannii strains were additive antibacterial effects. It was also found that these compounds, as inhibitors of efflux pumps, could also be used to suppress MDR A. baumannii isolated. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - January 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Evaluation of probiotic potentials of yeast isolates from traditional fermented rice beverages of Meghalaya, India
The objective of this study was to identify functional and potential probiotic yeast involved in the production of rice beverage. Yeast cultures are used since old age with many health attributes and it is also applied in the production of fermented rice beverages traditionally. Five yeast isolates were selected, the isolates were tolerant to a wide range of pH (2.0, 3.0), high concentration of bile salt (0.5%) and also showed zone of precipitation in bile salt hydrolase plates. They showed resistance against broader range of clinically important antibiotics and showed moderate cell surface hydrophobicity. The isolates cou...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - January 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Pathogenic bacteria of diabetic-associated infections and their pathogenesis
The diabetic patients have tendencies to develop infections in presence of hyperglycemia makes mucosal epithelial more susceptible to infections. Diabetic mellitus causes a sever deregulation of immune response in a healthy human body. The suppressed production of immune pepetides and altered immune, susceptibility to infections are much higher in immunosuppressed patients with diabetes mellitus. The human host and microorganisms normally exist in a balanced relationship. Infection occurs when pathogens are able to resist host's immune system and subsequently invade systemic host responses. The reasons why infections do no...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - January 1, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
