Airway management in patients with COVID-19: an updated guide for clinicians in the emergency department
The coronavirus disease, also known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 virus has changed the characteristics of many methods used by healthcare providers. These modifications aimed to provide safety and reduce the risk of virus transmission. Some of the recommendations to reduce the risk of aerosol transmission during the intubation are usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and video laryngoscopy (VL). After satisfactory preoxygenation, along with sedation and paralysis of the patient, modified rapid sequence induction is the recommended tec...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
A review on the most important viruses in oral cavity cancers
Conclusion:
Review of epidemiological studies revealed that HPV and EBV infection were significantly related to OCC, whereas the relationship between OCC and HCV was less prominent. Therefore, the high prevalence of these viral infections can be considered as a possible reason for the incidence of OCC. further studies are required to identify the exact mechanism for the carcinogenesis of these viruses. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
Filamentous fungi that most frequently cause true fungaemia
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) have become increasingly important over the past two decades, particularly due to the growing population of patients with compromised immunity. Rapidly progressive and aggressive infections are associated with high mortality and rather complex laboratory diagnostics. The most common form of IFI is fungaemia – the presence of fungi in the blood – which serve to spread the pathogen in the host and subsequently develop a systemic infection. Over 95% of fungaemia is caused by yeasts from the Candida genus, with a smaller proportion caused by other pathogenic fungi. Less common are moulds, ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: FUNGAL INFECTIONS Source Type: research
Unprecedented fungal infections and systematization of superficial mycosis: the immunity paradigm
In conclusion, literature data seems to attribute great importance to the observation of superficial mycosis and preventing its systematization, since treatment are not yet promising against unprecedented diseases brought up by the fungi immunity paradigm. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: FUNGAL INFECTIONS Source Type: research
Factors affecting blood culture contamination rates and effective reduction measures
Blood culture collection is a crucial procedure used universally in hospital settings to identify bloodstream infections. A false positive culture arises when contamination occurs during culture collection or when handling the culture in the laboratory. These contaminated cultures cause inaccurate diagnoses resulting in longer hospital stays, increased cost, and unnecessary antimicrobial treatments. It is therefore vital to limit the rate of blood culture contamination. Here we discuss various factors that play roles in blood culture contamination rates. The roles of phlebotomy teams, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Staphylococcus aureus: a bacterial candidate for multiple sclerosis incidence and progression
Multiple sclerosis (MS) has nowadays developed in the human population, and according to the existing evidence, the main cause is not well understood. In addition to the genetic factors, scientists propose the infections like other autoimmune diseases as the strong environmental hypothesis. By the last decade, microorganisms were supposed neglected in autoimmune disorders. Staphylococcus aureus has been recognized as an exacerbating agent in the development of MS. The various virulence factors enable this bacterium to cause complications from a mild skin infection to life-threatening meningitis and septicemia. Although the...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
The status of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Iran compared to the world: a systematic review
Conclusion:
Since pneumococcal serotypes differ in invasiveness, virulence, and antibiotic resistance it is important to closely monitor the changes on evolving serotypes, antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of this pathogen to be able to implement suitable prevention and therapeutic strategies. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Current trends in colistin susceptibility testing methods in enteric Gram-negative bacilli and other non-fermentative pathogens
Polymyxins, an age-old sort of cationic polypeptide antibiotic, are regarded as final-resort drugs in handling infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. An exact assessment of colistin susceptibility is crucial due to increasing colistin resistance and absence of other antibiotics in curing multidrug resistance pathogens. Both Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing have investigated colistin broth microdilution and offer particular recommendations, but this method has a challenging perform in routine daily practice. It is time consum...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - October 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: BACTERIOLOGY Source Type: research
Microbiological characterization of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae belonging to the international epidemic clone ST258 in Asia: a systematic review
Klebsiella pneumoniae infection because of international epidemic clone ST258 constitutes a major health threat because of limiting efficient therapies. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the microbiological profiles of circulating of K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae belonging to ST258 clone in Asia. A systematic search was prepared and reported through searching the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar electronic databases to find all available articles that are pertinent to our design from January 2000 to December 2019. Afterward, 10 publications meeting the inclusion criter...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research
Standardization of in-vitro methods for determination of antimicrobial properties of essential oils
This study systematically reviews various methods published from 2016 to 2020 that were employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of essential oils. The main question was, ‘What are the most reliable in-vitro methods to determine MIC and MBC of EOs’? The reported outputs of the search terms for the colony-forming unit (CFU), MIC, MBC, and the zone of inhibition (ZOI) were used to assess the methods.121 studies reported ‘Antibacterial’, 90 ‘Antifungal’, 110 ‘Antimicrobial’, 71 ‘ZOI’, 17 ‘CFU’, and 35 ‘MIC and MBC’. Forty-seven st...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: MICROBIOLOGY Source Type: research
The hepatitis E virus prevalence in autoimmune hepatitis: a systematic literature review on conducted researches
Conclusion:
The anti-HEV IgG prevalence seems to be highly variable based on the geographical location and patient's population in AIH. Further studies in this field are required for clear conclusion about the HEV role in AIH development. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
Prevalence study of different methods for hepatitis B virus diagnosis with blood donor people in Baghdad city
Background:
Globally, infecting with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a big issue today. The present study was aimed to assess the prevalence and year-wise trend of the HBV surfaces antigens (HBs-Ag), antibodies vs. HBV core antigens (anti-HBcs) while HBV-DNA in serum sample patients and replacement blood donors in Baghdad, Iraq.
Methods:
During the period between 2017 and 2019, a total of 212 blood donors of ages 18–70 years were screened for HBs-Ag, anti-HBs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, and anti-HBc antigen–antibody (Ag–Ab) and HBV-DNA using real-time PCR.
Results:
A total o...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
Assessment of different laboratory tests for the diagnosis of novel coronavirus infections
Rapid diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-infected patients is urgent in making decisions on public health measures. There are different types of diagnostic tests, such as quantitative PCR assay, antibody, and antigen-based and CRISPR-based tests, which detect genetic materials, viral proteins, or human antibodies in clinical samples. However, the proper test should be highly sensitive, quick, and affordable to address this life-threatening situation. This review article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each test and compares its different features, such as sensitivity, specificity, and limit of ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
Metabolic syndromes, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus as three factors involved in the development of hepatic steatosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusion:
According to the results of the present study, viral hepatitis (viral load) has a protective role against the development of hepatic steatosis. Nevertheless, hepatic steatosis in patients infected with HBV and HCV was associated with metabolic syndrome. (Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
Vitamin D and immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in older adults: does it really work?
Coronavirus disease 2019 was announced as a pandemic by the WHO on 11 February 2020. Since that time, challenges have arisen regarding the use of supplements to optimally support the immune system in the general population, and especially in older adults. The severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection varies significantly with age, being generally more severe in geriatric patients. There is evidence supporting the involvement of vitamin D in different processes related to the immune response. Some observational studies have related the decrease in vitamin D levels to the severity of coronavirus d...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - July 1, 2022 Category: Microbiology Tags: VIROLOGY Source Type: research
