Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Low-Dose Subcutaneous Anti-CD20 Treatment Depletes Disease Relevant B Cell Subsets and Attenuates Neuroinflammation
AbstractTo explore the B cell depleting capacity of a low-dose (20  μg) subcutaneous mouse anti-CD20 antibody treatment on disease-relevant B cell populations within lymph nodes and the spleen. B cell depleting capacity was explored in healthy female C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice; following immune activation in two different mouse models: trinitrophenylated lipopolysac charide model (thymus-independent response) and dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin model (thymus-dependent response); and in a chronic neuroinflammation experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. CD20 protein expression on B cell subpopulations was al...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - August 20, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
HIV-1 Tat-Induced Astrocytic Extracellular Vesicle miR-7 Impairs Synaptic Architecture
AbstractAlthough combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has improved the health of millions of those living with HIV-1 (Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Type 1), the penetration into the central nervous system (CNS) of many such therapies is limited, thereby resulting in residual neurocognitive impairment commonly referred to as NeuroHIV. Additionally, while cART has successfully suppressed peripheral viremia, cytotoxicity associated with the presence of viral Transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein in tissues such as the brain, remains a significant concern. Our previous study has demonstrated that both HIV-1 Tat as...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - August 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
The Association of Immune Markers with Cognitive Performance in South African HIV-Positive Patients
AbstractDysregulated expression of neuro-immune markers has previously been linked to HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment. We undertook an exploratory approach in a HIV clade-C cohort, investigating the association between eight immune markers and neurocognitive performance in 99 HIV+ and 51 HIV- participants. Markers were selected on preliminary and putative evidence of their link to key neuro-immune functions. Cognitive performance was established using a battery of tests sensitive to HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment, with domain-based scores utilized in analysis. The markers Thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) a...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - August 5, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Beneficial and Adverse Effects of cART Affect Neurocognitive Function in HIV-1 Infection: Balancing Viral Suppression against Neuronal Stress and Injury
AbstractHIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist despite the successful introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). While insufficient concentration of certain antiretrovirals (ARV) may lead to incomplete viral suppression in the brain, many ARVs are found to cause neuropsychiatric adverse effects, indicating their penetration into the central nervous system (CNS). Several lines of evidence suggest shared critical roles of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, compromised neuronal energy homeostasis, and autophagy in the promotion of neuronal dysfunction associated with both HIV-1 infecti...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - August 5, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Inhibitory Control Deficits Associated with Upregulation of CB 1 R in the HIV-1 Tat Transgenic Mouse Model of Hand
AbstractIn the era of combined antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 infected individuals are living longer lives; however, longevity is met with an increasing number of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) diagnoses. The transactivator of transcription (Tat) is known to mediate the neurotoxic effects in HAND by acting directly on neurons and also indirectly via its actions on glia. The Go/No-Go (GNG) task was used to examine HAND in the Tat transgenic mouse model. The GNG task involves subjects discriminating between two stimuli sets in order to determine whether or not to inhibit a previously trained response. Data r...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - July 31, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles and their Potential to Contribute to the Repair of Damaged CNS Cells
AbstractNeurological diseases and disorders are leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Many of these pathologies are associated with high levels of neuroinflammation and irreparable tissue damage. As the global burden of these pathologies continues to rise there is a significant need for the development of novel therapeutics. Due to their multipotent properties, stem cells have broad applications for tissue repair; additionally, stem cells have been shown to possess both immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties. It is now believed that paracrine factors, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), play a critic...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - July 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Antiretroviral Drugs Promote Amyloidogenesis by De-Acidifying Endolysosomes
AbstractAntiretroviral therapeutics (ART) have effectively increased the long-term survival of HIV-1 infected individuals. However, the prevalence of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) has increased and so too have clinical manifestations and pathological features of Alzheimer ’s disease (AD) in people living with HIV-1/AIDS. Although underlying mechanisms are not clear, chronic exposure to ART drugs has been implicated in the development of AD-like symptoms and pathology. ART drugs are categorized according to their mechanism of action in controlling HIV-1 levels. All ART drugs are organic compounds that c...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - July 22, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Intranasal Delivery of lincRNA-Cox2 siRNA Loaded Extracellular Vesicles Decreases Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Proliferation in Mice
In this study, we found thatlincRNA-Cox2 controls the expression of a set of cell cycle genes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglial cells. Our in vitro study suggested that knocking downlincRNA-Cox2 reversed LPS-induced microglial proliferation. In addition, our in vivo study demonstrated that intranasally delivered lincRNA-Cox2-siRNA loaded EVs could reach the brain resulting in a significant decrease in the expression oflincRNA-Cox2 in the microglia. Importantly, lincRNA-Cox2-siRNA loaded EVs also decreased LPS-induced microglial proliferation in mice. These findings indicate that intranasal delivery of EV-lo...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - July 19, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Neuroprotective Effects of Genistein in a SOD1-G93A Transgenic Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
AbstractOxidant toxicity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), an insidiously progressive neurodegenerative disorder involving upper and lower motor neurons. Here, we investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of an anti-oxidant genistein in SOD1-G93A transgenic mouse model of ALS. Rotarod test, hanging wire test and hindlimb clasping test were used to determined disease onset and assess motor performance. Immunostaining together with neuronal size measurement were used to count viable motor neurons. In addition, immunostaining procedu...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - July 17, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Dopaminergic Pathways in Obesity-Associated Inflammation
We present an explanatory hypothesis with a model that integrate central and peripheral dopaminergic circuits in the relationship between neuroimmune and metabolic systems in obesity-associated inflammation. A perspective on the potential role of dopaminergic drugs in the context of obesity will be given.Graphical AbstractGraphical representation of central and peripheral dopaminergic pathways in obesity-associated inflammation (Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - July 16, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Overexpression of TIPE2, a Negative Regulator of Innate and Adaptive Immunity, Attenuates Cognitive Deficits in APP/PS1 Mice
In this study, we compared the gene and protein expres sions of TIPE2 between the APP/PS1 mice and the age-matched wild type (WT) mice at different stages of development using western blot and RT-qPCR. The hippocampal expression of the TIPE2 mRNA and protein in APP/PS1 mice was higher than that of the WT mice starting from 6Â months to 10Â months. Howev er, the difference of the TIPE2 expression between the APP/PS1 mice and the WT mice declined in a time-dependent manner. The spatial learning and memory deficit from the 8-month-old APP/PS1 mice was observed in the Y-maze test and fear conditioning task. Interestingly, over...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - July 7, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Haloperidol Reduces the Activity of Complement and Induces the Anti-Inflammatory Transformation of Peritoneal Macrophages in Rats
AbstractIt is known that psychotropic substances affect the immune system. Unfortunately, chronic antipsychotic administration causes side toxicological effects, associated with oxidative stress. The mechanisms of these effects are still unclear. We investigated the impact of sub-chronic administration of haloperidol (Hal) on parameters of innate immunity and related systems in healthy rats and compared them with Hal content. Hal administration (0.5  mg/kg, 3 weeks) resulted in two-fold decrease of the activity of the complement system and hemostasis. Hal content correlated with the activity of the complement (r = âˆ...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - July 5, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Cerebral Vascular Toxicity of Antiretroviral Therapy
AbstractHIV infection is associated with comorbidities that are likely to be driven not only by HIV itself, but also by the toxicity of long-term use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Indeed, increasing evidence demonstrates that the antiretroviral drugs used for HIV treatment have toxic effects resulting in various cellular and tissue pathologies. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a modulated anatomophysiological interface which separates and controls substance exchange between the blood and the brain parenchyma; therefore, it is particularly exposed to ART-induced toxicity. Balancing the health risks and gains of ART has t...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - June 16, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Glutamine Antagonist JHU083 Normalizes Aberrant Glutamate Production and Cognitive Deficits in the EcoHIV Murine Model of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
AbstractHIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) have been linked to dysregulation of glutamate metabolism in the central nervous system (CNS) culminating in elevated extracellular glutamate and disrupted glutamatergic neurotransmission. Increased glutamate synthesis via upregulation of glutaminase (GLS) activity in brain immune cells has been identified as one potential source of excess glutamate in HAND. However, direct evidence for this hypothesis in an animal model is lacking, and the viability of GLS as a drug target has not been explored. In this brief report, we demonstrate that GLS inhibition with the glutami...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - June 16, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Complex Delivery: Methods and Applications for Neuroinflammation
AbstractThe CRISPR/Cas9 system is a revolutionary gene editing technology that combines simplicity of use and efficiency of mutagenesis. As this technology progresses toward human therapies, valid concerns including off-target mutations and immunogenicity must be addressed. One approach to address these issues is to minimize the presence of the CRISPR/Cas9 components by maintaining a tighter temporal control of Cas9 endonuclease and reducing the time period of activity. This has been achieved to some degree by delivering the CRISPR/Cas9 system via pre-formed Cas9  + gRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. In this revie...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - June 5, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
