Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Alleviating CB2-Dependent ER Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Improves Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Induced Cognitive Impairment
AbstractAugmentation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may trigger excessive oxidative stress, which induces mitochondrial dysfunction. The fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor, URB597, shows anti-oxidation characteristics in multiple neurological disorders. The present study aimed to determine whether inhibition of ER stress was involved in the protective effects of URB597 against chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-induced cognitive impairment. Hippocampal HT-22 cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation. The cell viability, apoptosis, ER stress, mitochondrial ATP, and oxidative stress levels were assessed foll...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 12, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Peripheral MC1R Activation Modulates Immune Responses and is Neuroprotective in a Mouse Model of Parkinson ’s Disease
ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that peripherally acting NDP-MSH confers protection on dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons and reduces hyperactivated microglia. NDP-MSH modulates peripheral immune responses, and Tregs may be involved in the neuroprotective effect of NDP-MSH. (Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - December 19, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

β-Sitosterol Alleviates Neuropathic Pain by Affect Microglia Polarization through Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
AbstractThe etiology of neuropathic pain is mostly caused by mechanical deformation and neuroinflammation, of which neuroinflammation is the main cause of chronic neuropathic pain. Activation of the TLR4/NF- κB signaling pathway mediates elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, and we clearly demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro Western blot experiments that β-sitosterol significantly inhibited the elevated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression levels and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation associated with inflammatory responses. In cellular experiments, we clearly saw that both β-sitosterol and TLR4/NF-κB si...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - December 2, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Low-dose IL-2 Treatment Rescues Cognitive Deficits by Repairing the Imbalance Between Treg and Th17 Cells at the Middle Alzheimer ’s Disease Stage
AbstractMultiple studies highlight the role of effector and regulatory CD4+T cells in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer ’s disease, and foster low-dose IL-2 treatment which induces regulatory CD4+T (Treg) cells expansion and activation as a promising strategy for its treatment. However, studies demonstrating discrepant Treg functions in AD have been reported. In addition, a compromised immune system associated with aging may substantially impact on these processes. Here, we report that there is an altered balance of activity between Treg cells and IL-17-producing helper T (Th17) cells in periphery and brain of APP/PS1 mic...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 14, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Sertraline Pre-Treatment Attenuates Hemorrhagic Transformation Induced in Rats after Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion via Down Regulation of Neuronal CD163: Involvement of M1/M2 Polarization Interchange and Inhibiting Autophagy
In conclusion, Sert protected against cerebral I/R damage by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptotic process. It is worth mentioning that our study was the first to show that Sert inhibited hemorrhagic transformation.Graphical AbstractThe protective effect of sertraline against injury induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion via inhibiting Hemorrhagic transformation. (Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 13, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Edaravone Confers Neuroprotective, Anti-inflammatory, and Antioxidant Effects on the Fetal Brain of a Placental-ischemia Mouse Model
In conclusion, RUPP-placental ischemia mouse model could be a useful tool to further understand the underlying mechanisms of PE-induced child neuronal alterations. Edaravone could be a potential adjuvant therapy during PE to protect the developing fetal brain.Graphical AbstractThe current study investigated the effects of a placenta-induced ischemia mouse model using reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) surgery on the fetal brain development and the potential neuroprotective effects of the drug edaravone. The study found that the RUPP model caused neurodegeneration and a pro-inflammatory response in the developing fet...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 4, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Autonomic Neuropathy is Associated with More Densely Interconnected Cytokine Networks in People with HIV
AbstractThe autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a complex role in the regulation of the immune system, with generally inhibitory effects via activation of β-adrenergic receptors on immune cells. We hypothesized that HIV-associated autonomic neuropathy (HIV-AN) would result in immune hyperresponsiveness which could be depicted using network analyses. Forty-two adults with well-controlled HIV underwent autonomic testing to yield the Composite Autonomic Severity Score (CASS). The observed range of CASS was 2–5, consistent with normal to moderate HIV-AN. To construct the networks, participants were divided into 4 groups ba...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 4, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Elucidating the Therapeutic Utility of Olaparib in Sulfatide-Induced Human Astrocyte Toxicity and Neuroinflammation
AbstractMetachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a severe demyelinating, autosomal recessive genetic leukodystrophy, with no curative treatment. The disease is underpinned by mutations in the arylsulfatase A gene (ARSA), resulting in deficient activity of this lysosomal enzyme, and consequential accumulation of galactosylceramide-3-O-sulfate (sulfatide) in the brain. Most of the effects in the brain have been attributed to the accumulation of sulfatides in oligodendrocytes and their cell damage. In contrast, less is known regarding sulfatide toxicity in astrocytes. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are anti-cance...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 4, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

GPNMB Ameliorates Neuroinflammation Via the Modulation of AMPK/NF κB Signaling Pathway After SAH in Mice
AbstractGlycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) got its name from the first discovery in a cell line of non-metastatic melanoma. Later studies found that GPNMB is widely expressed in various tissues and cells of the human body, most abundant in neural tissue, epithelial tissue, bone tissue, and monocyte-macrophage system. GPNMB has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of neurological diseases, however, it has not been reported in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Male CD-1 mice were used and intra-arterial puncture method was applied to establish the SAH model. Exogenous recombinant GPNMB (...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 3, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid, Liver and Intima-media-thickness Biomarkers in Patients with HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorders Randomized to a Less Neurotoxic Treatment Regimen
AbstractThe prevalence of neurocognitive impairment in people living with HIV is estimated between 30 and 50%. The pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders is complex and multifactorial. Aim of the study was to measure the change in CSF biomarkers, Fibroscan and IMT measurements in PLWH with HAND randomized to a less neurotoxic regimen, or continuing their treatment.  Adult patients with HAND were screened and enrolled if presenting no major resistance associated mutations, no HIV viral replication, not on efavirenz or darunavir, with R5-tropic HIV and without major confounding conditions. Lumbar puncture, ...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - October 31, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Exposure Induces Autism-Like Neurobehavioral Changes in Male Neonatal Rats
AbstractRecent research on placental, embryo, and brain organoids suggests that the COVID-19 virus may potentially affect embryonic organs, including the brain. Given the established link between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and neuroinflammation, we sought to investigate the effects of exposure to this protein during pregnancy. We divided pregnant rats into three groups: Group 1 received a 1  ml/kg saline solution, Group 2 received 150 μg/kg adjuvant aluminum hydroxide (AAH), and Group 3 received 40 μg/kg spike protein + 150 μg/kg AAH at 10 and 14 days of gestation. On postnatal day 21 (P21), we randomly separated...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - October 27, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

5-HT4 Receptor is Protective for MPTP-induced Parkinson ’s Disease Mice Via Altering Gastrointestinal Motility or Gut Microbiota
In this study, we investigated the role of 5-HT4R as a regulator of gut function in MPTP-induced acute PD mice model. Daily intraperitoneal injection of GR 125487 (5-HT4R antagonist) was administered 3 days before MPTP treatment until sacrifice. Seven days post-MPTP treatment, feces were collected and gastrointestinal transit time (GITT) was measured, 8 days post-MPTP treatment, behavioral tests were performed, and then animals were sacrificed for the further analysis. We found GR 125487 pretreatment not only increased GITT, but also aggravated MPTP-induced motor bradykinesia. In addition, GR 125487 pretreatment exacerbate...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - October 2, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

SIRT2 Inhibition Rescues Neurodegenerative Pathology but Increases Systemic Inflammation in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer ’s Disease
In this study, we demonstrate that the specific SIRT2 inhibitor, the compound 33i, does not exhibit genotoxic or mutagenic properties. Moreover, pharmacological treatment with 33i, improved cognitive dysfunction and long-term potentiation, reducing amyloid pathology and neuroinflammation in the APP/PS1 AD mouse model. However, this treatment increased peripheral levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF, IL-6 and MCP-1. Accordingly, peripheral SIRT2 inhibition with the blood brain barrier impermeable compound AGK-2, worsened the cognitive capacities and increased systemic inflammation. The analysis of human samples ...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - September 12, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

PPAR ɑ Ligand Caudatin Improves Cognitive Functions and Mitigates Alzheimer’s Disease Defects By Inducing Autophagy in Mice Models
In this study, we investigated the anti-AD activity of Caudatin, an active constituent ofCynanchum otophyllum (a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Qing Yang Shen; QYS). We found that Caudatin can bind to PPAR α as a ligand and augment the expression of ALP in microglial cells and in the brain of 3XTg-AD mice model. Moreover, Caudatin could activate PPARα and transcriptionally regulates TFEB-augmented lysosomal degradation of Aβ and phosphor-Tau aggregates in AD cell models. Oral administration of Caud atin decreased AD pathogenesis and ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction in 3XTg-AD mouse model. Conclusively, Caudati...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - September 8, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

The Endolysosomal Transporter DMT1 is Required for Morphine Regulation of Neuronal Ferritin Heavy Chain
AbstractNeuroHIV and other neurologic disorders present with altered iron metabolism in central nervous system neurons. Many people with HIV also use opioids, which can worsen neuroHIV symptoms by further dysregulating neuronal iron metabolism. Our previous work demonstrated that the μ-opioid agonist morphine causes neuronal endolysosomes to release their iron stores, and neurons respond by upregulating ferritin heavy chain (FHC), an iron storage protein associated with cognitive impairment in neuroHIV. Here, we investigated if this process required divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), a well-known iron transporter expres...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - September 4, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research