Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

The Messenger Apps of the cell: Extracellular Vesicles as Regulatory Messengers of Microglial Function in the CNS
AbstractThe intense effort of investigators, in particular during the past decade, has highlighted the importance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes in regulating both innate and adaptive immunity in the course of a variety of infections, with clear implications for development of novel vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics. Current and future efforts now need to focus strongly on teasing apart the intricate and complex molecular mechanisms that operate during EV regulation of immunity. In this review, we discuss recent advances that bear on our current understanding of how EVs, including exosomes, can cont...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - April 26, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Greater Sensorimotor Deficits and Abnormally Lower Globus Pallidus Fractional Anisotropy in HIV+ Women than in HIV+ Men
ConclusionsThe relatively poorer sensorimotor function and abnormally lower GP_FA, suggesting lesser neuronal integrity, in HIV+ women demonstrate sex-specific effects from HIV-infection on these measures. These findings may be related to the greater immune activation and neuroinflammation in HIV+ women compared to HIV+ men.Graphical Abstract (Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - April 21, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Lidocaine Alleviates Neuropathic Pain and Neuroinflammation by Inhibiting HMGB1 Expression to Mediate MIP-1 α/CCR1 Pathway
This study aims to explore the effect of lidocaine in a rat model of spared nerve injury (SNI) and the underlying mechanism. An SNI model was established via nerve ligation. Two weeks after the SNI model was established, rats were intrathecally injected with lidocaine, an HMGB1 antibody (HMG Ab), an MIP-1α antibody (MIP-1α Ab), a CCR1 inhibitor (CCR1-RS) or a CCR5 antagonist (CCR5-Mar). Pain b ehaviors were assessed before and after model establishment to calculate the number of spontaneous flinches (NSF), paw withdrawal threshold (PWT), paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWL) and sciatic function index (SFI). Cell apoptosi...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - April 15, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Alterations of Brain Signal Oscillations in Older Individuals with HIV Infection and Parkinson ’s Disease
We examined the amplitudes of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) across different frequency bands of the BOLD signal in 30 older HIV-infected individuals, 33 older healthy controls, and 36 PD patients. Participants underwent resting-state fMRI, neurop sychological testing, and a clinical motor exam. HIV patients mainly showed abnormalities in cortical ALFF with reduced prefrontal amplitudes and enhanced sensorimotor and inferior temporal amplitudes. Frontal hypoactivation was overlapping for HIV and PD groups and different from controls. PD patie nts further exhibited reduced pallidum amplitudes compared to the other groups...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - April 13, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Neuroprotective Effect of Phthalide Derivative CD21 against Ischemic Brain Injury:Involvement of MSR1 Mediated DAMP peroxiredoxin1 Clearance and TLR4 Signaling Inhibition
This study investigated the effects of the phthalide derivative CD21 on ischemic brain injury and the mechanism underlying MSR1-induced resolution of neuroinflammation. Using a rat model of 2  h transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), MSR1-induced peroxiredoxin1 (PRX1) clearance in RAW264.7 macrophages were investigated. We show here that CD21 significantly ameliorated infarct volumes and neurological deficits in a dose-dependent manner with a ≥ 12 h therapeutic time w indow. Moreover, administration of 5 mg/kg/day CD21 over 24 h significantly reduced pathological damages, with associated inhibition of...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - April 13, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Impairs CD8 + T Cell-Mediated Activation of Astrocytes
The objective of this investigation was to assess the effects of THC treatment on CD8+ T cell-mediated activation of astrocytes. CD3/CD28/IFN α- stimulated CD8+ T cells were treated with vehicle (0.03% EtOH) or THC and cocultured with U251 astrocytes. IP-10+, MCP-1+, and IL-6+ astrocytes were quantified by flow cytometry. LegendPlex ™ was used to measure cytokine secretion by CD8+ T cells and flow cytometry was employed to quantify IFN γ, TNFα, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) expression. Recombinant TNFα and IFNγ were used to stimulate MCP-1, IP-10, IL-6 responses in U251 astrocytes, which were ...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - March 25, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Associations between Antiretrovirals and Cognitive Function in Women with HIV
AbstractCognitive complications persist in antiretroviral therapy(ART)-treated people with HIV. However, the pattern and severity of domain-specific cognitive performance is variable and may be exacerbated by ART-mediated neurotoxicity. 929 women with HIV(WWH) from the Women ’s Interagency HIV Study who were classified into subgroups based on sociodemographic and longitudinal behavioral and clinical data using semi-parametric latent class trajectory modelling. Five subgroups were comprised of: 1) well-controlled HIV with vascular comorbidities(n = 116); 2) profound HIV legacy effects(CD4 nadir<250 cells/ μL;n =...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - March 23, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Crohn ’s and Parkinson’s Disease-Associated LRRK2 Mutations Alter Type II Interferon Responses in Human CD14 + Blood Monocytes Ex Vivo
AbstractThe Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) is one of causative genes of familial Parkinson ’s disease (PD). The M2397T polymorphism inLRRK2 is genetically associated with sporadic Crohn ’s disease (CD). LRRK2 is expressed in human CD14+ monocytes, induced by interferon- γ (IFN-γ) and suppresses inflammatory activation. We hypothesize that IFN-γ-induced LRRK2 and inflammatory gene expression is altered byLRRK2 genetic polymorphism found in CD and PD cases. A total of 46 CD and 51 control cases, and 16 PD cases and 16 PD-linkedLRRK2 mutation cases were recruited. Live human CD14+ monocytes were isolated from don...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - March 15, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Analgesic Effects of Cannabinoids for Chronic Non-cancer Pain: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Meta-Regression
AbstractThere is growing interest in using cannabinoids for chronic pain. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of cannabinoids for chronic non-cancer pain. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL andclinicaltrials.gov were searched up to December 2018. Information on the type, dosage, route of administration, pain conditions, pain scores, and adverse events were extracted for qualitative analysis. Meta-analysis of analgesic efficacy was performed. Meta-regression was performed to compare the analgesic efficacy for ...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - March 13, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

The far-reaching HAND of cART: cART effects on astrocytes
AbstractFollowing the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the morbidity and mortality from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been drastically curtailed and HIV has now become a chronic manageable disease. Persons living with HIV (PLWH) are living longer and experiencing significant co-morbidities and conditions of aging. NeuroHIV, clinically defined as HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) and pathologically manifested by persistent inflammation in the CNS despite cART, is a significant co-morbid condition for PLWH. In the pre-cART era, HIV mediated much of the pathogenesis in...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - March 8, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Dopaminergic and Adrenergic Pathways as Targets for Drug Repurposing in the Neuroimmune Network
AbstractDopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline are catecholamines, and are all produced along the same metabolic pathway. Their discovery dates back to the early 1900s, and they were appreciated until the second half of the century mainly for their role in the brain and in the regulation of autonomic functions. Nonetheless, in the 1970s characterization of the key role of sympathoadrenergic nerve fibers in the cross-talk between the brain and the immune system paved the way to the raise of modern neuroimmunology, and understanding the immune effects of dopamine occurred in the subsequent decades. Both adrenergic and dopami...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - February 25, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Immune and Inflammatory Determinants Underlying Alzheimer ’s Disease Pathology
This study examines the link between peripheral immune changes in perpetuation of the Alzheimer ’s disease (AD) neuropathology and cognitive deficits. Our research design using human AD patients and rodent model is supported by past evidence from genomic studies. We observed an active immune response against Aβ as indicated by the increased Aβ specific IgG antibody in the serum of AD and p atients with mild cognitive impairments as compared to healthy controls. A similar increase in IgG and decrease in IgM antibody against Aβ was also confirmed in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. More importantly, we observed a negative c...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - February 23, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Effect of Dolutegravir and Sertraline on the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)
(Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 14, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Associations between Antiretroviral Drugs on Depressive Symptomatology in Homogenous Subgroups of Women with HIV
We examined associations between ART-agents and depressive symptoms among similar subgroups of women with HIV from the Women ’s Interagency HIV Study. The patterns of associations depended on sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics of women. (Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 12, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Calycosin Preserves BDNF/TrkB Signaling and Reduces Post-Stroke Neurological Injury after Cerebral Ischemia by Reducing Accumulation of Hypertrophic and TNF- α-Containing Microglia in Rats
This study was a prospective, randomized, blinded and placebo-controlled preclinical experiment. Sprague-Dawley adult rats, subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), were treated randomly with 0 (corn oil and/or saline as placebo), 30  mg/kg of Calycosin and/or 1 mg/kg of a tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor antagonist (ANA12) at 1 h after reperfusion and once daily for a total of 7 consecutive days. BDNF and its functional receptor, full-length TrkB (TrkB-FL) levels, the percentage of hypertrophic microglia, tumor n ecrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-containing microgl...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 10, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research