Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of Glia Maturation Factor Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics by Attenuation of the NRF2/HO-1 Dependent Ferritin Activation in Glial Cells
In this study, we examined the effect of GMF editing by using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique in BV2 microglial cells (hereafter referred to as BV2-G) on oxidative stress and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/Hemeoxygenase1 (HO-1)-dependent ferritin activation after treatment with (1- methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) MPP+. Knockout of GMF in BV2-G cells significantly attenuated oxidative stress via reduced ROS production and calcium flux. Furthermore, deficiency of GMF significantly reduced nuclear translocation of NRF2, which modulates HO-1 and ferritin activation, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and nitric oxide synthase 2...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - February 27, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Can Our Guts Tell Us Anything About MS?
(Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - February 15, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Adrenergic Modulation of Hematopoiesis
AbstractHematopoiesis produce every day billions of blood cells and takes place in the bone marrow (BM) by the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). HSC are found mainly adjacent to the BM vascular sinusoids where endothelial cells and mesenchimal stromal cells promote HSC maintenance by producing a variety of factors. Other cell types that regulate HSC niches include sympathetic nerves, non –myelinating Schwann cells and a variety of mature hematopoietic cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and megakaryocytes. This review will focus on the role of adrenergic signals, i.e. of catecholami...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - February 14, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Inhibition of Bruton ’s Tyrosine Kinase Modulates Microglial Phagocytosis: Therapeutic Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease
AbstractBruton ’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), a critical component of B cell receptor signaling, has recently been implicated in regulation of the peripheral innate immune response. However, the role of BTK in microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system, and its involvement in the pathob iology of neurodegenerative disease has not been explored. Here we found that BTK is a key regulator of microglial phagocytosis. Using potent BTK inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA) against BTK, we observed that blockade of BTK activity decreased activation of phospholipase gamma 2, a recen tly identifie...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - February 13, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Dissociable Contributions of Precuneus and Cerebellum to Subjective and Objective Neuropathy in HIV
This study was conducted in 109 healthy controls and 57 HIV-infected individuals to investigate CNS regions associated with neuropathy. An index of objective neuropathy was computed based on 4 measures: deep tendon ankle reflex, vibration sense (great toes), position sense (great toes), and 2-point discrimination (feet). Subjective neuropathy (self-report of pain, aching, or burning; pins and needles; or numbness in legs or feet) was also evaluated. Structural MRI data were available for 126/166 cases. The HIV relative to the healthy control group was impaired on all 4 signs of neuropathy. Within the HIV group, an objectiv...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - February 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Editor ’s Commentary for Special Issue: “The Role of Macrophages in HIV Persistence”
AbstractMacrophages as reservoirs for persistent HIV infection has gained renewed importance, with an intense research focus dedicated to eradication strategies. Clearance of both latent and productive HIV from these important reservoirs is essential for successful eradication. This spe cial theme issue contains 11 papers, including 6 Invited Reviews, 1 Brief Report and 4 Original Articles, that focus on the various aspects of the macrophage as pertains to HIV persistence, latency and cure. These topics include: functional latency of macrophages and microglia, the link between peripheral monocytes and pathogenesis, macroph...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - February 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

In Appreciation for a Job Well Done!
(Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - February 8, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Ultrasensitive Detection of Aggregated α-Synuclein in Glial Cells, Human Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Brain Tissue Using the RT-QuIC Assay: New High-Throughput Neuroimmune Biomarker Assay for Parkinsonian Disorders
AbstractAdult-onset neurodegenerative disorders, like Parkinson ’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), that share the accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein (αSynagg) as their hallmark molecular pathology are collectively known as α-synucleinopathies. Diagnosing α-synucleinopathies requires the post-mortem detection of αSynagg in various brain regions. Recent efforts to measure αSynagg in living patients include quantifying αSynagg in different biofluids as a biomarker for PD. We adopted the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay to detect very low levels of αSynagg. We first optimized...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 31, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Targeting the Dopaminergic System in Autoimmunity
AbstractDopamine has emerged as a fundamental regulator of inflammation. In this regard, it has been shown that dopaminergic signalling pathways are key players promoting homeostasis between the central nervous system and the immune system. Dysregulation in the dopaminergic system affects both innate and adaptive immunity, contributing to the development of numerous autoimmune and inflammatory pathologies. This makes dopamine receptors interesting therapeutic targets for either the development of new treatments or repurposing of already available pharmacological drugs. Dopamine receptors are broadly expressed on different ...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 19, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Monocyte and Lymphocyte Activation and Regulation in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Therapy Effects
AbstractAnalysis of gut barrier status, monocyte and lymphocyte activation and T regulatory (Treg) cells at diagnosis before and after therapy, in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Analysis of differential effects of interferon beta (IFN- β), glatiramer acetate (GA) and natalizumab. Thirty-five patients with untreated MS were included. Gut barrier status (serum concentrations of intestinal fatty acid binding protein), monocyte (serum levels of soluble CD14, soluble CD163 and interleukin 6) and T lymphocyte activation (CD4 + DR+ and CD8 + DR+) and Treg (CD4 + CD25highFoxP3+) cells were analyzed. Patients w...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 16, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Protective Effects of 1-Methylnicotinamide on A β 1–42 -Induced Cognitive Deficits, Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis in Mice
AbstractThe neurotoxicity of A β peptides has been well documented, but effective neuroprotective approaches against Aβ neurotoxicity are unavailable. In the present study, we investigated effects of 1-Methylnicotinamide (MNA), known as a main metabolite of nicotinamide (NA), on the impairment of learning and memory induced by Aβ and the underlying mechanisms. We found that intragastric administration of MNA at 100 or 200 mg/kg for 3 weeks significantly reversed bilateral intrahippocampal injection of Aβ1 –42-induced cognitive impairments in the Morris water maze (MWM), Y-maze and Novel object recognition tests. Fu...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Broad Spectrum Mixed Lineage Kinase Type 3 Inhibition and HIV-1 Persistence in Macrophages
AbstractMixed lineage kinases (MLKs) are a group of serine-threonine kinases that evolved in part to respond to endogenous and exogenous insults that result in oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory responses from innate immune cells. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) thrives in these conditions and is associated with the development of associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). As part of a drug discovery program to identify new therapeutic strategies for HAND, we created a library of broad spectrum MLK inhibitors with drug-like properties. Serendipitously, the lead compound, URMC-099 has proved useful not only ...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 7, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonists in Parkinson ’s Disease and Other Synucleinopathies
AbstractEvidence supporting the use of β2AR agonists in synucleinopathies is rapidly growing. Findings come from different scientific approaches. Molecular and immunological data suggest that adrenergic stimulation may decrease both α-synuclein (α-syn) deposition and pro-inflammatory/neurotoxic molecules release. Small open label clin ical trials including a total number of 25 Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, in which the β2AR agonist salbutamol was added to levodopa, suggest a promising symptomatic benefit. In line with these findings, epidemiological studies investigating the risk of PD development suggest that l...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 7, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Letter to Editor
(Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - December 12, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Role of Macrophage Dopamine Receptors in Mediating Cytokine Production: Implications for Neuroinflammation in the Context of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
AbstractDespite the success of combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART), around 50% of HIV-infected individuals still display a variety of neuropathological and neurocognitive sequelae known as NeuroHIV. Current research suggests these effects are mediated by long-term changes in CNS function in response to chronic infection and inflammation, and not solely due to active viral replication. In the post-cART era, drug abuse is a major risk-factor for the development of NeuroHIV, and increases extracellular dopamine in the CNS. Our lab has previously shown that dopamine can increase HIV infection of primary human macrophage...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - December 5, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research