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Molecular Imaging of Neuroinflammation in HIV
AbstractThe development of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has increased the lifespan of persons living with HIV (PLWH), with most PLWH having a normal life expectancy. While significant progress has occurred, PLWH continue to have multiple health complications, including HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). While the exact cause of HAND is not known, persistent neuroinflammation is hypothesized to be an important potential contributor. Molecular imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) can non-invasively evaluate neuroinflammation. PET radiotracers specific for increased expression of the translo...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - December 5, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Reply to Letter to the Editor
(Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - December 1, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

CNS-Wide over Expression of Fractalkine Improves Cognitive Functioning in a Tauopathy Model
AbstractAccumulating evidence increasingly implicates regulation of neuroinflammation as a potential therapeutic target in Alzheimer ’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Fractalkine (FKN) is a unique chemokine that is expressed and secreted by neurons and reduces expression of pro-inflammatory genes. To further demonstrate the utility of agents that increase FKN signaling throughout the central nervous system as possible therapies for AD, we assessed the impact of soluble FKN (sFKN) over expression on cognition in tau depositing rTg450 mice after the onset of cognitive deficits. Using adeno-associated virus ...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 29, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Osteopontin Attenuates Secondary Neurodegeneration in the Thalamus after Experimental Stroke
AbstractCortical cerebral ischemia elicits neuroinflammation as well as secondary neuronal degeneration in remote areas. Locally distinct and specific secondary neurodegeneration affecting thalamic nuclei connected to cortical areas highlights such processes. Osteopontin (OPN) is a cytokine-like glycoprotein that is excreted in high amounts after cerebral ischemia and exerts various immunomodulatory functions. We here examined putative protective effects of OPN in secondary thalamic degeneration. We subjected male Wistar rats to photothrombosis and subsequently injected OPN or placebo intracerebroventricularly. Immunohisto...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 28, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Melatonin Rescue Oxidative Stress-Mediated Neuroinflammation/ Neurodegeneration and Memory Impairment in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia Mice Model
AbstractCognitive decline and memory impairment induced by oxidative brain damage are the critical pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer ’s disease (AD). Based on the potential neuroprotective effects of melatonin, we here explored the possible underlying mechanisms of the protective effect of melatonin against scopolamine-induced oxidative stress-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, which ultimately results in synapt ic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. According to our findings, scopolamine administration resulted in LPO and ROS generation and decreased the protein levels of antioxidant...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 27, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research