Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy in the Central Nervous System: Beyond Viral Suppression
AbstractPersistence of cognitive, behavioral and, to a lesser extent, motor dysfunction in People living with HIV (PLWH) despite viral suppression has raised the question about the potential contribution of antiretroviral (ARV) compounds themselves. Converging clinical and experimental evidence support a contribution of ARV compounds. In this issue we explore the existing clinical evidence on the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the CNS across the age continuum and in women. We further examine cell type specific effects of ARV drugs as well as the class specific effects. Finally, underlying mechanisms for the obse...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - March 2, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Expression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transactivator of Transcription (HIV-Tat 1-86 ) Protein Alters Nociceptive Processing that is Sensitive to Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Interventions
AbstractDespite the success of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in reducing viral load, a substantial portion of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)+ patients report chronic pain. The exact mechanism underlying this co-morbidity even with undetectable viral load remains unknown, but the transactivator of transcription (HIV-Tat) protein is of particular interest. Functional HIV-Tat protein is observed even in cerebrospinal fluid of patients who have an undetectable viral load. It is hypothesized that Tat protein exposure is sufficient to induce neuropathic pain-like manifestations via both activation of microglia and g...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - February 22, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Prolonged Peripheral Immunosuppressive Responses as Consequences of Random Amphetamine Treatment, Amphetamine Withdrawal and Subsequent Amphetamine Challenges in Rats
AbstractDrug-induced immunosuppression may underline increased hypothalamic –pituitary–adrenal axis response to stress observed following chronic psychostimulant treatment. However, the consequences of random amphetamine (AMPH) treatment, withdrawal and AMPH challenge after withdrawal on the peripheral immunity and systemic corticosterone response are unknown. In this s tudy, the total blood and spleen leukocyte, lymphocyte, T, B, NK, TCD4+/TCD8+ cell numbers and ratio, pro-inflammatory interferon gamma (IFN- γ), and anti-inflammatory interleukin-4 (IL-4) production, and plasma corticosterone concentration in Wistar r...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - February 13, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

A Role for Extracellular Vesicles in SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics and Prevention
AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are the common designation for ectosomes, microparticles and microvesicles serving dominant roles in intercellular communication. Both  viable and dying cells release EVs to the extracellular environment for transfer of cell, immune and infectious materials. Defined morphologically as lipid bi-layered structures EVs show molecular, biochemical, distribution, and entry mechanisms similar to viruses within cells and tissues. In re cent years their functional capacities have been harnessed to deliver biomolecules and drugs and immunological agents to specific cells and organs of interes...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - February 5, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Mutations of Human DopamineTransporter at Tyrosine88, Aspartic Acid206, and Histidine547 Influence Basal and HIV-1 Tat ‐inhibited Dopamine Transport
This study determined the mutational effects of human dopamine transporter (hDAT) on basal and Tat-induced inhibition of dopamine transport. Compared to wild-type hDAT, the maximal velocity (Vmax) of [3H]dopamine uptake was decreased in D381L and Y88F/D206L/H547A, increased in D206L/H547A, and unaltered in D206L. Recombinant TatR1  − 86 inhibited dopamine uptake in wild-type hDAT, which was attenuated in either DAT mutants (D206L, D206L/H547A, and Y88F/D206L/H547A) or mutated TatR1  − 86 (K19A and C22G), demonstrating perturbed Tat-DAT interaction. Mutational effects of hDAT on the transporter conformation were...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - February 3, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Repurposing of Tetracyclines for COVID-19 Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Manifestations: A Valid Option to Control SARS-CoV-2-Associated Neuroinflammation?
AbstractThe recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has gained considerable attention worldwide due to its increased potential to spread and infect the general population. COVID-19 primarily targets the human respiratory epithelium but also has neuro-invasive potential. Indeed, neuropsychiatric manifestations, such as fatigue, febrile seizures, psychiatric symptoms, and delirium, are consistently observed in COVID-19. The neurobiological basis of neuropsychiatric COVID-19 symptoms is not fully understood. However, previous evidence about systemic viral infections pointed to an ongoing neuroinflammatory respo...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - February 3, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Pretreatment of Indobufen and Aspirin and their Combinations with Clopidogrel or Ticagrelor Alleviates Inflammasome Mediated Pyroptosis Via Inhibiting NF- κB/NLRP3 Pathway in Ischemic Stroke
In this study, we investigated the protective efficiency of pretreatment of indobufen or aspirin combined with clopidogrel or ticagrelor (IACT) on cerebral ischemic injury via NF- κB/NLRP3 pathway. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was simulated in vivo by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model, and rats were pretreated with indobufen and aspirin and their combinations with clopidogrel or ticagrelor respectively. The platelet aggregation, cerebral infarc t size, water content, neurological impairment and LDH release were measured. The relative expression of inflammasome mediated pyroptosis was determi...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 29, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Intrathecal Administration of an Anti ‐nociceptive Non-CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Reduces Glial Activation and Central Sensitization
AbstractInflammatory pain associates with spinal glial activation and central sensitization. Systemic administration of IMT504, a non-CpG oligodeoxynucleotide originally designed as an immunomodulator, exerts remarkable anti-allodynic effects in rats with complete Freund ´s adjuvant (CFA)-induced hindpaw inflammation. However, the anti-nociceptive mechanisms of IMT504 remain unknown. Here we evaluated whether IMT504 blocks inflammatory pain-like behavior by modulation of spinal glia and central sensitization. The study was performed in Sprague Dawley rats with intr aplantar CFA, and a single lumbosacral intrathecal (i.t.)...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 27, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Immunomodulatory Potential of Cannabidiol in Multiple Sclerosis: a Systematic Review
AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Efficacy of treatments for MS is associated with risk of adverse effects, and effective and well-tolerated drugs remain a major unmet need. Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L., fam. Cannabaceae) and cannabinoids are popular among MS patients to treat spasticity and pain. Cannabinoids are endowed with remarkable immunomodulating properties, and in particular the non-psychotropic cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) is increasingly recognized as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive, nevertheless with excellent tolerability even ...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 25, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Purinergic Signaling of ATP in COVID-19 Associated Guillain-Barr é Syndrome
AbstractDeclared as a global public health emergency, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is presented as a disease of the respiratory tract, although severe cases can affect the entire organism. Several studies have shown neurological symptoms, ranging from dizziness and loss of consciousness to cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, Guillain-Barr é syndrome, an immune-mediated inflammatory neuropathy, has been closely associated with critical cases of infection with “severe acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of COVID-19. Its pathophysiology is r...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 18, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

ACE-2-interacting Domain of SARS-CoV-2 (AIDS) Peptide Suppresses Inflammation to Reduce Fever and Protect Lungs and Heart in Mice: Implications for COVID-19 Therapy
AbstractCOVID-19 is an infectious respiratory illness caused by the virus strain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and until now, there is no effective therapy against COVID-19. Since SARS-CoV-2 binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for entering into host cells, to target COVID-19 from therapeutic angle, we engineered a hexapeptide corresponding to the ACE2-interacting domain of SARS-CoV-2 (AIDS) that inhibits the association between receptor-binding domain-containing spike S1 and ACE-2. Accordingly, wild type (wt), but not mutated (m), AIDS peptide inhibited SARS-CoV-2 spike S1-induced...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 11, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Immunoproteasome Inhibitor ONX-0914 Affects Long-Term Potentiation in Murine Hippocampus
(Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 6, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Pharmacotherapeutics of SARS-CoV-2 Infections
AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 38 million people world-wide by person to person transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therapeutic and preventative strategies for SARS-CoV-2 remains a significant challenge. Within the past several months, effective treatment options have emerged and now include repurposed antivirals, corticosteroids and virus-specific antibodies. The latter has included convalescence plasma and monoclonal antibodies. Complete viral eradication will be achieved through an effective, safe and preventative vaccine. To now provide a comprehensive...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 6, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Is COVID-19 Gender-sensitive?
AbstractWhile clinical characteristics exhibit that susceptibility to COVID-19 infection is equally likely between males and females, clinical outcomes show that males experience both a higher severity and fatality for COVID-19 infection than females. This review examines the evidence for these sex and gender differences and aims to illustrate possible mechanisms behind such sensitivity. Successful entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the body is dependent on the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Thus, sex-based differences in the expression of the ACE2 receptor and TMPR...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 6, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

SARS-COV2 Alters Blood Brain Barrier Integrity Contributing to Neuro-Inflammation
(Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 6, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research