Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Cerebrospinal Fluid CXCL13 as Candidate Biomarker of Intrathecal Immune Activation, IgG Synthesis and Neurocognitive Impairment in People with HIV
We described CSF CXCL13 levels and its potential associations with neurological outcomes. Cross-sectional study enrolling PLWH without confounding for CXCL13 production. Subjects were divided according to CSF HIV-RNA in undetectable (<  20 cp/mL) and viremics. CSF CXCL13, and biomarkers of blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment, intrathecal synthesis, and immune activation were measured by commercial immunoturbidimetric and ELISA assays. All subjects underwent neurocognitive assessment. Sensitivity analyses were conducted in subjec ts with intact BBB only. 175 participants were included. Detectable CSF CXCL13 was more co...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - May 11, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Role of Dysregulated Autophagy in HIV Tat, Cocaine, and cART Mediated NLRP3 Activation in Microglia
This study thus underscores the cooperative effects of HIV Tat, cocaine, and cART in exacerbating microglial activation involving dysregulated autophagy and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.Graphical Abstract (Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - May 6, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Long-term Stimulation of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Rescues Hemorrhagic Neuron Loss via Apoptosis of M1 Microglia
AbstractWe previously revealed that long-term treatment with nicotine suppresses microglial activation, resulting in a protective effect against thrombin-induced shrinkage of the striatal tissue in organotypic slice cultures. Here, the effect of nicotine on impaired M1 and protective M2 microglial polarization was investigated using the BV-2 microglial cell line in the presence or absence of thrombin. Following nicotine treatment, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression transiently increased and then gradually decreased until 14 days. Treatment with nicotine for 14 days slightly polarized M0 microglia to M2b and d ...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - May 5, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

L-carnitine Modulates Cognitive Impairment Induced by Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide in Rats; Insights to Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Synaptic Plasticity, Liver/brain, and Kidney/brain Axes
AbstractChemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment in cancer patients is known as"chemobrain". Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide are two chemotherapeutic agents used in combination to treat solid tumors. L-carnitine was reported for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The goal of the present study was to elucidate the neuroprotective effect of L-carnitine against chemobrain induced by Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide in rats. Rats were divided into five groups: Control group; Doxorubicin (4mg/kg, IV) and Cyclophosphamide (40mg/kg, IV)-treated group; two L-carnitine-treated groups (150 and 300mg/kg, i...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - May 4, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Emphasizing the Crosstalk Between Inflammatory and Neural Signaling in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
AbstractPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic incapacitating condition with recurrent experience of trauma-related memories, negative mood, altered cognition, and hypervigilance. Agglomeration of preclinical and clinical evidence in recent years specified that alterations in neural networks favor certain characteristics of PTSD. Besides the disruption of hypothalamus-pituitary-axis (HPA) axis, intensified immune status with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and arachidonic metabolites of COX-2 such as PGE2 creates a putative scenario in worsening the neurobehavioral facet of PTSD. This review aims to link th...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - April 25, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Modafinil Improves Autism-like Behavior in Rats by Reducing Neuroinflammation
AbstractTo evaluate the ameliorating effect of Modafinil on neuroinflammation, behavioral, and histopathological alterations in rats induced by propionic acid (PPA). Thirty male Wistar rats were used in the study, divided into 3 groups of ten subjects. One group served as a control, the subjects in the other two were given 250  mg/kg/day of PPA by intraperitoneal injection over the course of 5 days to induce autism. The experimental design was as follows: Group 1: Normal control (orally-fed control, n = 10); Group 2 (PPA + saline, n = 10): PPA and 1 ml/kg/day % 0.9 NaCl saline via oral gavage; Group 3 (PPAâ€...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - April 12, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

CIDP: Analysis of Immunomarkers During COVID-19 mRNA-Vaccination and IVIg-Immunomodulation: An Exploratory Study
This study was registered in the German clinical trial register (DRKS00025759).Graphical AbstractOverview over the study design. Blood samples of CIDP patients on recurrent IVIg treatment and vaccination with a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine were obtained at four timepoints for cytokine ELISA and flow cytometry, to assess key cytokines and cellular immunomarkers for disease activity and IVIg-immunomodulation in CIDP. (Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - March 16, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Inflammatory Cytokines Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Directly Induce Alterations of Neuronal Cytoarchitecture in Human Neurons
Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) coined by inflammation and neurodegeneration. The actual cause of the neurodegenerative component of the disease is however unclear. We investigated here the direct and differential effects of inflammatory mediators on human neurons. We used embryonic stem cell-derived (H9) human neuronal stem cells (hNSC) to generate neuronal cultures. Neurons were subsequently treated with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF α), interferon gamma (IFNγ), granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 17A (IL-...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - March 2, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

PCSK9 Inhibition Reduces Depressive like Behavior in CUMS-Exposed Rats: Highlights on HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4 Pathway, NLRP3 Inflammasome Complex and IDO-1
AbstractAmple evidence has pointed to a close link between cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and depression. Inflammatory pathways including the high-mobility-group-box-1 protein, receptor-for-advanced-glycation-end-products and toll-like-receptor-4 (HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4) and nucleotide-binding domain (NOD) –like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathways are thought to be crucial players in this link. Activation of these pathways ends by releasing of different inflammatory mediators involved in CVD and depression pathophysiology. In the brain, this inflammatory process enhanced indoleamine2,3- dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) activat...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - February 13, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Potential Therapeutic Effects of Policosanol from Insect Wax on Caenorhabditis elegans Models of Parkinson ’s Disease
This study aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of policosanol derived from insect wax (PIW) by investigating improvements in disease symptoms represented inCaenorhabditis elegans models of PD. For our assessments, we used the following three models: NL5901, which is a transgenic model for α-synuclein aggregation; wild-type N2 induced with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA); and 6-OHDA-induced BZ555 as a model for loss of dopaminergic neurons (DNs). Specifically, we examined the effects of PIW treatment on α-synuclein aggregation, the loss of DNs, lipid abundance, and the lifespan of treate d organisms. Further, w...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 13, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor Pharmacological Agonist Relieves Neurocognitive Deficits via Reducing Neuroinflammation and Microglial Engulfment of Dendritic Spines
AbstractMechanically ventilated patients suffering  critical illness are at high risk of developing neurocognitive impairments. Angiotensin type 2 receptor (AGTR2) has been demonstrated to be anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective. The present study thus aimed to investigate whether AGTR2 can alleviate cerebral dysfunction in mice subjected to cocha llenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mechanical ventilation (MV), and to reveal the underlying mechanism. We utilized a mice model that received a single injection of LPS (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) followed 2 h later by MV (10 ml/kg, lasting for 2 h). Pretreatment wit...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - December 5, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

The Role of CD4+ T Cells in the Immunotherapy of Brain Disease by Secreting Different Cytokines
AbstractUpon different stimulation, na ïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into various subsets of T helper (Th) cells, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and Tregs. They play both protective and pathogenic roles in the central nervous system (CNS) by secreting different cytokines. Failure of the homeostasis of the subgroups in the CNS can result in different brain diseases. Recently, immunotherapy has drawn more and more attention in the therapy of various brain diseases. Here, we describe the role of different CD4+ T cell subsets and their secreted cytokines in various brain diseases, as well as the ways in which by affecting CD4+ T ...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 29, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Oral GSH Exerts a Therapeutic Effect on Experimental Salmonella Meningitis by Protecting BBB Integrity and Inhibiting Salmonella-induced Apoptosis
AbstractBacterial meningitis (BM) is the main cause of the central nervous system (CNS) infection and continues to be an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Glutathione (GSH), an endogenous tripeptide antioxidant, has been proved to exert crucial role in reducing superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrites. The purpose of this study is to expand the application scope of GSH via exploring its therapeutic effect on BM caused bySalmonella typhimurium SL1344 and then provide a novel approach for the treatment of BM. The results suggested that intragastric administration of GSH could significantly increase...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 24, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

TAAR1 Regulates Purinergic-induced TNF Secretion from Peripheral, But Not CNS-resident, Macrophages
AbstractTrace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is an established neuroregulatory G protein-coupled receptor with recent studies suggesting additional functions related to immunomodulation. Our lab has previously investigated TAAR1 expression within cells of the innate immune system and herein we aim to further elucidate TAAR1 function in both peripherally-derived and CNS-resident macrophages. The selective TAAR1 agonist RO5256390 was used in combination with common damage associated molecular patterns (ATP and ADP) to observe the effect of TAAR1 agonism on modulating cytokine secretion and metabolic profiles. In mouse b...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 16, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Commentary
(Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - September 2, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research