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Inhibition of Microglial NLRP3 with MCC950 Attenuates Microglial Morphology and NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1 β Signaling In Stress-induced Mice
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that microglial NLRP3 inhibition prevents stress-induced neuroinflammation in the prefrontal cortex and suggests that microglial NLRP3 could be one o f the potential therapeutic targets for depression treatment.Graphic Abstract (Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - January 3, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

The Neuroimmune Pharmacology of SARS-CoV-2
AbstractThis guest commentary introduces “The Neuroimmune Pharmacology of SARS-CoV-2,” a special theme issue forThe Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology led by the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology. The issue builds on the Society ’s Virtual Workshop on COVID-19 held April 9, 2021.Graphical abstractTop row from left: Drs. Santosh Kumar, Sowmya Yelamanchili, Pankaj Seth, Jean M. Bidlack; Bottom row from left: Drs. Gurudutt Pendyala, Sanjay Maggirwar, and Sulie L. Chang. (Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - December 22, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Correction to: Mitochondrial Dynamics in SARS ‑COV2 Spike Protein Treated Human Microglia: Implications for Neuro‑COVID
(Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - December 11, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Melatonin: Revisited Role as Vaccine Adjuvant During Outbreaks of COVID-19 Caused by the Delta Variant
(Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 30, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

The Impact of Alcohol-Induced Dysbiosis on Diseases and Disorders of the Central Nervous System
AbstractThe human digestive tract contains a diverse and abundant microbiota that is important for health. Excessive alcohol use can disrupt the balance of these microbes (known as dysbiosis), leading to elevated blood endotoxin levels and systemic inflammation. Using QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) bioinformatics tool, we have confirmed that peripheral endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) mediates various cytokines to enhance the neuroinflammation signaling pathway. The literature has identified alcohol-mediated neuroinflammation as a  possible risk factor for the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, in...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 29, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

A Review on the Role of Endogenous Neurotrophins and Schwann Cells in Axonal Regeneration
AbstractInjury to the peripheral nerve is traditionally referred to acquired nerve injury as they are the result of physical trauma due to laceration, stretch, crush and compression of nerves. However, peripheral nerve injury may not be completely limited to acquired physical trauma. Peripheral nerve injury equally implies clinical conditions like Guillain-Barr é syndrome (GBS), Carpal tunnel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. Physical trauma is commonly mono-neuropathic as it engages a single nerve and produces focal damage, while in the context of pathological conditions the damage is divergent involving a gro...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 29, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

The COVID-19 Pandemic: Reflections of Science, Person, and Challenge in Academic Research Settings
AbstractIn spring of 2021, the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology (SNIP) organized a virtual workshop on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The daylong event ’s fourth and final symposium, “Well-being and reflections,” offered a glimpse at the pandemic’s impact on the lives of our scientists and educators. This manuscript includes a brief summary of the symposium, a transcription of our incoming president Dr. Santosh Kumar’s lecture, titled “ Intervention and improved well-being of basic science researchers during the COVID-19 era: a case study,” and the panel discussion that followed, “Reflection an...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 26, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Cyclophosphamide: a Therapeutic Option for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
(Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 19, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Network Meta-analysis on the Changes of Amyloid Precursor Protein Expression Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection
AbstractSARS-CoV-2 infection begins with the attachment of its spike (S) protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) followed by complex host immune responses with cardiovascular and neurological implications. Our meta-analyses used QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and Knowledge Base (QKB) to investigate how the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) was modulated by attachment of SARS-CoV-2 S protein in the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) and during COVID-19 in progress. Published 80 host response genes reported to be modulated in BMVECs following SARS-CoV-2 S protein binding were used t...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 10, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Effects of Orally Administered Cannabidiol on Neuroinflammation and Intestinal Inflammation in the Attenuation of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
AbstractCannabidiol (CBD) is a bioactive compound isolated from Cannabis plants that has garnered attention within the medical community due to its potent anti-inflammatory properties. To better understand how CBD limits excessive neuroinflammation we administered CBD via oral gavage (20 mg/kg) in a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS) known as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA Seq) and array-based transcriptomics we were able to delineate how CBD limits excessive inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS) as well as within the intestinal lining in EAE. In...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 10, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Meta-Analysis on Nicotine's Modulation of HIV-Associated Dementia
AbstractHIV-Associated Dementia (HAD) is a significant comorbidity that many HIV-patients face. Our study utilized QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify and analyze molecular profiles and pathways underlying nicotine ’s impact on HAD pathology. The Qiagen Knowledge Base (QKB) defines HAD as “Dementia associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (disorder).” Although much remains unknown about HAD pathology, the curated research findings from the QKB shows 5 upregulated molecules that are associated w ith HAD + : CCL2 (Chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2), L-glutamic acid, GLS (Glutaminase), POLG ...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 10, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Different Roles of Beclin1 in the Interaction Between Glia and Neurons after Exposure to Morphine and the HIV- Trans-Activator of Transcription (Tat) Protein
AbstractPreviously we showed that Beclin1 has a regulatory role in the secretion of inflammatory molecules in glia after exposure to morphine and Tat (an HIV protein). Here we show increased secretion of neuronal growth factors and increased neuronal survival in Beclin1-deficient glia. However, without glia co-culture, neurons deficient in Beclin1 showed greater death and enhanced dendritic beading when compared to wild-type neurons, suggesting that glial-secreted growth factors compensate for the damage reduced autophagy causes neurons. To assess if our ex vivo results correlated with in vivo studies, we used a wild-type ...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 5, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

STING/NF- κB/IL-6-Mediated Inflammation in Microglia Contributes to Spared Nerve Injury (SNI)-Induced Pain Initiation
AbstractInnate immune response acts as the first line of host defense against damage and is initiated following the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). For double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) sensing, interferon gene stimulator (STING) was discovered to be an integral sensor and could mediate the immune and inflammatory response.  Selective STING antagonist C-176 was administered and pain behaviors were assessed following spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain. The level of serum dsDNA following neuropathic pain was assessed using Elisa analysis. STING signaling pathway, microglia activation...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - November 2, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Increased Expression of CD95 in CD4+ Effector Memory T Cells Promotes Th17 Response in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis
AbstractEmerging data have revealed that CD95 can evoke non-apoptotic signals, thereby promoting pro-inflammatory functions that link to the severity of autoimmune disorders. Here, we reported that the expression of CD95 in CD4+ effector memory T (CD4+ TEM) cells was increased in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. We also found increased expression of CD95 in CD4+ TEM cells from MG patients correlated positively with clinical severity scores (QMGs), serum IL-17 levels and plasma cells (PCs) frequencies. Conventional treatment, such as glucocorticoid, could down-regulate the expression of CD95 in CD4+ TEM cells, QMGs, serum I...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - October 29, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Can Soluble Immune Checkpoint Molecules on Exosomes Mediate Inflammation?
AbstractImmune checkpoints (ICPs) are major co-signaling pathways that trigger effector functions in immune cells, with isoforms that are either membrane bound, engaging in direct cell to cell activation locally, or soluble, acting at distant sites by circulating freely or potentially via extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes are small EVs secreted by a variety of cells carrying various proteins and nucleic acids. They are distributed extensively through biological fluids and have major impacts on infectious diseases, cancer, and neuroinflammation. Similarly, ICPs play key roles in a variety of disease conditions and have...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - October 25, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research