Soluble interleukin-2 receptor in exhaled breath condensate in pulmonary sarcoidosis: a
cross-sectional pilot study
Introduction . Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology with a variable
clinical course and prognosis. There is an urgent need to identify new and novel biomarkers to help
differentiate between clinical phenotypes and guide clinical decisions with respect to commencing
and monitoring treatment. Across the spectrum of respiratory disease there has been a growing
interest in the role of breath-based biomarkers given their non-invasive nature and ability to
repeat sampling with ease for serial monitoring. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL2R) in
bronchoalveolar lavage and serum correlates wit...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - December 18, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dayle L Terrington, Jee Whang Kim, Garth Ravenhill, Jonathan Tang, Isabelle Piec, Stephen J Fowler, William Fraser and Andrew M Wilson Source Type: research
Breath isoprene excretion during rest and low-intensity cycling exercise is associated with skeletal
muscle mass in healthy human subjects
The physiological roles of isoprene, which is one of the many endogenous volatile organic compounds
contained in exhaled breath, are not well understood. In recent years, exhaled isoprene has been
associated with the skeletal muscle. Some studies have suggested that the skeletal muscle produces
and/or stores some of the isoprene. However, the evidence supporting this association remains sparse
and inconclusive. Furthermore, aging may affect breath isoprene response because of changes in the
skeletal muscle quantity and quality. Therefore, we investigated the association between the breath
isoprene excretion ( ##IMG##...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - December 8, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Amane Hori, Kenichi Suijo, Takaharu Kondo and Norio Hotta Source Type: research
Nitric oxide's physiologic effects and potential as a therapeutic agent against COVID-19
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19
pneumonia, a pandemic that precipitates huge pressures on the world's social and economic systems.
Disease severity varies among individuals. SARS-CoV-2 infection can be associated with e.g. flu-like
symptoms, dyspnoea, severe interstitial pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan
dysfunction, and generalized coagulopathy. Nitric oxide (NO), is a small signal molecule that
impacts pleiotropic functions in human physiology, which can be involved in the significant effects
of COVID-19 infection. NO is a neurotr...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - December 5, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Fabio Luigi Massimo Ricciardolo, Francesca Bertolini, Vitina Carriero and Marieann H ögman Source Type: research
Nitric oxide ’s physiologic effects and potential as a therapeutic agent against COVID-19
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19
pneumonia, a pandemic that precipitates huge pressures on the world ’s social and economic systems.
Disease severity varies among individuals. SARS-CoV-2 infection can be associated with e.g. flu-like
symptoms, dyspnoea, severe interstitial pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan
dysfunction, and generalized coagulopathy. Nitric oxide (NO), is a small signal molecule that
impacts pleiotropic functions in human physiology, which can be involved in the significant effects
of COVID-19 infection. NO is a neur...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - December 5, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Fabio Luigi Massimo Ricciardolo, Francesca Bertolini, Vitina Carriero and Marieann H ögman Source Type: research
Differentiating cancer types using a urine test for volatile organic compounds
Background. In the human body, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by different tissues
then secreted in different body fluids and subsequently excreted. Here we explore a non-invasive
method for the detection of liver, prostate and bladder cancers. Methods. We recruited 140 cases.
There were 31 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), 62 prostate carcinomas, 29 bladder carcinomas and 18
non-cancer cases. Male to female ratio was 5:1 and mean age was 72 years. Urinary VOCs were detected
by applying solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique. Results. The sensitivity for detection of
HCC with normal alpha fetopro...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - December 3, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ayman S Bannaga, Frank Kvasnik, Krishna Persaud and Ramesh P Arasaradnam Source Type: research
Correlations between exhaled nitric oxide, rs28364072 polymorphism of FCER2 gene, asthma control,
and inhaled corticosteroid responsiveness in children with asthma
This study aimed to describe the clinical and biological characteristics,
and its correlation with polymorphism of rs28364072 in FCER2 of asthmatic children. This work aimed
to study the correlation between fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (FE NO ) level and
rs28364072 polymorphism of FCER2 gene with ICS responsiveness and disease control in children with
asthma. This study was a prospective and descriptive study. All clinical characteristics, FE NO ,
blood eosinophil counts (BEC), skin prick test (SPT), total IgE, asthma control test, and FCER2 gene
polymorphism were performed for each patient. One h...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - November 20, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: S Duong-Quy, H Le-Thi-Minh, H Nguyen-Thi-Bich, H Pham-Thu, V T Thom, N Pham-Thi-Hong, H Duong-Thi-Ly, B Nguyen-Huy, X Ngo-Minh, T Nguyen-Thi-Dieu and T J Craig Source Type: research
Exhaled breath condensate biomarkers in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients
Pneumonia is a significant risk for critically ill, mechanically ventilated (CIMV) patients.
Diagnosis of pneumonia generally requires a combination of clinician-guided diagnoses and clinical
scoring systems. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) can be safely collected non-invasively from CIMV
patients. Hundreds of biomarkers in EBC are associated with acute disease states, including
pneumonia. We evaluated cytokines in EBC from CIMV patients and hypothesized that these biomarkers
would correlate with disease severity in pneumonia, sepsis, and death. EBC IL-2 levels were
associated with chest radiograph severity scores (o...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - November 12, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Michael D Davis, Brett R Winters, Michael C Madden, Joachim D Pleil, Curtis N Sessler, M Ariel Geer Wallace, Cavin K Ward-Caviness and Alison J Montpetit Source Type: research
Extended nitric oxide analysis in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, with or
without associated asthma
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex inflammatory disease highly impacting
patient ’s quality of life, and associated with lower airway inflammation often evolving into asthma.
Exhaled nitric oxide (FE NO ) is a non-invasive tool to assess Type 2 airway inflammation and its
extended analysis allows to differentiate between alveolar concentration (CalvNO) and bronchial
output (JawNO). It is also possible to assess the sino-nasal production of nitric oxide (nNO). We
studied extended nitric oxide production in patients with CRSwNP with or without associated asthma.
Consecutive adult patients ...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - November 5, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Giovanni Paoletti, Giulio Melone, Giuseppe Guida, Francesca Pirola, Luca Malvezzi, Corrado Pelaia, Alessia Mariani, Francesca Racca, Giacomo Malipiero, Sebastian Ferri, Francesca Puggioni, Giuseppe Spriano, Giorgio Walter Canonica and Enrico Heffler Source Type: research
Smoking regular and low-nicotine cigarettes results in comparable levels of volatile organic
compounds in blood and exhaled breath
In this study VOCs levels in headspace of blood and exhaled breath, in the mainstream smoke
of three types of cigarettes of one brand varying in declared tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide
(TNCO) yields are investigated. The objective was to identify whether VOC levels correlate with TNCO
yields of cigarettes smoked according to ISO 3308. Our data show that smoking regular and low-TNCO
cigarettes result in comparable levels of VOCs in blood and exhaled breath. Hence, declared
TNCO-yields as determined with the ISO 3308 machine smoking protocol are irrelevant for predicting
VOC exposure upon human smoking. Venous blood...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - November 5, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Charlotte G G M Pauwels, Kim F H Hintzen, Reinskje Talhout, Hans W J M Cremers, Jeroen L A Pennings, Agnieszka Smolinska, Antoon Opperhuizen, Frederik J Van Schooten and Agnes W Boots Source Type: research
Onset of action of inhaled glucocorticoids on bronchial and alveolar nitric oxide output
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (F E NO) is a marker of airway inflammation. Measuring F E NO at
multiple flow rates enables calculation of NO parameters: bronchial NO output ( J aw NO), bronchial
wall ( C aw NO) and alveolar ( C A NO) NO concentrations, and bronchial diffusion factor of NO ( D
aw NO). F E NO is known to rapidly reduce after the commencement of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)
treatment. However, little is known on the effect of ICS on the other NO parameters. We assessed (1)
the onset of action of ICS treatment on the NO parameters and (2) whether the changes in bronchial
NO output are due to changes in...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - November 5, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Tuomas Karvonen, Anna Sepponen-Lavikko, Kati Holm, R üdiger Schultz, Eeva Moilanen and Lauri Lehtimäki Source Type: research
Breath acetone change during aerobic exercise is moderated by cardiorespiratory fitness
Exhaled breath acetone (BrAce) was investigated during and after submaximal aerobic exercise as a
volatile biomarker for metabolic responsiveness in high and lower-fit individuals in a prospective
cohort pilot-study. Twenty healthy adults (19 –39 years) with different levels of cardiorespiratory
fitness (VO 2peak ), determined by spiroergometry, were recruited. BrAce was repeatedly measured by
proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) during 40 –55 min submaximal
cycling exercise and a post-exercise period of 180 min. Activity of ketone and fat metabolism during
and after exercise wer...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - October 31, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Karsten K önigstein, Sebastian Abegg, Andrea N Schorn, Ines C Weber, Nina Derron, Andreas Krebs, Philipp A Gerber, Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss and Andreas T Güntner Source Type: research
Adsorption kinetics feature extraction from breathprint obtained by graphene based sensors for
diabetes diagnosis
The correlation between blood glucose and breath acetone suggested by several studies has spurred
the research community to develop an electronic (e-nose) for diabetes diagnosis. Herein, we have
validated the in-house graphene based sensors with known acetone concentration. The sensor
performances such as sensitivity, selectivity and stability (SSS) suggested their potential use in
acquiring breath print. The 10% higher mean saturation voltage for 30 diabetic subjects ensured a
discrimination accuracy of 65% with a positive correlation ( r = 0.88) between biochemically
measured and non-invasively estimated (glycated ...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - October 31, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ramji Kalidoss, Snekhalatha Umapathy, Radhakrishnan Kothalam and Uthvag Sakthivelu Source Type: research
The correlation between breath acetone and blood betahydroxybutyrate in individuals with type 1
diabetes
Ketone testing is an important element of the self-management of illness in type 1 diabetes. The aim
of the present study was to see if a breath test for acetone could be used to predict quantitatively
the levels of the ketone betahydroxybutyrate in the blood of those with type 1 diabetes, and thus be
used as an alternative to capillary testing for ketones. Simultaneous capillary ketones and breath
acetone were measured in 72 individuals with type 1 diabetes attending a diabetes clinic and on 9
individuals admitted to hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis. Capillary blood measurements ranged
from 0.1 mmol l −1 (the l...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - October 29, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Gus Hancock, Shrinivas Sharma, Martin Galpin, Daniel Lunn, Clare Megson, Rob Peverall, Graham Richmond, Grant A D Ritchie and Katharine R Owen Source Type: research
Changes in volatile organic compounds provoked by lipopolysaccharide- or alpha toxin-induced
inflammation in ventilated rats
Inflammation may alter volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. We therefore used ion
mobility spectrometry (IMS) to evaluate exhaled breath components in two non-infectious inflammatory
models. Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized and ventilated for 24 h. Five treatments
were randomly assigned: (1) lipopolysaccharide low dose [5 mg/kg]; (2) lipopolysaccharide high dose
[10 mg/kg]; (3) alpha toxin low dose [40 µ g/kg]; (4) alpha toxin high dose [80 µ g/kg]; and, (5)
NaCl 0.9% as control group. Gas was sampled from the expiratory line of the ventilator every 20 min
and analyzed with IMS combi...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - October 23, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dominik Lorenz, Felix Maurer, Dietmar Philipp, Fr éderic Albrecht, Tobias Hüppe, Daniel I Sessler, Beate Wolf, Thomas Volk, Sascha Kreuer and Tobias Fink Source Type: research
Breath markers for therapeutic radiation
This study evaluated changes in exhaled breath volatile
organic compounds (VOC) associated with radiotherapy with thermal desorption gas chromatography
mass-spectrometry followed by data processing and multivariate statistical analysis. Further the
feasibility of adopting gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry for radiotherapy point-of-care
breath was assessed. A total of 62 participants provided 240 end-tidal 1 dm 3 breath samples before
radiotherapy and at 1, 3, and 6 h post-exposure, that were analysed by
thermal-desorption/gas-chromatography/quadrupole mass-spectrometry. Data were registered by
retention-i...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - October 23, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dahlia Salman, Michael Eddleston, Kareen Darnley, William H Nailon, Duncan B McLaren, Andria Hadjithelki, Dorota Ruszkiewicz, Jens Langejuergen, Yaser Alkhalifa, Iain Phillips and C L Paul Thomas Source Type: research
