Detecting opioid metabolites in exhaled breath condensate (EBC)
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection provides a promising matrix for bioanalysis of endogenous
biomarkers of health and also for exogenous compounds like drugs. There is little information
regarding drugs and their metabolites contained in breath, as well as their pharmacokinetics. In
this present work, we use a simple and non-invasive technique to collect EBC from chronic pain
patients using different analgesic opioid drugs to manage pain. Six patients received continuous
infusion of morphine and hydromorphone intravenously (IV), together with other analgesic drugs (IV
and orally). Repeated sampling of serum a...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - October 1, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Eva Borras, Andy Cheng, Ted Wun, Kristen L Reese, Matthias Frank, Michael Schivo and Cristina E Davis Source Type: research
Breath selection methods for compact mass spectrometry breath analysis
Compact mass spectrometry (CMS) is a versatile and transportable analytical instrument that has the
potential to be used in clinical settings to quickly and non-invasively detect a wide range of
relevant conditions from breath samples. The purpose of this study is to optimise data preprocessing
protocols by three proposed methods of breath sampling, using the CMS. It also lays out a general
framework for which data processing methods can be evaluated. Methods. This paper considers data
from three previous studies, each using a different breath sampling method. These include a
peppermint washout study using continuous...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - September 28, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kerry Rosenthal, Dorota M Ruszkiewicz, Hayden Allen, Martin R Lindley, Matthew A Turner and Eugenie Hunsicker Source Type: research
Factors influencing breath analysis results in patients with diabetes mellitus
Breath analysis is used to detect the composition of exhaled gas. As a quick and non-invasive
detection method, breath analysis provides deep insights into the progression of various kinds of
diseases, especially those with metabolism disorders. Abundant information on volatile compounds in
diabetic patients has been studied in numerous articles in the literature. However, exhaled gas in
diabetic patients can be altered by various complications. So far, little attention has been paid to
this alteration. In our paper, we found that under air pollution conditions, diabetic patients
exhale more nitric oxide. Diabetic pa...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - September 4, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Qing Zhou, Qiannan Wang, Bo Chen, Yi Han, Lei Cheng, Yaqian Shen, Panpan Hao and Zhongwen Zhang Source Type: research
Untargeted metabolomics of the bacterial tongue coating of intra-oral halitosis patients
Intra-oral halitosis (IOH) refers to an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity that is mainly caused
by the tongue coating. Although the tongue coating microbiome is thought to play an essential role
in IOH, the exact aetiology of IOH remains unclear. Here we investigated and compared the metabolic
profiles of the tongue coating microbiomes of patients with IOH versus healthy control. The
metabolic profiles were significantly different in IOH patients than in healthy controls. Healthy
controls showed higher selenoamino acid and nicotinamide metabolism; these metabolic pathways are
mainly involved in maintaining the oxi...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - August 18, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kavitha Seerangaiyan, Mukil Maruthamuthu, Arie Jan van Winkelhoff and Edwin G Winkel Source Type: research
Fraction of air coming from conductive airways has the negative balance in heat dissipation after
maximal effort exercise —a physiological basis for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
Exhaled breath temperature (EBT) has recently been used as a tool to assess the level of
inflammation in airways. The newest technology can also assess EBT coming from different fractions
of exhaled air (fEBT). We aimed to assess the changes in fEBT after a maximal cardio-pulmonary
exercise test in healthy athletes. Forty-four healthy professional athletes (two females) were
included. Their mean ( ±SD) age was 22.9 ± 4.8 years. An innovative device (FractAir ® ) was used for
fEBT measurement, dividing the exhaled air into three fractions (V1, V2 and V3) coming from
different parts of the lungs; the large airways...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - August 18, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dimov Petar, Labor Marina and Plavec Davor Source Type: research
Exhaled breath condensate biomarkers for lung cancer
Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide and the identification of
clinically useful biomarkers for lung cancer detection at both early and metastatic stage is a
pressing medical need. Although many improvements have been made in the treatment and in the early
screening of this cancer, most diagnosis are made at a late stage, when a lot of genetic and
epigenetic changes have occurred. A promising source of biomarkers reflective of the pathogenesis of
lung cancer is exhaled breath condensate (EBC), a biological fluid and a natural matrix of the
respiratory tract. Molecules such as DNAs...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - August 18, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Annalisa Campanella, Simona De Summa and Stefania Tommasi Source Type: research
Centralized resource for chemicals from the human volatilome in an interactive open-sourced database
Description unavailable (Source: Journal of Breath Research)
Source: Journal of Breath Research - August 13, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Joachim D Pleil and Antony Williams Source Type: research
Exhaled nitric oxide in pediatric patients with respiratory disease
Measurement of nitric oxide (NO) levels in exhaled air from the upper and lower airways is currently
used as a non-invasive marker of inflammation in respiratory diseases. Assessment of NO exhaled from
the lower air respiratory tract is considered to be a quick method for confirmation and control of
asthma in patients as well as an estimation of treatment efficiency. The main aim of this study was
to determine differences between levels of exhaled nitric oxide (fractional exhaled NO; FeNO) in
patients with respiratory disease as measured by an electrochemical analyzer. Measurements were
taken in 352 pediatric patient...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - July 16, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Marta Rachel, Marek Biesiadecki, David Aebisher and Sabina Galiniak Source Type: research
Use of carbon monoxide breath test to assess red blood cell lifespan in newly diagnosed multiple
myeloma patients
To clarify the role of red blood cell (RBC) lifespan in anemia of multiple myeloma (MM), RBC
lifespan was detected in 40 newly diagnosed MM patients by measuring exhaled endogenous carbon
monoxide concentration. Mean RBC lifespan was significantly reduced in MM patients (63 ± 23 d) than
healthy controls (116 ± 17 d). RBC lifespan in MM patients without anemia (78 ± 21 d) was also
significantly lower than for healthy controls. RBC lifespan in MM patients with anemia (52 ± 18 d)
was significantly lower than those without. Besides, RBC lifespan in MM patients with renal
insufficiency (50 ± 16 d) was l...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - July 16, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Yanfang Wang, Zhenhao Zhang, Yan Liu, Hongmei Jing, Xiaoyan Ke and Fei Dong Source Type: research
Proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometric measurements of volatile compounds
contained in peppermint oil capsules of relevance to real-time pharmacokinetic breath studies
With the growing interest in the use of breath volatiles in the health sciences, the lack of
standardization for the sampling and analysis of exhaled breath is becoming a major issue leading to
an absence of conformity, reproducibility and reliability in spectrometric measurements. Through the
creation of a worldwide ‘peppermint consortium’, the International Association of Breath Research
has set up a task force to deal with this problem. Pharmacokinetic studies are proposed, and a
real-time analytical technique that is being used is proton transfer reaction-time-of-flight-mass
spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). This pa...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - July 16, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Michaela Mal ásková, Ben Henderson, Prema D Chellayah, Veronika Ruzsanyi, Paweł Mochalski, Simona M Cristescu and Chris A Mayhew Source Type: research
Flow-independent nitric oxide parameters in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Introduction . Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (F E NO) has been proposed as a non-invasive marker
of inflammation in the lungs. Measuring F E NO at several flow rates enables the calculation of flow
independent NO-parameters that describe the NO-exchange dynamics of the lungs more precisely. The
purpose of this study was to compare the NO-parameters between asthmatics and healthy subjects in a
systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods . A systematic search was performed in Ovid Medline,
Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases. All studies with asthmatic and healthy
control groups with at least one N...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - July 16, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Tuomas Karvonen and Lauri Lehtim äki Source Type: research
Development of low-cost hybrid multi-walled carbon nanotube-based ammonia gas-sensing strips with an
integrated sensor read-out system for clinical breath analyzer applications
This work demonstrates the development of Ag@polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube
nanocomposite-based sensor strips and a suitable integrated electronic read-out system for the
measurement of trace-level concentrations of ammonia (NH 3 ). The sensor is optimized under various
operating conditions and the resulting sensor exhibited an enhanced response (32% for 2 ppm) with
excellent selectivity. Stable performance was observed towards NH 3 in the presence of high
concentrations of CO 2 (>40 000 ppm), simulated and real breath samples. A suitable electronic
sensor read-out system has also been designed and develope...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - July 15, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sukhananazerin Abdulla, Jayaseelan Dhakshinamoorthy, Vijay Mohan, Dinesh Veeran Ponnuvelu, Venkataraman Krishnan Kallidaikuruchi, Lazar Mathew Thalakkotil and Biji Pullithadathil Source Type: research
Crowd monitoring in dairy cattle —real-time VOC profiling by direct mass spectrometry
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from breath, faeces or skin may reflect physiological and
pathological processes in vivo . Our setup employs real-time proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight
mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) to explore VOC emissions of dairy cows in stable air under field
conditions. Within one herd of 596 cows, seven groups (8 –117 cows per group) were assessed. Groups
differed in milk yield and health status (two contained cows with paratuberculosis, a chronic
intestinal infection). Each group arrived one after another in the area of air measurement in front
of the milking parlour. A custo...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - July 9, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Peter Gierschner, Anne K üntzel, Petra Reinhold, Heike Köhler, Jochen K Schubert and Wolfram Miekisch Source Type: research
Feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of an electronic nose in children with asthma and cystic
fibrosis
The measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath is a promising tool for
diagnosing and monitoring various lung diseases in children. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry
(GC-MS) analysis is a frequently used standard technique for VOCs analysis. However, as GC-MS is an
expensive and time-consuming technique, hand-held devices or electronic noses have been developed.
Recently, the Aeonose was introduced as an easy-to-use hand-held eNose capable of point-of-care
testing. Although first results using this eNose in adults are promising, studies in children are
lacking. We therefore performed a cros...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - May 6, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Michiel A G E Bannier, Kim D G van de Kant, Quirijn J öbsis and Edward Dompeling Source Type: research
Basic characteristics and clinical value of FeNO in smoking asthmatics —a systematic review
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) reflects eosinophilic airway inflammation and it can be used
to diagnose and phenotype asthma and predict treatment responses. However, smoking decreases FeNO
and it is not clear if FeNO has clinical value in smoking subjects with asthma. We conducted a
systematic review focusing on four basic characteristics and five clinical questions on using FeNO
in smokers with asthma. At least two authors independently screened search results, extracted data
and assessed the quality of the included studies. Data were synthesised mainly by qualitative
methods. Twenty-two studies were includ...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - May 1, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Anneli Ahovuo-Saloranta, P éter Csonka and Lauri Lehtimäki Source Type: research
