The scent of COVID-19: viral (semi-)volatiles as fast diagnostic biomarkers?
Description unavailable (Source: Journal of Breath Research)
Source: Journal of Breath Research - July 19, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kevin Lamote, Eline Janssens, Eline Schillebeeckx, Therese S Lapperre, Benedicte Y De Winter and Jan P van Meerbeeck Source Type: research
Electronic nose in discrimination of children with uncontrolled asthma
Measuring biomarkers (e.g. volatile organic compounds [VOCs]) in exhaled breath is an attractive
approach to monitor airway inflammation in asthma and other lung diseases. Olfactive technology by
electronic nose (e-Nose) has been applied to identify VOCs in exhaled breath. We compared e-Nose
respiratory patterns in a pediatric cohort with asthma classificate children with different asthma
control. This cross-sectional study involved 38 children: 28 with asthma and 10 healthy controls .
The asthmatic patients were categorized as having controlled (AC), partially controlled (APC) or
uncontrolled asthma (ANC) based on l...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - July 19, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Laura Tenero, Marco Sandri, Michele Piazza, Giulia Paiola, Marco Zaffanello and Giorgio Piacentini Source Type: research
Detection of the effects of triclosan (TCS) on the metabolism of VOCs in HepG2 cells by SPI-TOFMS
In this study, HepG2 cells were cultured in
TCS-containing medium for 2 h, and the emitted VOCs in the headspace of the culture flask were
detected using a single photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry instrument. The control
group and the TCS-treated group could be well separated by differential VOC profiles, which were
rel... (Source: Journal of Breath Research)
Source: Journal of Breath Research - July 19, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jiyang Zhang, WeiWei Yao, Siyan Wang, Man Li, Guobin Tan, Jing An, Li Xu, Junguo Dong and Ping Cheng Source Type: research
Driving progress in exhaled breath biomarkers: Breath Biopsy Conference 2019
November 2019 saw Cambridge, UK play host to the second Breath Biopsy Conference, a
community-focused event aimed at sharing and supporting advancements in the collection and analysis
of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath. The event expanded upon the previous year ’s format,
spanning two days and concluding with an expert panel discussion. Presentations covered detection,
monitoring and precision medicine studies examining diseases including asthma, cirrhosis, cancer and
tuberculosis. The meeting attracted representatives from diverse backgrounds, such as metabolomics,
artificial intelligence, clinical re...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - July 11, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jonathan Lawson, Billy Boyle and Jonathan Beauchamp Source Type: research
Oral health and halitosis among type 1 diabetic and healthy children
In this study the oral health status of children
with and without type 1 diabetes were evaluated by using different indices (dmft/DMFT, International
Caries Detection and Assessment System(ICDAS) II, pufa, gingival and periodontal indices). Halitosis
was determined by organoleptic assessment and sulfur monitoring. Results. One hundred children with
the age range between 6 –13 years, 50 type 1 diabetics (24 boys,26 girls) with mean age (±sd) of 10.3
± 2.1 years and 50 healthy (30 boys, 20 girls) with mean age (±sd) of 9.9 ± 1.5 years, participated
in the study. The median values of dmft and dmfs was lower in chi...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - July 1, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Tayyibe Aslihan Iscan, Cansu Ozsin-Ozler, Tulin Ileri-Keceli, Bahar Guciz-Dogan, Ayfer Alikasifoglu and Meryem Uzamis-Tekcicek Source Type: research
Effects of academic stress on the levels of oral volatile sulfur compounds, halitosis-related
bacteria and stress biomarkers of healthy female undergraduate students
To investigate whether academic stress changes the salivary microbiota and its relationship with
salivary parameters, evaluating the effects on the production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in
healthy women. Fifty-five women who were enrolled in a four-year Dentistry course were assessed for
academic stress by the questionnaire Maslach Burnout Inventory —Student Survey and were then
classified into ‘Not Stressed’ and ‘Stressed’ groups. Cortisol and alpha-amylase (AA) were measured
as physiological stress biomarkers. Oral Chroma ™ gas chromatograph was used to measure
concentrations of hydrogen sulfid...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - July 1, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Patricia Oliveira De Lima, Bruno Dias Nani, Gustavo Satollo Rolim, Francisco Carlos Groppo, Michelle Franz-Montan, Antonio Bento Alves De Moraes, Karina Cogo-M üller and Fernanda Klein Marcondes Source Type: research
Real-time selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry to assess short- and long-term variability in
oral and nasal breath
This study focuses on the
comparison of oral and nasal breathing, and on the variability of volatile metabolites over the
short and long term. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) was used for online analysis
of selected volatile metabolites in oral and nasal breath of 10 healthy individuals five times in
one day (short-term) and six times spread over three weeks (long-term), resulting in nearly 100
breath samplings. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess short- and
long-term biological variability. Additionally, the composition of ambient air was analyzed at
different sampling...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - July 1, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: G Slingers, R Goossens, H Janssens, M Spruyt, E Goelen, Eede M Vanden, M Raes and G Koppen Source Type: research
EBC metabolomics for asthma severity
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with diverse severity and represents a considerable socio-economic
burden. Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) is a biofluid directly obtained from the airway lining fluid
non-invasively. We attempted to discriminate severe from mild-to-moderate asthma using EBC
metabolomics based on both NMR and UHPLC-MS techniques. 36 patients were included in this study (15
patients with severe and 21 with mild-to-moderate asthma). EBC was collected and analyzed using both
NMR and UHPLC-MS techniques for possible metabolites. Using PLS and oPLS analysis for the UHPLC-MS
data, no metabolite was found t...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - July 1, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: P Ntontsi, V Ntzoumanika, S Loukides, D Benaki, E Gkikas, E Mikros and P Bakakos Source Type: research
Evaluation of a standardized collection device for exhaled breath sampling onto thermal desorption
tubes
The Respiration Collector for In Vitro Analysis (ReCIVA) sampler, marketed by Owlstone Medical,
provides a step forward in exhaled breath sampling through active sampling directly onto thermal
desorption (TD) tubes. Although an improvement to the issues surrounding breath bag sampling, the
ReCIVA device, first released in 2015, is a relatively new research and clinical tool that requires
further exploration. Here, data are presented comparing two distinct ReCIVA devices. The results,
comparing ReCIVA serial numbers #33 and #65, demonstrate that overall statistically insignificant
results are obtained via targeted iso...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - May 25, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sean W Harshman, Rhonda L Pitsch, Christina N Davidson, Erica M Lee, Alexander M Scott, Elizabeth M Hill, Paras Mainali, Zachary E Brooks, Kraig E Strayer, Nicole M Schaeublin, Taylor L Wiens, Michael C Brothers, Leslie A Drummond, Dirk P Yamamoto and Jen Source Type: research
Comparison of volatile organic compound profiles in exhaled breath versus plasma headspace in
different diseases
In this study we investigated the relationship between
22 VOC's detected in exhaled breath and plasma headspace using a selected ion flow tube mass
spectrometer (SYFT-MS). We compared pairs of exhaled breath and plasma samples from patients with
pulmonary hypertension inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and IBD patients after J-pouch surgery
(pouch group). Half of the measured VOC's from exhaled breath were significantly associated with the
VOC's from plasma headspace. Interestingly, six breath VOC's (trimethyl amine (FDR p = 0.02),
hydrogen sulfide (FDR p = 7.64 × (Source: Journal of Breath Research)
Source: Journal of Breath Research - May 25, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: David Grove, Galen Miller-Atkins, Celia Melillo, Florian Rieder, Satya Kurada, Daniel M Rotroff, Adriano R Tonelli and Raed A Dweik Source Type: research
A mechanistic study and review of volatile products from peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids: an
aid to understanding the origins of volatile organic compounds from the human body
The assessment of volatile compounds (VOCs) for disease diagnosis is a growing area of research.
There is a need to provide hard evidence i.e. biochemical routes, to justify putative VOC
biomarkers, as in many cases this remains uncertain, which weakens their authenticity. Recently
reports of volatile hydrocarbons and or aldehydes in bodily fluids and breath have been attributed
to oxidative stress, although as discussed here, fewer compounds have been reported than expected
from a mechanistic examination. Oxidative stress can result from many disease states which produce
inflammation, and a better understanding of t...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - May 25, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Norman Ratcliffe, Tom Wieczorek, Natalia Drabi ńska, Oliver Gould, Alan Osborne and Ben De Lacy Costello Source Type: research
Topical review on monitoring tetrahydrocannabinol in breath
Legalization of cannabis for recreational use has compelled governments to seek new tools to
accurately monitor Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and understand its effect on impairment. Various
methods have been employed to measure Δ9-THC, and its respective metabolites, in different
biological matrices. Recently, breath analysis has gained interest as a non-invasive method for the
detection of chemicals that are either produced as part of biological processes or are absorbed from
the environment. Existing breath analyzers function by analyzing previously collected samples or by
direct real-time analysis. Portable...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - May 11, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hamed Mirzaei, Allen O ’Brien, Nishat Tasnim, Adithya Ravishankara, Hamed Tahmooressi and Mina Hoorfar Source Type: research
Cavity ringdown spectroscopy of nitric oxide in the ultraviolet region for human breath test
We report the spectrum of nitric oxide (NO) in the ultraviolet (UV) (225.4 –227.0 nm) region based on
cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS). A cavity ringdown system, which consisted of a tunable UV laser
source and a vacuum-pumped ringdown cavity, was constructed to measure NO at room temperature and
atmospheric or reduced pressure. The measured spectra were validated using LIFBase simulations. The
absorption cross-section of NO at the strongest absorption peak at 226.255 nm was measured to be
7.64 × 10 −18 cm 2 molecule −1 . Using the measured mirror reflectivity of 99.55% at 226.255 nm, the
detection limit of...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - April 29, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Yukai Ai, Jing Li, Qingyuan Li, Meixiu Sun, Yingxin Li and Chuji Wang Source Type: research
The scientific rationale for the use of simple masks or improvised facial coverings to trap exhaled
aerosols and possibly reduce the breathborne spread of COVID-19
Description unavailable (Source: Journal of Breath Research)
Source: Journal of Breath Research - April 28, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Joachim D Pleil, Jonathan D Beauchamp, Terence H Risby and Raed A Dweik Source Type: research
Correlation between breath ammonia and blood urea nitrogen levels in chronic kidney disease and
dialysis patients
Previous studies have shown that breath ammonia (breath-NH 3 ) concentration is associated with
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. However, interindividual variations in breath-NH 3 concentrations
were observed. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the effect of oral cavity conditions on
breath-NH 3 concentration and to validate whether the measurement of breath-NH 3 concentration is
feasible in clinical settings. A total of 125 individuals, including patients with stage 3 to 5
chronic kidney disease (CKD3 –5), those on dialysis, and healthy participants, were recruited. A
nanostructured sensor was used to detect...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - April 26, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Chang-Chiang Chen, Ju-Chun Hsieh, Cheng-Han Chao, Wei-Shun Yang, Hui-Teng Cheng, Chieh-Kai Chan, Chia-Jung Lu, Hsin-Fei Meng and Hsiao-Wen Zan Source Type: research
