RT-PCR diagnosis of COVID-19 from exhaled breath condensate: a clinical study
The objective of the study was to quantify the
viral load in EBC collected from COVID-19 patients and to validate the feasibility of SARS-CoV-2
detection from... (Source: Journal of Breath Research)
Source: Journal of Breath Research - June 9, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Makoto Sawano, Kyousuke Takeshita, Hideaki Ohno and Hideaki Oka Source Type: research
A literature survey of all volatiles from healthy human breath and bodily fluids: the human
volatilome
This paper comprises an updated version of the 2014 review which reported 1846 volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) identified from healthy humans. In total over 900 additional VOCs have been
reported since the 2014 review and the VOCs from semen have been added. The numbers of VOCs found in
breath and the other bodily fluids are: blood 379, breath 1488, faeces 443, milk 290, saliva 549,
semen 196, skin 623 and urine 444. Compounds were assigned CAS registry numbers and named according
to a common convention where possible. The compounds have been included in a single table with the
source reference(s) for each VOC, an ...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - April 21, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Natalia Drabi ńska, Cheryl Flynn, Norman Ratcliffe, Ilaria Belluomo, Antonis Myridakis, Oliver Gould, Matteo Fois, Amy Smart, Terry Devine and Ben De Lacy Costello Source Type: research
Effect of exhalation flow rates and level of nitric oxide output on accuracy of linear approximation
of pulmonary nitric oxide dynamics
This study has
three parts. (a) A theoretical part demonstrating how different exhalation flow rates and NO
parameter levels affect the accuracy of the T and G method, (b) testing how exhalation flow rate
range affects the method in a sample of asthmatic and healthy subjects, and (c) a meta-analysis of
published literature to test whether minimum flow rate has an association with the NO parameter
values. We found that both the chosen exhalation flow rates and magnitude of the pulmonary NO
parameters affect the accuracy of the T and G method. Underestimation of J aw NO increas... (Source: Journal of Breath Research)
Source: Journal of Breath Research - April 15, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Tuomas Karvonen and Lauri Lehtim äki Source Type: research
Stability of volatile organic compounds in sorbent tubes following SARS-CoV-2 inactivation
procedures
COVID-19 is a highly transmissible respiratory illness that has rapidly spread all over the world
causing more than 115 million cases and 2.5 million deaths. Most epidemiological projections
estimate that the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus causing the
infection will circulate in the next few years and raise enormous economic and social issues.
COVID-19 has a dramatic impact on health care systems and patient management, and is delaying or
stopping breath research activities due to the risk of infection to the operators following contact
with patients, potentially infected samples o...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - April 15, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Tommaso Lomonaco, Pietro Salvo, Silvia Ghimenti, Denise Biagini, Federico Vivaldi, Andrea Bonini, Roger Fuoco and Fabio Di Francesco Source Type: research
Investigation of oral malodor prevention by dentifrices as measured by VSC reduction
The oral malodor reduction efficacy of dentifrices containing stannous fluoride (SnF 2 ) or zinc
plus arginine (Zn/Arg) was evaluated using a halimeter to measure volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs)
in two randomized, controlled, single-blind, cross-over pilot clinical trials. Study 1 ( N = 16) had
five 1100 ppm F dentifrices and five treatment periods: negative control (NC): 0.243% sodium
fluoride (NaF); SnF 2 A: 0.454% SnF 2 + pyrophosphate; SnF 2 B: 0.454% SnF 2 + sodium
hexametaphosphate; SnF 2 C: 0.454% SnF 2 + citrate; and SnF 2 D: experimental 0.454% SnF 2 with
increased bioavailable Sn. Study 2 ( N = 16) had fou...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - April 12, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Marianne Zsiska, Eva Schneiderman, Yingkun Jin, Svetlana Farrell and Julie Grender Source Type: research
High alveolar nitric oxide is associated with steeper lung function decline in foundry workers
We examined 74
dust-exposed and 42 nonexposed foundry workers and measured C A NO and lung function at baseline and
after 7 years of follow-up. An increase in C A NO during the follow-up period was positively
associated with cumulative dust exposure in foundry work ( p = 0.035). Furthermore, a higher
baseline C A NO was associated with an accelerated decline in the forced vital capacity (FVC) during
the follow-up period (absolute decrease in FVC p = 0.0... (Source: Journal of Breath Research)
Source: Journal of Breath Research - April 12, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kirsi Koskela, Sauni Riitta, Oksa Panu, Uitti Jukka, Moilanen Eeva and Lehtim äki Lauri Source Type: research
Investigation of the relationship between skin-emitted volatile fatty acids and skin surface acidity
in healthy participants —a pilot study
The objective of this research is to investigate the volatile fatty
acid (VFA) emission as recovered from healthy participant skin VOC samples and to characterise its
association with skin surface acidity. VOC sampling was performed via headspace-solid phase
microextraction with analysis via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Several VFAs were recovered
from participants, grouped based on gender and site (female forehead, female forearm, male forearm).
Saturated VFAs (C9, C12, C14, C15, C16) and the unsaturated VFA C16:1 (recovered only from the
female forehead) were considered for this study. VFA compositions and...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - April 7, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Tasneem Shetewi, Melissa Finnegan, Shane Fitzgerald, Shuai Xu, Emer Duffy and Aoife Morrin Source Type: research
Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection by multicapillary column coupled ion mobility spectrometry
(MCC-IMS) of breath. A proof of concept study
In this study, the nasal breath of 75 patients (34 male, 41
female, aged 64.4 ± 15.4 years) was investigated by MCC-IMS for viral infections. Fourteen were
positively diagnosed with influenza-A infection and sixteen with SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal swabs. In one patient RT-PCR was highly
suspicious of SARS-CoV-2 but initially inconclusive. The remaining 44 patients served as controls.
Breath fingerprints for specific infections were assessed by a combination of cluster analysis and
multivariate st... (Source: Journal of Breath Research)
Source: Journal of Breath Research - March 18, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Claus Steppert, Isabel Steppert, William Sterlacci and Thomas Bollinger Source Type: research
Using the US EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard to interpret targeted and non-targeted GC –MS analyses
from human breath and other biological media
The U.S. EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard is a freely available web-based application providing
access to chemistry, toxicity, and exposure data for ∼900 000 chemicals. Data, search functionality,
and prediction models within the Dashboard can help identify chemicals found in environmental
analyses and human biomonitoring. It was designed to deliver data generated to support computational
toxicology to reduce chemical testing on animals and provide access to new approach methodologies
including prediction models. The inclusion of mass and formula-based searches, together with
relevant ranking approaches, allows fo...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - March 18, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Joachim D Pleil, Charles N Lowe, M Ariel Geer Wallace and Antony J Williams Source Type: research
Application of machine learning and laser optical-acoustic spectroscopy to study the profile of
exhaled air volatile markers of acute myocardial infarction
Conventional acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis is quite accurate and has proved its
effectiveness. However, despite this, discovering more operative methods of this disease detection
is underway. From this point of view, the application of exhaled air analysis for a similar
diagnosis is valuable. The aim of the paper is to research effective machine learning algorithms for
the predictive model for AMI diagnosis constructing, using exhaled air spectral data. The target
group included 30 patients with primary myocardial infarction. The control group included 42 healthy
volunteers. The ‘LaserBreeze’ laser ...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - March 18, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Alexey V Borisov, Anna G Syrkina, Dmitry A Kuzmin, Vyacheslav V Ryabov, Andrey A Boyko, Olga Zaharova, Vyacheslav S Zasedatel and Yury V Kistenev Source Type: research
Proteomics of exhaled breath condensate in lung cancer and controls using data-independent
acquisition (DIA): a pilot study
Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide has a poor prognosis. To develop a
non-invasive method for early lung cancer detection, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was explored in
this study. EBC samples were collected from lung cancer patients ( n = 10) and healthy controls ( n
= 10), and a proteomic study was performed to identify potential biomarkers. Data-dependent
acquisition was used to build the spectral library, and a data-independent acquisition (DIA)
approach was applied for quantification of EBC proteomics. A total of 1151 proteins were identified,
and several proteins were significantly u...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - March 3, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lin Ma, Joshua E Muscat, Raghu Sinha, Dongxiao Sun and Guangli Xiu Source Type: research
Detection of lung cancer with electronic nose using a novel ensemble learning framework
Breath analysis based on electronic nose (e-nose) is a promising new technology for the detection of
lung cancer that is non-invasive, simple to operate and cost-effective. Lung cancer screening by
e-nose relies on predictive models established using machine learning methods. However, using only a
single machine learning method to detect lung cancer has some disadvantages, including low detection
accuracy and high false negative rate. To address these problems, groups of individual learning
models with excellent performance were selected from classic models, including support vector
machine, decision tree, random for...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - March 1, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lei Liu, Wang Li, ZiChun He, Weimin Chen, Hongying Liu, Ke Chen and Xitian Pi Source Type: research
Volatile organic compounds as disease predictors in newborn infants: a systematic review
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detected in human breath, urine, stool, sweat, saliva, and blood
result from metabolic processes in the body during health or disease. Using sophisticated
measurement systems, small amounts of these compounds can be detected in the above bodily fluids.
Multiple studies in adults and children have shown the potential of these compounds to differentiate
between healthy individuals and patients by detecting profiles of compounds in non-invasively
collected samples. However, the detection of biomarkers in VOCs from neonates is particularly
attractive due to the non-invasive nature of its...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - February 25, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Christopher Course, W John Watkins, Carsten T M üller, David Odd, Sailesh Kotecha and Mallinath Chakraborty Source Type: research
Metabolic monitoring via on-line analysis of 13 C-enriched carbon dioxide in exhaled mouse breath
using substrate-integrated hollow waveguide infrared spectroscopy and luminescence sensing combined
with Bayesian sampling
In studies that target specific functions or organs, the response is often overlaid by indirect
effects of the intervention on global metabolism. The metabolic side of these interactions can be
assessed based on total energy expenditure (TEE) and the contributions of the principal energy
sources, carbohydrates, proteins and fat to whole body CO 2 production. These parameters can be
identified from indirect calorimetry using respiratory oxygen intake and CO 2 dioxide production
data that are combined with the response of the 13 CO 2 release in the expired air and the glucose
tracer enrichment in plasma following a 13 ...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - February 25, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Felicia Seichter, Josef Vogt, Erhan T ütüncü, Leila Tamina Hagemann, Ulrich Wachter, Michael Gröger, Sandra Kress, Peter Radermacher and Boris Mizaikoff Source Type: research
Exhaled volatile organic compounds detect pulmonary exacerbations early in children with cystic
fibrosis: results of a 1 year observational pilot study
In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) have an important influence on
well-being, quality of life, and lung function decline. Early detection combined with early
treatment may prevent severe PEx. To determine whether early detection of PEx is possible by
non-invasive markers (volatile organic compounds) in exhaled breath. In a 1 year prospective
observational pilot study, 49 children with CF were studied. At clinical visits with an interval of
2 months, lung function, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath by means of gas
chromatography- time-of-flight -mass spectrometry, an...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - February 25, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Marieke van Horck, Agnieszka Smolinska, Geertjan Wesseling, Karin de Winter - de Groot, Ilja de Vreede, Bjorn Winkens, Quirijn J öbsis, Jan Dallinga, Edward Dompeling and Frederik-Jan van Schooten Source Type: research
