Prediction of systemic free and total valproic acid by off-line analysis of exhaled breath in epileptic children and adolescents
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of medications with a narrow therapeutic window is a common clinical practice to minimize toxic effects and maximize clinical outcomes. Routine analyses rely on the quantification of systemic blood concentrations of drugs. Alternative matrices such as exhaled breath are appealing because of their inherent non-invasive nature. This is especially the case for pediatric patients. We have recently showcased the possibility of predicting systemic concentrations of valproic acid (VPA), an anti-seizure medication by real-time breath analysis in two real clinical settings. This approach, however, ...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - September 18, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Mo Awchi, Kapil Dev Singh, Patricia E Dill, Urs Frey, Alexandre N Datta and Pablo Sinues Source Type: research
Changes in lung epithelial cell volatile metabolite profile induced by pro-fibrotic stimulation with TGF- β1
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have shown promise as potential biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Measuring VOCs in the headspace of in vitro models of lung fibrosis may offer a method of determining the origin of those detected in exhaled breath. The aim of this study was to determine the VOCs associated with two lung cell lines (A549 and MRC-5 cells) and changes associated with stimulation of cells with the pro-fibrotic cytokine, transforming growth factor (TGF)- β1. A dynamic headspace sampling method was used to sample the headspace of A549 cells and MRC-5 cells. These were compared to media control sampl...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - September 6, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Conal Hayton, Waqar Ahmed, Peter Cunningham, Karen Piper-Hanley, Laurence Pearmain, Nazia Chaudhuri, Colm Leonard, John F Blaikley and Stephen J Fowler Source Type: research
Effect of ambient temperature and respiration rate on nasal dominance: preliminary findings from a nostril-specific wearable
The nasal dominance (ND) determination is crucial for nasal synchronized ventilator, optimum nasal drug delivery, identifying brain hemispheric dominance, nasal airway obstruction surgery, mindfulness breathing, and for possible markers of a conscious state. Given these wider applications of ND, it is interesting to understand the patterns of ND with varying temperature and respiration rates. In this paper, we propose a method which measures peak-to-peak temperature oscillations (difference between end-expiratory and end-inspiratory temperature) for the left and right nostrils during nasal breathing. These nostril-specific...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - September 6, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Amit Kumar and Deepak Joshi Source Type: research
Diagnostic accuracy of eNose ‘breathprints’ for therapeutic drug monitoring of Tacrolimus trough levels in lung transplantation
In order to prevent long-term immunity-related complications after lung transplantation, close monitoring of immunosuppressant levels using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is paramount. Novel electronic nose (eNose) technology may be a non-invasive alternative to the current invasive procedures for TDM. We investigated the diagnostic and categorization capacity of eNose breathprints for Tacrolimus trough blood plasma levels (TACtrough) in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). We performed eNose measurements in stable LTR attending the outpatient clinic. We evaluated (1) the correlation between eNose measurements and TACtrou...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - September 4, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Nynke Wijbenga, Marjolein M Muller, Rogier A S Hoek, Bas J Mathot, Leonard Seghers, Joachim G J V Aerts, Brenda C M de Winter, Daniel Bos, Olivier C Manintveld and Merel E Hellemons Source Type: research
Diagnostic accuracy of eNose 'breathprints' for therapeutic drug monitoring of Tacrolimus trough levels in lung transplantation
In order to prevent long-term immunity-related complications after lung transplantation, close monitoring of immunosuppressant levels using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is paramount. Novel electronic nose (eNose) technology may be a non-invasive alternative to the current invasive procedures for TDM. We investigated the diagnostic and categorization capacity of eNose breathprints for Tacrolimus trough blood plasma levels (TACtrough) in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). We performed eNose measurements in stable LTR attending the outpatient clinic. We evaluated (1) the correlation between eNose measurements and TACtrou...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - September 4, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Nynke Wijbenga, Marjolein M Muller, Rogier A S Hoek, Bas J Mathot, Leonard Seghers, Joachim G J V Aerts, Brenda C M de Winter, Daniel Bos, Olivier C Manintveld and Merel E Hellemons Source Type: research
Alveolar gradients in breath analysis. A pilot study with comparison of room air and inhaled air by simultaneous measurements using ion mobility spectrometry
Analyzing exhaled breath samples, especially using a highly sensitive method such as MCC/IMS (multi-capillary column/ion mobility spectrometry), may also detect analytes that are derived from exogenous production. In this regard, there is a discussion about the optimal interpretation of exhaled breath, either by considering volatile organic compounds (VOCs) only in exhaled breath or by additionally considering the composition of room air and calculating the alveolar gradients. However, there are no data on whether the composition and concentration of VOCs in room air are identical to those in truly inhaled air directly bef...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - September 3, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: M Westhoff, M Ke ßler and J I Baumbach Source Type: research
Evaluation of different classification methods using electronic nose data to diagnose sarcoidosis
Electronic nose (eNose) technology is an emerging diagnostic application, using artificial intelligence to classify human breath patterns. These patterns can be used to diagnose medical conditions. Sarcoidosis is an often difficult to diagnose disease, as no standard procedure or conclusive test exists. An accurate diagnostic model based on eNose data could therefore be helpful in clinical decision-making. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of various dimensionality reduction methods and classifiers in order to design an accurate diagnostic model for sarcoidosis. Various methods of dimensionality reductio...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - August 28, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Iris G van der Sar, Nynke van Jaarsveld, Imme A Spiekerman, Floor J Toxopeus, Quint L Langens, Marlies S Wijsenbeek, Justin Dauwels and Catharina C Moor Source Type: research
A low-cost internal standard loader for solid-phase sorbing tools
Solid-phase sorption is widely used for the analysis of gaseous specimens as it allows at the same time to preconcentrate target analytes and store samples for relatively long periods. The addition of internal standards (ISs) in the analytical workflow can greatly reduce the variability of the analyses and improve the reliability of the protocols. In this work, we describe the development and testing of a portable system for the reliable production of gaseous mixture of 8D-Toluene in a 1L Silonite canister as well as its reproducible loading into solid-phase sorbing tools as ISs. The portable system was tested using needle...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - August 28, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: F M Vivaldi, S Reale, S Ghimenti, D Biagini, A Lenzi, T Lomonaco and F Di Francesco Source Type: research
Artificial intelligence can dynamically adjust strategies for auxiliary diagnosing respiratory diseases and analyzing potential pathological relationships
Respiratory diseases are one of the leading causes of human death and exacerbate the global burden of non-communicable diseases. Finding a method to assist clinicians pre-diagnose these diseases is an urgent task. Existing artificial intelligence-based methods can improve the clinical diagnosis efficiency, but still face challenges. For example, the lack of interpretability, the problem of information redundancy or missing caused by only using static data, the difficulty of model to learn the interdependence between features, and the performance of model is limited by sparse datasets, etc. To alleviate these problems, we p...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - August 24, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Quan Zhang, Binyue Chen and Guohua Liu Source Type: research
Breath analysis combined with cardiopulmonary exercise testing and echocardiography for monitoring heart failure patients: the AEOLUS protocol
This paper describes the AEOLUS pilot study which combines breath analysis with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and an echocardiographic examination for monitoring heart failure (HF) patients. Ten consecutive patients with a prior clinical diagnosis of HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction were prospectively enrolled together with 15 control patients with cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, type II diabetes or chronic ischemic heart disease. Breath samples were collected at rest and during CPET coupled with exercise stress echocardiography (CPET-ESE) protocol by means of needle trap mi...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - August 8, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Denise Biagini, Nicola R Pugliese, Federico M Vivaldi, Silvia Ghimenti, Alessio Lenzi, Francesca De Angelis, Matyas Ripszam, Tobias Bruderer, Silvia Armenia, Federica Cappeli, Stefano Taddei, Stefano Masi, Fabio Di Francesco and Tommaso Lomonaco Source Type: research
Publisher ’s Note: ‘Revisiting the Rationale of Mandatory Masking’ (2023 J. Breath Res.
4
042001)
(Source: Journal of Breath Research)
Source: Journal of Breath Research - August 6, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research
Publisher's Note: 'Revisiting the Rationale of Mandatory Masking' (2023 J. Breath Res.
4
042001)
(Source: Journal of Breath Research)
Source: Journal of Breath Research - August 6, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research
Oxylipin concentration shift in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients
Infection of airway epithelial cells with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to severe respiratory tract damage and lung injury with hypoxia. It is challenging to sample the lower airways non-invasively and the capability to identify a highly representative specimen that can be collected in a non-invasive way would provide opportunities to investigate metabolomic consequences of COVID-19 disease. In the present study, we performed a targeted metabolomic approach using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution chromatography (LC-MS) on exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collected from hospita...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - August 6, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Eva Borras, Mitchell M McCartney, Dante E Rojas, Tristan L Hicks, Nam K Tran, Tina Tham, Maya M Juarez, Lisa Franzi, Richart W Harper, Cristina E Davis and Nicholas J Kenyon Source Type: research
Revisiting the rationale of mandatory masking
In this perspective, we review the evidence for the efficacy of face masks to reduce the transmission of respiratory viruses, specifically severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and consider the value of mandating universal mask wearing against the widespread negative impacts that have been associated with such measures. Before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it was considered that there was little to no benefit in healthy people wearing masks as prophylaxis against becoming infected or as unwitting vectors of viral transmission. This accepted policy was hastily reversed early on in the pandemic, when distr...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - August 6, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jonathan D Beauchamp and Chris A Mayhew Source Type: research
Effect of immune responses on breath methane dynamics
Methane (CH4) which can be detected in human breath has long been exclusively associated with anaerobic microbial activity (methanogenesis) in the gastrointestinal tract. However, recent studies challenge this understanding by revealing that CH4 might also be produced endogenously in cells through oxidative –reductive stress reactions. Consequently, variations in breath CH4 levels compared to an individual's baseline level might indicate enhanced oxidative stress levels, and, therefore, monitoring breath CH4 levels might offer great potential for 'in vivo' diagnostics such as disease diagnosis, monit oring the efficacy o...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - August 2, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Daniela Polag and Frank Keppler Source Type: research
