Obituary: Professor David Smith
(Source: Journal of Breath Research)
Source: Journal of Breath Research - April 23, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Patrik Španěl and Terence H Risby Source Type: research
A review on isoprene in human breath
We summarize the history and review the literature on isoprene in exhaled breath and discuss the current evidence and models that describe its endogenous origin and consequence for understanding isoprene levels and their variations in exhaled breath. (Source: Journal of Breath Research)
Source: Journal of Breath Research - April 18, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: P Mochalski, J King, C A Mayhew and K Unterkofler Source Type: research
In vitro-in vivo correlation of aerosol deposition before and after metered-dose inhaler coaching in healthy children
Although pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) education is a routine part of childhood asthma management and encouraging 'optimal breathing patterns' (i.e. slowly, deeply, completely, and with a mouth seal on the mouthpiece) is an integral part of recommended pMDI education, there is currently no quantifiable way to determine if a child is inhaling their medication correctly or optimally through a valved holding chamber (VHC). The TipsHaler ™ (tVHC) is a prototype VHC device that measures inspiratory time, flow, and volume without changing the properties of the medication aerosol. The measurements in vivo recorded by ...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - April 12, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Michael D Davis, Jessica L Saunders, Coral Ringer, Rebecca Engberg, Yi Zhao, Rob DiBlasi and Bruce K Rubin Source Type: research
Breath analysis by ultra-sensitive broadband laser spectroscopy detects SARS-CoV-2 infection
Rapid testing is essential to fighting pandemics such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Exhaled human breath contains multiple volatile molecules providing powerful potential for non-invasive diagnosis of diverse medical conditions. We investigated breath detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection using cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy (CE-DFCS), a state-of-the-art laser spectroscopic technique capable of a real-time massive collection of broadband molecular absorption features at ro-vibrational quantum state resolution a...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - April 4, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Qizhong Liang, Ya-Chu Chan, Jutta Toscano, Kristen K Bjorkman, Leslie A Leinwand, Roy Parker, Eva S Nozik, David J Nesbitt and Jun Ye Source Type: research
A review on electronic nose for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response in lung cancer
Lung cancer is one of the common malignancies with high mortality rate and a poor prognosis. Most lung cancer cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage either due to limited resources of infrastructure, trained human resources, or delay in clinical suspicion. Low-dose computed tomography has emerged as a screening tool for lung cancer detection but this may not be a feasible option for most developing countries. Electronic nose is a unique non-invasive device that has been developed for lung cancer diagnosis and monitoring response by exhaled breath analysis of volatile organic compounds. The breath-print have been shown to...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - March 26, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Rohit Vadala, Bijay Pattnaik, Sunil Bangaru, Divyanjali Rai, Jaya Tak, Seetu Kashyap, Umashankar Verma, Geetika Yadav, RS Dhaliwal, Saurabh Mittal, Vijay Hadda, Karan Madan, Randeep Guleria, Anurag Agrawal and Anant Mohan Source Type: research
Assessment of an e-nose performance for the detection of COVID-19 specific biomarkers
Early, rapid and non-invasive diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is needed for the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 mainly affects the respiratory tract and lungs. Therefore, analysis of exhaled breath could be an alternative scalable method for reliable SARS-CoV-2 screening. In the current study, an experimental protocol using an electronic-nose ( ‘e-nose’) for attempting to identify a specific respiratory imprint in COVID-19 patients was optimized. Thus the analytical performances of the Cyranose®, a commercial e-nose device, wer...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - February 16, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Christelle Ghazaly, Krystyna Biletska, Etienne A Thevenot, Philippe Devillier, Emmanuel Naline, Stanislas Grassin-Delyle and Emmanuel Scorsone Source Type: research
Extracellular vesicles-derived miRNAs as mediators of pulmonary exacerbation in pediatric cystic fibrosis
Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) suffer from chronic inflammation and recurrent pulmonary exacerbations (PEs). We aimed to test whether a specific miRNA could be associated with the occurrence of PE. We sequenced extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived miRNA in sputum (n = 20), exhaled breath condensate (EBC) (n = 11), and serum (n = 8) samples from pediatric patients during PE and the stable stage of CF. Four miRNAs: let-7c, miR-16, miR-25-3p and miR-146a, have been selected for validation in a larger group with reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) in sputum and serum, or droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in ...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - February 10, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Zuzanna Stachowiak, Irena Wojsyk-Banaszak, Katarzyna Jo ńczyk-Potoczna, Beata Narożna, Wojciech Langwiński and Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz Source Type: research
Validation of the fractional exhaled breath temperature measurement: reference values
Exhaled breath temperature (EBT) is a known biomarker of inflammation and airways blood flow. As opposed to previous studies, we were able to measure temperature of separate fractions of exhaled breath (fEBT) (those from the peripheral and central airways). The aim was to validate the fEBT measurement method to determine the reference values and the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors on fEBT in healthy subjects. This cross-sectional study included 55 healthy adults in whom fEBT was repeatedly measured, two days in a row, using a FractAir ® device. Also, basal metabolic rate, level of physical activity, distance...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - February 10, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ivana Huljev Šipoš, Kristijan Šipoš, Justinija Steiner, Petra Grubić Rotkvić, Đivo Ljubičić, Ana Marija Šola, Emilija Lozo Vukovac, Tatjana Kereš and Davor Plavec Source Type: research
Breath VOC analysis and machine learning approaches for disease screening: a review
Early disease detection is often correlated with a reduction in mortality rate and improved prognosis. Currently, techniques like biopsy and imaging that are used to screen chronic diseases are invasive, costly or inaccessible to a large population. Thus, a non-invasive disease screening technology is the need of the hour. Existing non-invasive methods like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry, and proton transfer reaction-mass-spectrometry are expensive. These techniques necessitate experienced operators, making them unsuitable for a large population. Various non-invasive sources ...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - February 3, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Haripriya P, Madhavan Rangarajan and Hardik J Pandya Source Type: research
Compact laser spectroscopic sensor head prototype for time-resolved breath oxygen monitoring
A small and lightweight optical sensor head prototype with a disposable airway adapter for continuous mainstream monitoring of oxygen at high sampling rate is designed and tested on an optical benchtop. In terms of its size and functionality, the sensor head design is similar to current capnography systems from leading medical equipment manufacturers, and it has been designed within constraints of potential applications in direct breath oxygen monitoring that require direct interaction with the gas inside a breathing tube. The measurement precision of 0.1% O2 with a 10 ms integration time are well within the performance re...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - January 30, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Link Patrick and Gerard Wysocki Source Type: research
Hybrid volatilomics in cancer diagnosis by HS-GC-FID fingerprinting
Assessing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as cancer signatures is one of the most promising techniques toward developing non-invasive, simple, and affordable diagnosis. Here, we have evaluated the feasibility of employing static headspace extraction (HS) followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) as a screening tool to discriminate between cancer patients (head and neck —HNC, n = 15; and gastrointestinal cancer—GIC, n = 19) and healthy controls (n = 37) on the basis of a non-target (fingerprinting) analysis of oral fluid and urine. We evaluated the discrimination considering a single bodil...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - January 27, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Bruno Ruiz Brand ão da Costa, Ricardo Roberto da Silva, Vítor Luiz Caleffo Piva Bigão, Fernanda Maris Peria and Bruno Spinosa De Martinis Source Type: research
Investigation of an individual with background levels of exhaled isoprene: a case study
Isoprene is one of the most abundant and most frequently evaluated volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath. Recently, several individuals with background levels of exhaled isoprene have been identified. Here, case study data are provided for an individual, identified from a previous study, with this low prevalence phenotype. It is hypothesized that the individual will illustrate low levels of exhaled isoprene at rest and during exercise. At rest, the subject (7.1 ppb) shows background ( μ = 14.2 ± 7.0 ppb) levels of exhaled isoprene while the control group illustrates significantly higher quantities (μ = 266.2 ± 7...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - January 20, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sean W Harshman, Anne E Jung, Kraig E Strayer, Bryan L Alfred, John Mattamana, Alena R Veigl, Aubrianne I Dash, Charles E Salter, Madison A Stoner-Dixon, John T Kelly, Christina N Davidson, Rhonda L Pitsch and Jennifer A Martin Source Type: research
Human exhaled air diagnostic markers for respiratory tract infections in subjects receiving mechanical ventilation
In this study we developed a noninvasive diagnosis method based on collecting non-volatile compounds in human exhaled air. We hypothesized that non-volatile compound profiles could be effectively used for bacterial RTI diagnosis. Exhaled air samples were collected from subjects receiving mechanical ventilation diagnosed with or without bacterial RTI in intensive care units at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Truncated proteoforms, a class of non-volatile compounds, were characterized by top-down proteomics, and significant features associated with RTI were identified using feature selection algorithms. The results showed that t...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - January 19, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dapeng Chen, Marek A Mirski, Shuo Chen, Alese P Devin, Caroline R Haddaway, Emily R Caton, Wayne A Bryden and Michael McLoughlin Source Type: research
A gas-phase standard delivery system for direct breath analysis
In this study, we designed and evaluated a custom-built standard delivery system tailored for direct breath analysis. The system enables the simultaneous introduction of multiple gas-phase standard compounds into ambient MS setups in the lower parts-per-million (ppm) to parts-per-billion (ppb) range. To best mimic exhaled breath, the gas flow can be heated (37 °C–40 °C) and humidified (up to 98% relative humidity). Inter-laboratory comparison of the system included various SESI-HRMS setups, i.e. an Orbitrap and a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QTOF), and using both single- as well as multi-component stand...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - December 29, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Bettina Streckenbach, Justinas Sakas, Nathan Perkins, Malcolm Kohler, Alexander Moeller and Renato Zenobi Source Type: research
The miRNA-24, miRNA-21 expressions and matrix metalloproteinase-7 level in exhaled breath condensate of children with primary spontaneous pneumothorax
In conclusion, the miRNA-24 levels were significantly decreased in children with PSP. Taken together, children with PSP, especially those with bullous disease, should be closely monitored in the long-term period. (Source: Journal of Breath Research)
Source: Journal of Breath Research - December 15, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Tutku Soyer, Esra Birben, Servet Melike Ak ıncı, Gülnur Göllü, Özlem Boybeyi Türer, Özge Soyer, Murat Çakmak, Bülent Enis Şekerel and Feridun Cahit Tanyel Source Type: research
