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Total 1739 results found since Jan 2013.

Insulin Regulation of Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis
Compr Physiol. 2023 Jun 26;13(3):4785-4809. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c220015.ABSTRACTThe incidence of obesity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes (T2DM) continues to rise worldwide. The liver is a central insulin-responsive metabolic organ that governs whole-body metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, defining the mechanisms underlying insulin action in the liver is essential to our understanding of the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. During periods of fasting, the liver catabolizes fatty acids and stored glycogen to meet the metabolic demands of the body. In postprandial conditions, insulin signals to the liver to store exc...
Source: Comprehensive Physiology - June 26, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Kahealani Uehara Dominic Santoleri Anna E Garcia Whitlock Paul M Titchenell Source Type: research

Application of non ‐invasive bioreactance to assess hemodynamic function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
AbstractNon-invasive technologies have become popular for the clinical evaluation of cardiac function. The present study evaluated hemodynamic response to cardiopulmonary exercise stress testing using bioreactance technology in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The study included 29 patients with HCM (age 55  ± 15 years; 28% female) and 12 age (55 ± 14 years), and gender matched (25% female) healthy controls. All participants underwent maximal graded cardiopulmonary exercise stress testing with simultaneous non-invasive hemodynamic bioreactance and gas exchange. At rest, patients with HCM demonstrate...
Source: Physiological Reports - June 19, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Nduka Charles Okwose, Amy S. Fuller, Alaa I. Alyahya, Sarah J. Charman, Christopher Eggett, Peter Luke, Guy A. MacGowan, Djordje G. Jakovljevic Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin system improves cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats with late angiotensin II-dependent hypertension
In conclusion, we confirmed improved cardiac tolerance to I/R injury in hypertensive hypertrophied rats and showed that, in the late phase of hypertension, the myocardium is in a compensated phase.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - June 14, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Force sensor reduced measurement error compared with verbal command during sit ‐to‐stand assessment of cerebral autoregulation
AbstractCurrent methods estimate the time delay (TD) before the onset of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) from verbal command to stand. A force sensor used during a sit-to-stand dCA measure provides an objective moment an individual stands (arise-and-off, AO). We hypothesized that the detection of AO would improve the accuracy of TD compared with estimation. We measured middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) for 60  s sitting followed by 2-min standing, three times separated by 20 min. TD was calculated as the time from: (1) verbal command and (2) AO, until an increase in cer...
Source: Physiological Reports - June 13, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Alicen A. Whitaker, Eric D. Vidoni, Robert N. Montgomery, Kailee Carter, Katelyn Struckle, Sandra A. Billinger Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Stroke volume response during prolonged exercise depends on left ventricular filling: Evidence from a beta-blockade study
In conclusion, blocking HR drift enhances EDV and SV during prolonged exercise. These findings suggest that SV behavior is tightly related to filling time and loading conditions of the left ventricle.PMID:37306400 | DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00293.2022
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - June 12, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Fabio Giuseppe Laginestra Ole Kristian Berg Stian Kwak Nyberg Massimo Venturelli Eivind Wang Jan Helgerud Source Type: research

Proteomics analyses of acute kidney injury biomarkers in a rat exertional heat stroke model
In this study, a rat model of AKI caused by EHS was established, and the reliability of the model was evaluated by HE staining and biochemical assays. The expression of kidney tissue proteins in the EHS rats was analyzed using label-free liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 3,129 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were obtained, and 10 key proteins were finally identified, which included three upregulated proteins (Ahsg, Bpgm, and Litaf) and seven downregulated proteins (medium-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2 (Acsm2), Hadha, Keg1, Sh3glb1, Eif3d, Ambp, and Ddah2). The qPCR technique was used to va...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - June 12, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Sitagliptin therapy improves myocardial perfusion and arteriolar collateralization in chronically ischemic myocardium: A pilot study
In conclusion, in chronically ischemic myocardium, sitagliptin improves myocardial perfusion and arteriolar collateralization via the activation of pro-arteriogenic signaling pathways.
Source: Physiological Reports - June 11, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Sharif A. Sabe, Dwight Douglas Harris, Mark Broadwin, Mohamed Sabra, Cynthia M. Xu, Debolina Banerjee, M. Ruhul Abid, Frank W. Sellke Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Regulation of endothelial function by cigarette smoke and next-generation tobacco and nicotine products
Pflugers Arch. 2023 Jun 7. doi: 10.1007/s00424-023-02824-w. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCigarette smoking is the most important avoidable cardiovascular risk factor. It causes endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis and increases the risk of its severe clinical complications like coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Several next-generation tobacco and nicotine products have been developed to decrease some of the deleterious effects of regular tobacco smoking. This review article summarizes recent findings about the impact of cigarette smoking and next-generation tobac...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - June 7, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Justus Klein Patrick Diaba-Nuhoho Sindy Giebe Coy Brunssen Henning Morawietz Source Type: research