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Total 1739 results found since Jan 2013.
The role of class IIa histone deacetylases in regulating endothelial function
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are monolayer cells located in the inner layer of the blood vessel. Endothelial function is crucial in maintaining local and systemic homeostasis and is precisely regulated by sophisticated signaling pathways and epigenetic regulation. Endothelial dysfunctions are the main factors for the pathophysiological process of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases like atherosclerosis, hypertension, and stroke. In these pathologic processes, histone deacetylases (HDACs) involve in epigenetic regulation by removing acetyl groups from lysine residues of histones and regulating downstream gene ex...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - March 1, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Role of the renin –angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease and heart failure: Diagnostic biomarkers and therapy with drugs and natural products
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in blood pressure regulation. In some cases, this steering mechanism is affected by various deleterious factors (mainly via the overactivation of the RAS) causing cardiovascular damage, including coronary heart disease (CHD) that can ultimately lead to chronic heart failure (CHF). This not only causes cardiovascular disability and absenteeism from work but also imposes significant healthcare costs globally. The incidence of cardiovascular diseases has escalated exponentially over the years with the major outcome in the form of CHD, stroke, and CHF. The involvement o...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 23, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Flow development and leading edge vorticity in bristled insect wings
In this study, we quantified the ability of bristled wings to generate a leading edge vortex (LEV) for lift support during wing flapping, scored its circulation during wing translation, and investigated its behaviour at the stroke reversals. The data were measured in robotic model wings flapping with a generic kinematic pattern at Reynolds number of ~ 3.4, while applying two-dimensional particle image velocimetry. We found that aerodynamic performance due to LEV circulation linearly decreases with increasing bristle spacing. The wings ofGynaikothrips ficorum might thus produce approximately 9% less aerodynamic force f...
Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology - February 22, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease and Dysregulation in Down Syndrome
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2023 Feb 17. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00544.2022. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis scoping review and retrospective medical record review is focused on potential sex differences in cardiovascular diseases in patients with Down syndrome. We limited our review to peer-reviewed, primary articles in the English language, in the PubMed and Web of Science databases from 1965-2021. Four categorical domains were identified and searched using additional keywords: 1) congenital heart disease, 2) baseline physiology and risk factors, 3) heart disease and hypertension, and 4) stroke and cerebrovascular ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - February 17, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Melissa L Bates Anastasiia Vasileva Laura D M Flores Yana Pryakhina Michelle Buckman Michael H Tomasson Lara R DeRuisseau Source Type: research
Embolic occlusion of internal carotid artery in conscious rats: Immediate effects of cerebral ischemia
In a refinement of the embolic clot stroke model, injection of different length blood clots into the internal carotid artery of unanesthetized rats produced graded increases in arterial blood pressure, brain water content, neurological deficits, and infarct volume. The increase in arterial pressure correlated with the eventual volume of infarcted brain tissue. AbstractIn most preclinical models of focal ischemic stroke, vascular occlusion is performed under general anesthesia. However, anesthetic agents exert confounding effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), cerebrovascular tone, oxygen demand, and neurotransmitt...
Source: Physiological Reports - February 17, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Thomas J. K. Toung,
Noah Mehr,
Marek Mirski,
Raymond C. Koehler Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Durability is improved by both low and high intensity endurance training
Conclusion: Durability improved similarly by both LIT and HIT based on reduced physiological drifts, their postponed onsets, and changes in physiological strain. Despite durability enhanced among untrained people, a 10-week intervention did not alter drifts and their onsets in a large amount, even though it attenuated physiological strain.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 16, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Heart rate variability as a predictor of stroke course, functional outcome, and medical complications: A systematic review
Discussion: The present study showed that HRV could be considered a promising biomarker of a stroke outcome and its complications. However, further research is needed to establish a methodology for appropriate quantification and interpretation of HRV-derived parameters.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 9, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) preferentially binds to collagen- rich regions of porcine carotid arteries and human atherosclerotic plaques observed using contrast enhanced micro-computed tomography (CE- µCT)
Conclusion: The work presented here is unique as it offers a quantitative method of segmenting the vessel wall into its individual components and non-destructively quantifying the collagen content within these tissues, whilst also delivering a visual representation of the fibrous structure using a single contrast agent.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 2, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Carotid dysfunction in senescent female mice is mediated by increased α < sub > 1A < /sub > -adrenoceptor activity and COX-derived vasoconstrictor prostanoids
In conclusion, senescence intensifies vasoconstriction mediated by a1A-adrenergic signaling in the carotid of female mice by mechanisms involving increased iCa+2 and release of cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids.PMID:36705993 | DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00495.2022
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - January 27, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Tiago J Costa Paula R Barros Diego A Duarte J úlio A Silva-Neto Sara Cristina Hott Thamyris Santos-Silva Claudio M Costa-Neto Felipe V Gomes Eliana H Akamine Cameron G McCarthy Francesc Jim énez-Altayó Ana Paula Dantas Rita C Tostes Source Type: research
Impact of Right Ventricular Reserve on Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Device
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2023 Jan 27. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00626.2022. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAlthough measuring right ventricular (RV) function during exercise is more informative than assessing it at rest, the relationship between RV reserve function, exercise capacity, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) in patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) remains unresolved. We aimed to investigate whether RV reserve assessed by the change in RV stroke work index (RVSWI) during exercise is correlated with exercise capacity and HRQoL in patients with LVAD. We prospectively assessed 24 consecuti...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - January 27, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Sakae Takenaka Takuma Sato Toshiyuki Nagai Kazunori Omote Yuta Kobayashi Kiwamu Kamiya Takao Konishi Atsushi Tada Yoshifumi Mizuguchi Yuki Takahashi Seiichiro Naito Kohei Saiin Suguru Ishizaka Satoru Wakasa Toshihisa Anzai Source Type: research
