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Total 656 results found since Jan 2013.

Moesin Functionality in Hypothermic Liver Preservation Injury.
In conclusion, moesin is causally involved in hypothermic liver cell preservation injury through control of its active binding molecular functionality. PMID: 24836372 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cryobiology - May 13, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Tian T, Lindell SL, Kowalski C, Mangino MJ Tags: Cryobiology Source Type: research

Protocol: a beginner's guide to the analysis of RNA-directed DNA methylation in plants
Conclusions: We have developed a procedure for quantitative investigations on nucleic acids that are core components of RNA-directed DNA methylation. Our results not only demonstrated the efficacy of this procedure, but also provide lists of methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes, novel DNA methylation marker loci, and related siRNA sequences, all of which can be valuable for future epigenetic studies. Importantly, step-by-step protocols are provided in details such that the approaches can be easily followed by biologists with little experience in epigenetics.
Source: Plant Methods - June 14, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Huiming ZhangKai TangBangshing WangCheng-Guo DuanZhaobo LangJian-Kang Zhu Source Type: research

Thioredoxin-1 Redox Signaling Regulates Cell Survival in Response to Hyperoxia.
Abstract The most common form of newborn chronic lung disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), is thought to be caused by oxidative disruption of lung morphogenesis which results in decreased pulmonary vasculature and alveolar simplification. Although cellular redox status is known to regulate cellular proliferation and differentiation, redox-sensitive pathways associated with these processes in developing pulmonary epithelium are unknown. Redox sensitive pathways are commonly regulated by cysteine thiol modifications. Therefore two thiol oxidoreductase systems, thioredoxin and glutathione, were chosen in order ...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - August 5, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Floen MJ, Forred BJ, Bloom EJ, Vitiello PF Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

PGC-1α is associated with C2C12 Myoblast differentiation
Abstract PGC-1α has been implicated as an important mediator of functional capacity of skeletal muscle. However, the role of PGC-1α in myoblast differentiation remains unexplored. In the present study, we observed a significant up-regulation of PGC-1α expression during the differentiation of murine C2C12 myoblast. To understand the biological significance of PGC-1α up-regulation in myoblast differentiation, C2C12 cells were transfected with murine PGC-1α cDNA and siRNA targeting PGC-1α, respectively. PGC-1α over-expressing clones fused to form typical myotubes with higher mRNA level of myosin heavy chain i...
Source: Central European Journal of Biology - September 26, 2014 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Drawing siRNAs of Viral Origin Out from Plant siRNAs Libraries
Viruses are obligate intracellular entities that infect all forms of life. In plants, invading viral nucleic acids trigger RNA silencing machinery and it results in the accumulation of viral short interfering RNAs (v-siRNAs). The study of v-siRNAs population in biological samples has become a major part of many research projects aiming to identify viruses infecting them, including unknown viruses, even at extremely low titer. Currently, siRNA populations are investigated by high-throughput sequencing approaches, which generate very large data sets. The major difficulty in these studies is to properly analyze such huge amou...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Plant Sciences - October 9, 2014 Category: Biology Source Type: news

Examination of the genetic basis for sexual dimorphism in the Aedes aegypti (dengue vector mosquito) pupal brain
Conclusions These studies revealed sex-specific gene expression profiles in the developing A. aegypti pupal head and identified Doublesex as a key regulator of sexually dimorphic gene expression during mosquito neural development.
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - October 21, 2014 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Competitive regulation of human intestinal β-Carotene 15,15’-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) gene expression by hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1α and HNF-4α
Publication date: Available online 30 October 2014 Source:Life Sciences Author(s): Noriaki Yamaguchi , Akiko Sunto , Toshinao Goda , Kazuhito Suruga Aim Among the pro-vitamin A carotenoids, β-carotene is an excellent source of vitamin A. β-Carotene 15,15’-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) is a critical enzyme involved in the conversion of β-carotene into vitamin A (retinal) in the small intestine of many vertebrates. In the present study, we investigated the regulation of human BCMO1 gene expression using human intestinal Caco-2 BBe cells. Main methods We performed electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunopr...
Source: Life Sciences - November 4, 2014 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Competitive regulation of human intestinal β-carotene 15,15′-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) gene expression by hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1α and HNF-4α
Publication date: Available online 30 October 2014 Source:Life Sciences Author(s): Noriaki Yamaguchi , Akiko Sunto , Toshinao Goda , Kazuhito Suruga Aim Among the pro-vitamin A carotenoids, β-carotene is an excellent source of vitamin A. β-Carotene 15,15′-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) is a critical enzyme involved in the conversion of β-carotene into vitamin A (retinal) in the small intestine of many vertebrates. In the present study, we investigated the regulation of human BCMO1 gene expression using human intestinal Caco-2 BBe cells. Main methods We performed electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunopr...
Source: Life Sciences - November 5, 2014 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Fish oil constituent eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits endothelin-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PPAR-α
In conclusion, the present study shows that EPA attenuates ET-1 induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by up regulating levels of PPAR-α pathway. Graphical abstract
Source: Life Sciences - November 9, 2014 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Endothelin-1 regulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and -2α stability through prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 inhibition in human lymphatic endothelial cells
Publication date: Available online 6 March 2014 Source:Life Sciences Author(s): Valentina Caprara , Silvia Scappa , Emirena Garrafa , Valeriana Di Castro , Laura Rosanò , Anna Bagnato , Francesca Spinella Aims Lymphangiogenesis, the formation of new lymphatic vessels, is thought to constitute a route for the tumor cells to metastasize. We previously demonstrated that endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces the expression of lymphangiogenic factors through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α. The stability of these transcriptional factors is essential for lymph/angiogenesis and tumor progression. Here we analyze the molec...
Source: Life Sciences - November 9, 2014 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Matrix metalloproteinase 9-mediated shedding of syndecan 4 in response to tumor necrosis factor {alpha}: a contributor to endothelial cell glycocalyx dysfunction Research Communications
The endothelial surface glycocalyx is a hydrated mesh in which proteoglycans are prominent. It is damaged in diseases associated with elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). We investigated the mechanism of TNF-α-induced disruption of the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx. We used conditionally immortalized human glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs), quantitative PCR arrays, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and dot blots to examine the effects of TNF-α. TNF-α induced syndecan 4 (SDC4) mRNA up-regulation by 2.5-fold, whereas cell surface SDC4 and heparan su...
Source: FASEB Journal - October 30, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Ramnath, R., Foster, R. R., Qiu, Y., Cope, G., Butler, M. J., Salmon, A. H., Mathieson, P. W., Coward, R. J., Welsh, G. I., Satchell, S. C. Tags: Research Communications Source Type: research

EphB2 contributes to human naive B-cell activation and is regulated by miR-185 Research Communications
In this study, the expression of EphB2 on B cells was tested by Western blot, and the roles of EphB2 in B-cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, and immunoglobulin (Ig) production were evaluated using EphB2 siRNA interference in human B cells from healthy volunteers. Our study revealed that EphB2 was distributed on naive B cells and was up-regulated on activated B cells. Moreover, B-cell proliferation (decreased by 22%, P<0.05), TNF-α secretion (decreased by 40%, P<0.01) and IgG production (decreased by 26%, P < 0.05) were depressed concordantly with the down-regulated EphB2 expression. Subsequently, we scr...
Source: FASEB Journal - July 30, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Yu, M., Liang, W., Wen, S., Zhao, T., Zhu, M.-X., Li, H.-H., Long, Q., Wang, M., Cheng, X., Liao, Y.-H., Yuan, J. Tags: Research Communications Source Type: research

Opiorphin is a master regulator of the hypoxic response in corporal smooth muscle cells Research Communications
Men with sickle cell disease (SCD) risk developing priapism. Recognizing that SCD is a disease of hypoxia, we investigated the effect of hypoxia on gene expression in corporal smooth muscle (CSM) cells. Rat CSM cells in vitro were treated with CoCl2 or low oxygen tension to mimic hypoxia. Hypoxic conditions increased expression of genes previously associated with priapism in animal models. Variable coding sequence a1 (Vcsa1; the rat opiorphin homologue, sialorphin), hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (Hif-1a), and A2B adenosine receptor (a2br) were increased by 10-, 4-, and 6-fold, respectively, by treatment with CoCl2, whereas l...
Source: FASEB Journal - July 30, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Fu, S., Tar, M. T., Melman, A., Davies, K. P. Tags: Research Communications Source Type: research

The NADPH oxidase NOX5 protects against apoptosis in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma cell lines.
CONCLUSION: These results indicate that NOX5-derived ROS contributes to apoptosis blockage in ALK+ ALCL cell lines and suggest NOX5 as a potential pharmaceutical target to enhance apoptosis thus, to suppress tumor progression and prevent relapse in pediatric ALK+ ALCL patients that resist classical therapeutic approaches. PMID: 25797883 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - March 19, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Carnesecchi S, Rougemont AL, Doroshow JH, Nagy M, Mouche S, Gumy-Pause F, Szanto I Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

4-Hydroxynonenal induces Nrf2-mediated UCP3 upregulation in mouse cardiomyocytes.
Abstract 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is a highly cytotoxic product of lipid peroxidation. Nevertheless, at low concentrations, it is able to mediate cell signalling and to activate protective pathways, including that of the transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2). In addition, HNE activates uncoupling proteins (UCPs), mitochondrial inner membrane proteins that mediate uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and have been proposed to protect against oxidative stress. It is not known, however, whether HNE might induce UCPs expression via Nrf2 to cause mitochondrial uncoupling. We invest...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - April 2, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: López-Bernardo E, Anedda A, Sánchez-Pérez P, Acosta-Iborra B, Cadenas S Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research