Filtered By:
Specialty: Biology

This page shows you your search results in order of relevance. This is page number 18.

Order by Relevance | Date

Total 656 results found since Jan 2013.

Cux2 acts as a critical regulator for neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium of vertebrates.
Abstract Signaling pathways and transcription factors are crucial regulators of vertebrate neurogenesis, exerting their function in a spatial and temporal manner. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the molecular regulation of embryonic neurogenesis, little is known regarding how different signaling pathways interact to tightly regulate this process during the development of neuroepithelia. To address this, we have investigated the events lying upstream and downstream of a key neurogenic factor, the Cut-like homeodomain transcription factor-2 (Cux2), during embryonic neurogenesis in chick and mouse. By...
Source: Developmental Biology - February 7, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Wittmann W, Iulianella A, Gunhaga L Tags: Dev Biol Source Type: research

Oxaliplatin activates the KEAP1/NRF2 antioxidant system conferring protection against the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs.
Abstract Oxaliplatin is an important drug in the treatment of advanced metastatic colorectal cancer. NF-E2 P45-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a key transcription factor that controls genes encoding cytoprotective and detoxifying enzymes through antioxidant response elements (AREs) in their regulatory regions. Here, we report that oxaliplatin is an activator of the NRF2 signaling pathway, with up-regulation of ARE-driven genes and glutathione elevation. An injection of oxaliplatin into mice enhanced the expression of glutathione transferases and antioxidant enzymes in the small and large intestines of wild-type (WT) mi...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - February 17, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Wang XJ, Li Y, Luo L, Wang H, Chi Z, Xin A, Li X, Wu J, Tang X Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Mitochondrial ascorbic acid transport is mediated by a low-affinity form of the sodium-coupled ascorbic acid transporter-2 (SVCT2).
We report here that human HEK-293 cells express a mitochondrial low-affinity ascorbic acid transporter that molecularly corresponds to SVCT2, a member of the sodium-coupled ascorbic acid transporter family 2. The transporter SVCT1 is absent from the HEK-293 cells. Confocal colocalization experiments with anti-SVCT2 and anti-organelle protein markers revealed that most of the SVCT2 immunoreactivity was associated with mitochondria, with minor colocalization at the endoplasmic reticulum and very low immunoreactivity at the plasma membrane. Immunoblotting of proteins extracted from highly purified mitochondrial fractions conf...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - March 1, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Muñoz-Montesino C, Roa FJ, Peña E, González M, Sotomayor K, Inostrosa E, Muñoz C, González I, Maldonado M, Soliz C, Reyes AM, Carlos Vera J, Rivas CI Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1-mediated DNA repair is associated with Rho-GTPase activation and smooth muscle α-actin polymerization.
Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are activators of cell signaling and modify cellular molecules, including DNA. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-guanine (8-oxoG) is one of the prominent lesions in oxidatively damaged DNA, whose accumulation is causally linked to various diseases and aging processes, while its etiological relevance is unclear. 8-oxoG is repaired by the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1)- initiated DNA base excision repair pathway (BER). OGG1 binds free 8-oxoG and this complex functions as an activator of Ras family GTPases. Here we examined whether OGG1-initiated BER is associated with the activation of ...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - March 26, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Luo J, Hosoki K, Bacsi A, Radak Z, Hegde ML, Sur S, Hazra TK, Brasier AR, Ba X, Boldogh I Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

The Vasa Homolog RDE-12 Engages Target mRNA and Multiple Argonaute Proteins to Promote RNAi in C. elegans.
Abstract Argonaute (AGO) proteins are key nuclease effectors of RNAi [1]. Although purified AGOs can mediate a single round of target RNA cleavage in vitro, accessory factors are required for small interfering RNA (siRNA) loading and to achieve multiple-target turnover [2, 3]. To identify AGO cofactors, we immunoprecipitated the C. elegans AGO WAGO-1, which engages amplified small RNAs during RNAi [4]. These studies identified a robust association between WAGO-1 and a conserved Vasa ATPase-related protein RDE-12. rde-12 mutants are deficient in RNAi, including viral suppression, and fail to produce amplified sec...
Source: Current Biology - March 26, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Shirayama M, Stanney W, Gu W, Seth M, Mello CC Tags: Curr Biol Source Type: research

AKT/mTOR and C-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) Signaling Pathways Are Required for Chrysotile Asbestos-Induced Autophagy.
Abstract Chrysotile asbestos is closely associated with excess mortality from pulmonary diseases such as lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis. Although multiple mechanisms in which chrysotile asbestos fibers induce pulmonary disease have been identified, the role of autophagy in human lung epithelial cells has not been examined. In the present study, we evaluated whether chrysotile asbestos induces autophagy in A549 human lung epithelial cells, and then analyzed the possible underlying molecular mechanism. Chrysotile asbestos-induced autophagy in A549 cells based on a series of biochemical and microscopic aut...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - April 12, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Lin Z, Liu T, Kamp DW, Wang Y, He H, Zhou X, Li D, Yang L, Zhao B, Liu G Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Inducible nitric oxide synthase is key to peroxynitrite-mediated, LPS-induced protein radical formation in murine microglial BV2 cells.
Abstract Microglia are the resident immune cells in the brain. Microglial activation is characteristic of several inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Though LPS-induced microglial activation in models of Parkinson's disease (PD) is well documented, the free radical-mediated protein radical formation and its underlying mechanism during LPS-induced microglial activation is not known. Here we have used immuno-spin trapping and RNA interference to investigate the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in peroxynitrite-mediated ...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - April 15, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Kumar A, Chen SH, Kadiiska MB, Hong JS, Zielonka J, Kalyanaraman B, Mason RP Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

VAPB/ALS8 interacts with FFAT-like proteins including the p97 cofactor FAF1 and the ASNA1 ATPase
Conclusions: The FFAT-like motifs we identified in FAF1 and ASNA1 demonstrate that sequences containing a single phenylalanine residue with the consensus (D/E)(D/E)FEDAx(D/E) are also proficient to mediate interaction with VAPB.Our findings indicate that the repertoire of VAPB interactors is more diverse than previously anticipated and link VAPB to the function of ATPase complexes such as p97/FAF1 and ASNA1/TRC.
Source: BMC Biology - Latest articles - May 29, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Yorann BaronPatrick PedrioliKshitiz TyagiClare JohnsonNicola WoodDaniel FountaineMelanie WightmanGabriela Alexandru Source Type: research

Protective effect of the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems in dopamine induced cell death.
In conclusion, our results suggest that the two redox systems are important for neuronal survival in dopamine induced cell death. PMID: 24863694 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - May 23, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Arodin L, Miranda-Vizuete A, Swoboda P, Fernandes AP Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Mutation of the RDR1 gene caused genome-wide changes in gene expression, regional variation in small RNA clusters and localized alteration in DNA methylation in rice
Conclusions: Our results showed that OsRDR1 plays a role in regulating a substantial number of endogenous genes with diverse functions in rice through smRNA-mediated pathways involving DNA methylation, and which participates in abiotic stress response.
Source: BMC Plant Biology - Latest articles - June 30, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Ningning WangDi ZhangZhenhui WangHongwei XunJian MaHui WangWei HuangYing LiuXiuyun LinNing LiXiufang OuChunyu ZhangMing-Bo WangBao Liu Source Type: research

Epigenetic modifications of Nrf2-mediated glutamate cysteine ligase: Implications in the development of diabetic retinopathy and in the metabolic memory phenomenon associated with its continued progression.
Abstract Diabetes increases oxidative stress in the retina and decreases the levels of intracellular antioxidant, GSH. Transcriptional factor Nrf2 regulates the expression of Gclc, the enzyme important in the biosynthesis of GSH, and in diabetes the binding of Nrf2 at the antioxidant response element region 4 (ARE4) is decreased. Our aim is to investigate the role of epigenetic modifications in the decreased Nrf2 binding at Gclc-ARE4 in the development of diabetic retinopathy, and in the metabolic memory associated with its continued progression. Effect of hyperglycemia on H3K4 methylation on Nrf2 binding at Gclc-...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - July 9, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Mishra M, Zhong Q, Kowluru RA Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

N(ε)-carboxymethyllysine mediated ER stress promotes endothelial cell injury through Nox4/MKP-3 interaction.
We examined whether ER localization of MAPK phosphatase-3 (MKP-3) is critical in regulating ERK inactivation and promotes NADPH oxidase-4 (Nox4) activation in CML-induced endothelial cell injury. We demonstrated that serum CML levels were significantly increased in type 2 diabetes patients and diabetic animals. CML induced ER stress and apoptosis, reduced ERK activation, and increased MKP-3 protein activity in HUVECs and SVECs. MKP-3 siRNA transfection, but not MKP-1 or MKP-2, abolished the effects of CML on HUVECs. Nox4-mediated activation of MKP-3 regulated the switch to ERK de-phosphorylation. CML also increased the int...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - July 8, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Lee WJ, Huey-Herng Sheu W, Liu SH, Yi YC, Chen WC, Lin SY, Liang KW, Shen CC, Yeh HY, Lin LY, Tsai YC, Tien HR, Lee MR, Yang TJ, Sheu ML Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Essential role of the cancer stem/progenitor cell marker nucleostemin for indole-3-carbinol anti-proliferative responsiveness in human breast cancer cells
Conclusions: Our results provide the first evidence that a natural anti-cancer compound mediates its cellular and in vivo tumor anti-proliferative responses by selectively stimulating cellular interactions of the stem/progenitor cell marker nucleostemin with MDM2, which frees p53 to trigger its apoptotic response. Furthermore, our study provides a new mechanistic template that can be potentially exploited for the development of cancer stem/progenitor cell targeted therapeutic strategies.
Source: BMC Biology - Latest articles - September 12, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Antony TinAnna ParkShyam SundarGary Firestone Source Type: research

Characterizing Protein Interactions Employing a Genome-Wide siRNA Cellular Phenotyping Screen
by Apichat Suratanee, Martin H. Schaefer, Matthew J. Betts, Zita Soons, Heiko Mannsperger, Nathalie Harder, Marcus Oswald, Markus Gipp, Ellen Ramminger, Guillermo Marcus, Reinhard Männer, Karl Rohr, Erich W.er, Robert B. Russell, Miguel A. Andrade-Navarro, Roland Eils, Rainer König Characterizing the activating and inhibiting effect of protein-protein interactions (PPI) is fundamental to gain insight into the complex signaling system of a human cell. A plethora of methods has been suggested to infer PPI from data on a large scale, but none of them is able to characterize the effect of this interaction. Here, we present ...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - September 25, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Apichat Suratanee et al. Source Type: research

The STAT5-regulated miR-193b locus restrains mammary stem and progenitor cell activity and alveolar differentiation.
This study has identified the miR-193b locus, also encoding miRNAs 365-1 and 6365, as a STAT5 target in mammary epithelium. While the locus was characterized by active histone marks in mammary tissue, STAT5 binding and expression during pregnancy, it was silent in most non-mammary cells. Inactivation of the miR-193b locus in mice resulted in elevated mammary stem/progenitor cell activity as judged by limiting dilution transplantation experiments of primary mammary epithelial cells. Colonies formed by mutant cells were larger and contained more Ki-67 positive cells. Differentiation of mammary epithelium lacking the miR-193b...
Source: Developmental Biology - September 16, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Hyun Yoo K, Kang K, Feuermann Y, Jin Jang S, Robinson GW, Hennighausen L Tags: Dev Biol Source Type: research