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Total 656 results found since Jan 2013.

Suppression of StarD7 promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress and induces ROS production.
Abstract StarD7 is an intracellular lipid transport protein identified as up-regulated in the choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cell line. StarD7 facilitates the delivery of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to the mitochondria, and StarD7 knockdown causes a reduction in phospholipid synthesis. Since inhibition of PC synthesis may lead to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress we hypothesized that StarD7 may be involved in maintaining cell homeostasis. Here, we examined the effect of StarD7 silencing on ER stress response and on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. StarD7 knockdown induced alte...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - August 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Flores-Martín J, Reyna L, Ridano ME, Panzetta-Dutari GM, Genti-Raimondi S Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Knockdown of DNA methyltransferase 3a alters gene expression and inhibits function of embryonic cardiomyocytes Research
We previously found that in utero caffeine exposure causes down-regulation of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in embryonic heart and results in impaired cardiac function in adulthood. To assess the role of DNMTs in these events, we investigated the effects of reduced DNMT expression on embryonic cardiomyocytes. siRNAs were used to knock down individual DNMT expression in primary cultures of mouse embryonic cardiomyocytes. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to evaluate cell morphology. A video-based imaging assay and multielectrode array were used to assess cardiomyocyte contractility and electrophysiology, respective...
Source: FASEB Journal - August 31, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Fang, X., Poulsen, R. R., Wang-Hu, J., Shi, O., Calvo, N. S., Simmons, C. S., Rivkees, S. A., Wendler, C. C. Tags: Research Source Type: research

Advanced Oxidation Protein Products Sensitized the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 via NADPH Oxidase 1 and 4 to Cause Mechanical Hyperalgesia
In conclusion, AOPPs increased significantly in CFA-induced hyperalgesia rats and they activated Nox1/Nox4-ROS to sensitize TRPV1-dependent Ca2+ influx and CGRP release which led to inducing mechanical hyperalgesia. Graphical abstract
Source: Redox Biology - September 17, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Suppression of Kv1.5 protects against endothelial apoptosis induced by palmitate and in type 2 diabetes mice
Publication date: 1 January 2017 Source:Life Sciences, Volume 168 Author(s): Jie-Yi Du, Feng Yuan, Li-Yan Zhao, Jie Zhu, Yun-Ying Huang, Gen-Shui Zhang, Yi Wei, Yun Liu, Quan Yi, Yong-sheng Tu, Xiao Zhong, Fang-Yun Sun, Hong-Shuo Sun, Yong-Yuan Guan, Wen-Liang Chen, Guan-Lei Wang Aims Palmitate, a common saturated free fatty acid, induces endothelial apoptosis in vitro in culture endothelial cells and in vivo in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The present study aimed to investigate whether Kv1.5 regulates palmitate-induced endothelial apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction in T2DM. Main methods In vitro experimen...
Source: Life Sciences - November 22, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Autophagy regulates turnover of lipid droplets via ROS-dependent Rab25 activation in hepatic stellate cell
In this study, we sought to investigate the role of autophagy in the process of LD disappearance, and to further examine the underlying mechanisms in this molecular context. We found that LD disappearance during HSC activation was associated with a coordinate increase in autophagy. Inhibition or depletion of autophagy by Atg5 siRNA impaired LD disappearance of quiescent HSCs, and also restored lipocyte phenotype of activated HSCs. In contrast, induction of autophagy by Atg5 plasmid accelerated LD loss of quiescent HSCs. Importantly, our study also identified a crucial role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the facilitat...
Source: Redox Biology - December 21, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Protective effects of coffee against oxidative stress induced by the tobacco carcinogen benzo αpyrene.
CONCLUSION: A common UGT1A haplotype, prevalent in 9% (homozygous) of the White population, significantly impairs the expression of UGT1A enzymes in response to the putative tobacco carcinogen BaP and is likely to represent a significant risk factor for reduced detoxification and increased genotoxicity. Coffee was demonstrated to inhibit BaP-induced production of oxidative stress by UGT1A activation, and is therefore an attractive candidate for chemoprotection in risk groups for HCC or other tumors. PMID: 28300668 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - March 11, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Kalthoff S, Landerer S, Reich J, Strassburg CP Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Toll-like receptor 9 mediates paraquat-induced acute lung injury: An in vitro and in vivo study
This study aimed to investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 9 in paraquat-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Main methods For in vivo study,C57BL mice were randomly assigned into the vehicle control group, paraquat group, paraquat + antagonist (ODN2088) group, and antagonist (ODN2088) group (n =24 per group). After paraquat 30mg/kg ip for 2, 24 and 48h, serum samples and lung tissues were collected to evaluate ALI and TLR9 signaling. As for in vitro research A549 cells were randomly divided into the control group, paraquat group, paraquat + TLR9 siRNA group, and TLR9 siRNA group. After paraquat treatment for 24h, the cell...
Source: Life Sciences - March 29, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Epigallocatechin Gallate Upregulates NRF2 to Prevent Diabetic Nephropathy via Disabling KEAP1.
Abstract Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and effective green tea catechin and has been reported to attenuate diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the mechanism by which EGCG ameliorates DN, till now, has remained unclear. EGCG is known as a potent activator of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which plays a key role in cellular defense against diabetes-induced oxidative stress and in the prevention of DN. In the present study, we tested whether NRF2 is required for EGCG protection against DN. Therefore, C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and Nrf2 knockout mice were induced to diabetes by ...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - April 27, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Sun W, Liu X, Zhang H, Song Y, Li T, Liu X, Liu Y, Guo L, Wang F, Yang T, Guo W, Wu J, Jin H, Wu H Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Cooperation of Musashi-2, Numb, MDM2, and P53 in drug resistance and malignant biology of pancreatic cancer Research
Our earlier work showed that Musashi (MSI)-2 promoted the development of pancreatic cancer (PC) by down-regulating Numb, which prevented murine double-minute (MDM)-2–mediated p53 ubiquitin degradation. Thus, we investigate the relationship among MSI2, Numb, MDM2, and p53 in PC in vitro and in vivo, an association that has not been reported to our knowledge. MSI2 had no relationship with mutant p53 (mtp53) and wild-type p53 (wtp53) in normal PC cells. However, in response to gemcitabine or cisplatin treatment, MSI2 silencing simultaneously down-regulated MDM2 and up-regulated Numb and wtp53 protein levels. Moreover, t...
Source: FASEB Journal - June 1, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Sheng, W., Dong, M., Chen, C., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Wang, K., Li, Y., Zhou, J. Tags: Research Source Type: research

Role of HSP60 (HSPD1) in diabetes-induced renal tubular dysfunction: regulation of intracellular protein aggregation, ATP production, and oxidative stress Research
Because underlying mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy/tubulopathy remained poorly understood, we aimed to define a key protein involving in hyperglycemia-induced renal tubular dysfunction. All altered renal proteins identified from previous large-scale proteome studies were subjected to global protein network analysis, which revealed heat shock protein 60 (HSP60, also known as HSPD1) as the central node of protein–protein interactions. Functional validation was performed using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knock down HSP60 (siHSP60). At 48 h after exposure to high glucose (HG) (25 mM), Madin-Darby canine kidney (M...
Source: FASEB Journal - May 1, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Aluksanasuwan, S., Sueksakit, K., Fong-ngern, K., Thongboonkerd, V. Tags: Research Source Type: research

Role of canonical transient receptor potential channel-3 in acetylcholine-induced mouse airway smooth muscle cell proliferation
Publication date: Available online 9 August 2017 Source:Life Sciences Author(s): Xiao-Xu Chen, Jia-Hua Zhang, Bin-Hua Pan, Hui-Li Ren, Xiu-Ling Feng, Jia-Ling Wang, Jun-Hua Xiao Aims Canonical transient receptor potential channel-3 (TRPC3)-encoded Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel (NSCC) has been proven to be an important native constitutively active channel in airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC), which plays significant roles in physiological and pathological conditions by controlling Ca2+ homeostasis in ASMC. Acetylcholine (ACh) is generally accepted as a contractile parasympathetic neurotransmitter in the airway....
Source: Life Sciences - August 9, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Acute telomerase components depletion triggers oxidative stress as an early event previous to telomeric shortening
Publication date: Available online 7 October 2017 Source:Redox Biology Author(s): José Santiago Ibáñez-Cabellos, Gisselle Pérez-Machado, Marta Seco-Cervera, Ester Berenguer-Pascual, José Luis García-Giménez, Federico V. Pallardó Loss of function of dyskerin (DKC1), NOP10 and TIN2 are responsible for different inheritance patterns of Dyskeratosis congenita (DC; ORPHA1775). They are key components of telomerase (DKC1 and NOP10) and shelterin (TIN2), and play an important role in telomere homeostasis. They participate in several fundamental cellular processes by contributing to Dyskeratosis congenita through mechanis...
Source: Redox Biology - October 7, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Non ‐steroidal Estrogen Receptor Isoform Selective Biphenyls
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Novel substituted biphenyl‐2,6‐diethanones are designed and synthesized targeting ERα isoform. MD simulations along with MM‐GBSA accounted for the binding selectivity of 3b towards ERα over ERβ. Co‐treatment and E‐screen studies indicated the ERα selective nature of 3b and anti‐estrogenicity. ERα siRNA silencing experiments further confirmed the isoform selectivity.
Source: Chemical Biology and Drug Design - October 20, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Seema Bhatnagar, Anjali Soni, Swati Kaushik, Megha Rikhi, T R Santhosh Kumar, B. Jayaram Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Nonsteroidal estrogen receptor isoform ‐selective biphenyls
Estrogen receptor (ER) has been a therapeutic target to treat ER‐positive breast cancer, most notably by agents known as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). However, resistance and severe adverse effects of known drugs gave impetus to the search for newer agents with better therapeutic profile. ERα and ERβ are two isoforms sharing 56% identity and having different physiological functions and expressions in various tissues. Only two residues differ in the active sites of the two isoforms motivating us to design isoform‐selective ligands. Guided by computational docking and molecular dynamics simulations, w...
Source: Chemical Biology and Drug Design - November 10, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Seema Bhatnagar, Anjali Soni, Swati Kaushik, Megha Rikhi, Thankayyan Retnabai Santhoshkumar, Bhyravabhotla Jayaram Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Knockdown of HIF-1 α inhibits the proliferation and migration of outer root sheath cells exposed to hypoxia in vitro: An involvement of Shh pathway
This study is performed to investigate whether hypoxia-induced elevation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, a transcriptional activator, contributes to the outgrowth of ORS cells in vitro. Main methods Hair follicles with intact ORS collected from 4-month old male American minks were cultured in normoxic or hypoxic condition (3% oxygen) for 7days. Primary ORS cells isolated from the mink hair follicles were exposed to hypoxia for 12, 24 or 48h, and their proliferation was analyzed with immunofluorescence assay using anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody. The migratory ability of ORS cells was detected...
Source: Life Sciences - November 27, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research