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Total 656 results found since Jan 2013.

Loss of Small-RNA-Directed DNA Methylation in the Plant Cell Cycle Promotes Germline Reprogramming and Somaclonal Variation.
Abstract 5-methyl cytosine is widespread in plant genomes in both CG and non-CG contexts. During replication, hemi-methylation on parental DNA strands guides symmetric CG methylation on nascent strands, but non-CG methylation requires modified histones and small RNA guides. Here, we used immortalized Arabidopsis cell suspensions to sort replicating nuclei and determine genome-wide cytosine methylation dynamics during the plant cell cycle. We find that symmetric mCG and mCHG are selectively retained in actively dividing cells in culture, whereas mCHH is depleted. mCG becomes transiently asymmetric during S phase bu...
Source: Current Biology - November 27, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Borges F, Donoghue MTA, LeBlanc C, Wear EE, Tanurdžić M, Berube B, Brooks A, Thompson WF, Hanley-Bowdoin L, Martienssen RA Tags: Curr Biol Source Type: research

NOD1 activation induces oxidative stress via NOX1/4 in adipocytes.
Abstract Activation of innate immune components promotes cell autonomous inflammation in adipocytes. Oxidative stress links pattern recognition receptor-mediated detection of inflammatory ligands and the immune response. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may mediate the effect of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein-1 (NOD1) activation on inflammation in adipocytes. Here, we define the potential role of NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived ROS in NOD1-mediated inflammatory response in adipocytes. Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with NOD1 activating ligand D-gamma-Glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP)...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - December 3, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Sharma A, Singh S, Ahmad S, Gulzar F, Schertzer JD, Tamrakar AK Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

The p53/NF-kappaB-dependent induction of sestrin2 by amyloid-beta peptides exerts antioxidative actions in neurons
Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 Apr 11:S0891-5849(21)00206-9. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.004. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAccumulation of senile plaques mainly composed of neurotoxic amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sestrin2 inducible by various types of stressors is known to promote autophagy and exert antioxidative effects. In this work, we revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying Aβ induction of sestrin2 and tested whether antioxidation, in addition to autophagy regulation, also contributes to its neuroprotective effects in primary rat cortical neurons. We fou...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - April 14, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Yi-Heng Hsieh A-Ching Chao Yi-Chun Lin Shang-Der Chen Ding-I Yang Source Type: research

Sodium fluoride activates the extrinsic apoptosis via regulating NOX4/ROS-mediated p53/DR5 signaling pathway in lung cells both in vitro and in vivo
In this study, we report that death receptor 5 (DR5), a major component of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, is markedly induced upon NaF stimulation. Enhanced DR5 induction was necessary for the apoptotic effects of NaF, inasmuch as transfected BEAS-2B cells with DR5 siRNA attenuated NaF-induced caspase-8 activation in lung cells. Mechanism investigation indicated that the induction of DR5, following NaF exposure, was mediated by tumor protein 53 (p53)-dependent transcriptional activation. Notably, we demonstrated that NaF could induce a significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level derived from...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - April 15, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Chao Song Dongmei Shi Kaiwen Chang Xianghui Li Qing Dong Xia Ma Xuefei Wang Zhenhuan Guo Yonglu Liu Jundong Wang Source Type: research

The p53/NF-kappaB-dependent induction of sestrin2 by amyloid-beta peptides exerts antioxidative actions in neurons
Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 Apr 11:S0891-5849(21)00206-9. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.004. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAccumulation of senile plaques mainly composed of neurotoxic amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sestrin2 inducible by various types of stressors is known to promote autophagy and exert antioxidative effects. In this work, we revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying Aβ induction of sestrin2 and tested whether antioxidation, in addition to autophagy regulation, also contributes to its neuroprotective effects in primary rat cortical neurons. We fou...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - April 14, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Yi-Heng Hsieh A-Ching Chao Yi-Chun Lin Shang-Der Chen Ding-I Yang Source Type: research

Sodium fluoride activates the extrinsic apoptosis via regulating NOX4/ROS-mediated p53/DR5 signaling pathway in lung cells both in vitro and in vivo
In this study, we report that death receptor 5 (DR5), a major component of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, is markedly induced upon NaF stimulation. Enhanced DR5 induction was necessary for the apoptotic effects of NaF, inasmuch as transfected BEAS-2B cells with DR5 siRNA attenuated NaF-induced caspase-8 activation in lung cells. Mechanism investigation indicated that the induction of DR5, following NaF exposure, was mediated by tumor protein 53 (p53)-dependent transcriptional activation. Notably, we demonstrated that NaF could induce a significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level derived from...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - April 15, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Chao Song Dongmei Shi Kaiwen Chang Xianghui Li Qing Dong Xia Ma Xuefei Wang Zhenhuan Guo Yonglu Liu Jundong Wang Source Type: research

Kisspeptin-54 attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats via GPR54/ARRB2/AKT/GSK3 β signaling pathway
In conclusion, our results suggested that administration of KP54 attenuated oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis and neurobehavioral impairments through GPR54/ARRB2/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway after SAH in rat. Thus, KP54 may provide an effective treatment strategy for SAH patients.PMID:33989759 | DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.012
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - May 14, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Yi Huang Yong Guo Lei Huang Yuanjian Fang Dujuan Li Rui Liu Qin Lu Reng Ren Lihui Tang Lifei Lian Yongmei Hu Jiping Tang Gao Chen John H Zhang Source Type: research

City of Hope and Griffith University develop direct-acting antiviral to treat COVID-19
(City of Hope) An international team of scientists have developed an experimental direct-acting antiviral therapy to treat COVID-19. Traditional antivirals reduce symptoms and help people recover earlier. This next-generation antiviral approach used gene-silencing RNA technology called siRNA (small-interfering RNA) to attack the virus' genome directly, which stops the virus from replicating, as well as lipid nanoparticles designed at Griffith University and City of Hope to deliver the siRNA to the lungs, the critical site of infection.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - May 18, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: news

Activation of Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II (CaMKII) with Lidocaine Provokes Pyroptosis of Glioblastoma Cells
The study examines the problem whether pyroptosis of U87-MG glioblastoma cells can result from activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) by a local anesthetic. Glioblastoma cells exposed to various concentrations of typical local anesthetic lidocaine demonstrated augmented cytosolic flux of Ca2+, while suppression of CaMKII expression with the corresponding siRNA significantly inhibited this effect in cells treated with 2 mM lidocaine. Lidocaine up-regulated the expression of mRNA caspase-3 and gasdermin GSDME proteins, whereas silencing of CaMKII gene with siRNA significantly moderated this effect...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 24, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Hydrogen sulfide alleviates particulate matter-induced emphysema and airway inflammation by suppressing ferroptosis
CONCLUSION: This research suggested that H2S alleviated PM-induced emphysema and airway inflammation via restoring redox balance and inhibiting ferroptosis through regulating Nrf2-PPAR-ferritinophagy signaling pathway.PMID:35490984 | DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.014
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - May 1, 2022 Category: Biology Authors: Ying Wang Sha Liao Zihan Pan Simin Jiang Jing Fan Siwang Yu Lixiang Xue Jianling Yang Shaohua Ma Tong Liu Jing Zhang Yahong Chen Source Type: research

HIF-1 α Mediates Arsenic-Induced Metabolic Reprogramming in Lung Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2022 Jun 17. doi: 10.1007/s12011-022-03315-2. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTArsenic is a common environmental pollutant that can cause damage to multiple systems and organs in the body. The lungs are particularly sensitive to arsenic exposure, and respiratory disease is thought to be the leading cause of death from arsenic poisoning. Our previous study found that human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells treated with NaAsO2 exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction accompanied by elevated HIF-1α; however, the molecular mechanism was unclear. The aim of the current study was to confirm the role of HIF-1α in ar...
Source: Biological Trace Element Research - June 17, 2022 Category: Biology Authors: Wenjuan Wang Aihua Zhang Source Type: research