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Total 656 results found since Jan 2013.

Lipid peroxidation product 4-Hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) causes protein synthesis in cardiac myocytes via activated mTORC1-P70S6K-RPS6 signaling.
Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are elevated in the heart in response to hemodynamic and metabolic stress, and promote hypertrophic signaling. ROS also mediate the formation of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes that may promote myocardial hypertrophy. One lipid peroxidation byproduct, 4-Hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE), is a reactive aldehyde that covalently modifies proteins thereby altering their function. HNE adducts directly inhibit the activity of LKB1, a serine/threonine kinase involved in regulating cellular growth in part through its interaction with the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), but whet...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - January 21, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Calamaras TD, Lee C, Lan F, Ido Y, Siwik DA, Colucci WS Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

TNF-α inhibitor protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via Notch1 mediated suppression of oxidative/nitrative stress.
This study aims to determine the involvement of TNF-a inhibitor with Notch1 in MI/R and delineate the related mechanism. Notch1 specific small interfering RNA (siRNA, 20μg) or Jagged1 (a Notch ligand, 12μg) was delivered through intramyocardial injection. 48h after injection, mice received 30min of myocardial ischemia followed by 3h (for cell apoptosis and oxidative/nitrative stress) and 24h (for infarct size and cardiac function) of reperfusion. 10min before reperfusion, mice randomly received intraperitoneal injection of vehicle, Etanercept, diphenyleneiodonium, 1400W or EUK134. Finally, downregulation of Notch1 signif...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - February 10, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Pei H, Song X, Peng C, Tan Y, Li Y, Li X, Ma S, Wang Q, Huang R, Yang D, Li, Gao E, Yang Y Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

MKK3 mediates inflammatory response through modulation of mitochondrial function.
Abstract Mitochondria are increasingly recognized as drivers of inflammatory responses. MAP kinase kinase 3 (MKK3), a dual-specificity protein kinase, is activated in inflammation and in turn activates p38 MAP kinase signaling. Here we show that MKK3 influences mitochondrial function and acts as a critical mediator of inflammation. MKK3 deficient (MKK3(-/-)) mice and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) secreted less cytokines than wild type (WT) after LPS exposure. There was improved mitochondrial function, as measured by basal oxygen consumption rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP production, in M...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - February 16, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Srivastava A, Shinn AS, Lee PJ, Mannam P Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Lysophosphatidate signaling stabilizes Nrf2 and increases the expression of genes involved in drug resistance and oxidative stress responses: implications for cancer treatment Research Communication
This study provides the first evidence that LPA increases antioxidant gene and multidrug-resistant transporter expression. Blocking this aspect of LPA signaling provides a novel strategy for improving chemotherapy.—Venkatraman, G., Benesch, M. G. K., Tang, X., Dewald, J., McMullen, T. P. W., Brindley, D. N. Lysophosphatidate signaling stabilizes Nrf2 and increases the expression of genes involved in drug resistance and oxidative stress responses: implications for cancer treatment.
Source: FASEB Journal - March 2, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Venkatraman, G., Benesch, M. G. K., Tang, X., Dewald, J., McMullen, T. P. W., Brindley, D. N. Tags: Research Communication Source Type: research

Functional MMP-10 is required for efficient tissue repair after experimental hind limb ischemia Research Communication
We studied the role of matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) during skeletal muscle repair after ischemia using a model of femoral artery excision in wild-type (WT) and MMP-10 deficient (Mmp10–/–) mice. Functional changes were analyzed by small animal positron emission tomography and tissue morphology by immunohistochemistry. Gene expression and protein analysis were used to study the molecular mechanisms governed by MMP-10 in hypoxia. Early after ischemia, MMP-10 deficiency resulted in delayed tissue reperfusion (10%, P < 0.01) and in increased necrosis (2-fold, P < 0.01), neutrophil (4-fold, P < 0.01)...
Source: FASEB Journal - March 2, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Gomez-Rodriguez, V., Orbe, J., Martinez-Aguilar, E., Rodriguez, J. A., Fernandez-Alonso, L., Serneels, J., Bobadilla, M., Perez-Ruiz, A., Collantes, M., Mazzone, M., Paramo, J. A., Roncal, C. Tags: Research Communication Source Type: research

Activation of AMPK by metformin inhibits TGF-β-induced collagen production in mouse renal fibroblasts
This study suggests that activation of AMPK might be a novel strategy for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) partially by inhibition of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF).
Source: Life Sciences - March 4, 2015 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Overexpression of potato miR482e enhanced plant sensitivity to Verticillium dahliae infection.
Abstract Verticillium wilt of potato is caused by the fungus pathogen Verticillium dahlia (V. dahliae). Present small RNA sequencing data revealed that miR482 was in response to V. dahliae infection, but the function in potato is elusive. Here, we characterized potato miR482 family and its putative role resistance to Verticillium wilt. Members of potato miR482 superfamily are variable in sequence, but all variants target a class of disease resistance proteins with nucleotide binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motifs. When potato plantlets were infected with V. dahliae, the expression level of miR482e...
Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology - March 4, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Yang L, Mu X, Liu C, Cai J, Shi K, Zhu W, Yang Q Tags: J Integr Plant Biol Source Type: research

Sex chromosome evolution: Life, death and repetitive DNA.
Abstract Dimorphic sex chromosomes create problems. Males of many species, including Drosophila, are heterogametic, with dissimilar X and Y chromosomes. The essential process of dosage compensation modulates the expression of X-linked genes in one sex to maintain a constant ratio of X to autosomal expression. This involves the regulation of hundreds of dissimilar genes whose only shared property is chromosomal address. Drosophila males dosage compensate by up regulating X-linked genes two fold. This is achieved by the Male Specific Lethal (MSL) complex, which is recruited to genes on the X chromosome and modifies ...
Source: Fly - March 9, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Deshpande N, Meller VH Tags: Fly (Austin) Source Type: research

Pterostilbene and allopurinol reduce fructose-induced podocyte oxidative stress and inflammation via microRNA-377.
Abstract High dietary fructose is an important causative factor in the development of metabolic syndrome-associated glomerular podocyte oxidative stress and injury. Here, we identified microRNA-377 (miR-377) as a biomarker of oxidative stress in renal cortex of fructose-fed rats, which correlated with podocyte injury and albuminuria in metabolic syndrome. Fructose feeding increased miR-377 expression and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression and activity, caused O2(•-) and H2O2 over-production in kidney cortex or glomeruli of rats. This ROS induction increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation and thioredoxin-i...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - March 4, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Wang W, Ding XQ, Gu TT, Song L, Li JM, Xue QC, Kong LD Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Expression of xCT and activity of system xc− are regulated by NRF2 in human breast cancer cells in response to oxidative stress
Publication date: Available online 18 March 2015 Source:Redox Biology Author(s): Eric Habib , Katja Linher-Melville , Han-Xin Lin , Gurmit Singh Cancer cells adapt to high levels of oxidative stress in order to survive and proliferate by activating key transcription factors. One such master regulator, the redox sensitive transcription factor NF E2 Related Factor 2 (NRF2), controls the expression of cellular defense genes including those encoding intracellular redox-balancing proteins involved in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Under basal conditions, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) targets NRF2 for ubiquitinatio...
Source: Redox Biology - March 18, 2015 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Dioscin ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through the downregulation of TLR4 signaling via HMGB-1 inhibition.
Abstract We previously reported the promising effect of dioscin against hepatic ischemia /reperfusion (I/R) injury, but its effect on cerebral I/R injury remains unknown. In this work, an in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) model and an in vivo middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model were used. The results indicated that dioscin clearly protected PC12 cells and primary cortical neurons against OGD/R insult and significantly prevented cerebral I/R injury. Further research demonstrated that dioscin-induced neuroprotection was accompanied by a significant inhibition in the expression a...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - March 12, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Tao X, Sun X, Yin L, Han X, Xu L, Qi Y, Xu Y, Li H, Lin Y, Liu K, Peng J Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Neuroprotection against 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by 5,7-Dihydroxychromone: Activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway
Publication date: Available online 26 March 2015 Source:Life Sciences Author(s): Dong-Woo Kim , Kyoung-tae Lee , Jaeyoung Kwon , Hak Ju Lee , Dongho Lee , Woongchon Mar Aims The aim of this study was to prove neuroprotective effect of 5,7-Dihydroxychromone (DHC) through Nrf2/ARE signal pathway. To elucidate the mechanism, we investigated whether 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells could be attenuated by DHC via activating Nrf2/ARE signal and whether DHC could down-regulate 6-OHDA-induced excessive ROS generation Main methods To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of DHC against 6-OHDA-induc...
Source: Life Sciences - March 27, 2015 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Essential role of NRF2 in the protective effect of lipoic acid against lipoapoptosis in hepatocytes.
In conclusion, our work has revealed that in hepatocytes, Nrf2 is an essential early player in the rescue of oxidative stress by LA leading to protection against PA-mediated lipoapoptosis. PMID: 25841776 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - April 1, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Pilar Valdecantos M, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Pardo V, Módol T, Santamaría B, Weber M, Herrero L, Serra D, Muntané J, Cuadrado A, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Alfredo Martínez J, Valverde ÁM Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

siRNA screen identifies QPCT as a druggable target for Huntington's disease
Nature Chemical Biology 11, 347 (2015). doi:10.1038/nchembio.1790 Authors: Maria Jimenez-Sanchez, Wun Lam, Michael Hannus, Birte Sönnichsen, Sara Imarisio, Angeleen Fleming, Alessia Tarditi, Fiona Menzies, Teresa Ed Dami, Catherine Xu, Eduardo Gonzalez-Couto, Giulia Lazzeroni, Freddy Heitz, Daniela Diamanti, Luisa Massai, Venkata P Satagopam, Guido Marconi, Chiara Caramelli, Arianna Nencini, Matteo Andreini, Gian Luca Sardone, Nicola P Caradonna, Valentina Porcari, Carla Scali, Reinhard Schneider, Giuseppe Pollio, Cahir J O'Kane, Andrea Caricasole & David C Rubinsztein
Source: Nature Chemical Biology - April 6, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Maria Jimenez-SanchezWun LamMichael HannusBirte SönnichsenSara ImarisioAngeleen FlemingAlessia TarditiFiona MenziesTeresa Ed DamiCatherine XuEduardo Gonzalez-CoutoGiulia LazzeroniFreddy HeitzDaniela DiamantiLuisa MassaiVenkata P SatagopamGuido MarconiChi Tags: Article Source Type: research

The superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) 3'UTR maintains High expression of the SOD1 gene in Cancer cells: The involvement of the RNA binding protein AUF1.
In this study, a full-length 3'UTR of the SOD1 transcript was cloned and characterized for its ability to regulate SOD1 gene expression in human cancer cells. Inclusion of the SOD1 3'UTR in the pGL3 reporter construct dramatically enhanced the reporter activity by 10-220-fold in various cell lines. RT-PCR analysis, however, indicated that the reporter gene mRNA levels were only modestly altered by the SOD1 3'UTR, suggesting that SOD1 3'UTR enhances the reporter gene activity not simply by stabilizing the mRNA but primarily through promoting translation of the protein. Bioinformatics analysis showed multiple stem and loop s...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - April 20, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Zhang S, Xue J, Zheng J, Wang S, Zhou J, Jiao Y, Geng Y, Wu J, Hannafon BN, Ding WQ Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research