Early adversity causes sex-specific deficits in perforant pathway connectivity and contextual memory in adolescent mice
ConclusionsLB impairs the capacity of reelin-positive cells located in the LEC to project and innervate the dorsal hippocampus in LB males but not female LB littermates. Given the critical role that these projections play in supporting normal hippocampal function, a failure to establish proper connectivity between the LEC and the dorsal hippocampus provides a compelling and novel mechanism to explain the more severe deficits in myelination and contextual freezing found in adolescent LB males. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - May 7, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex-dependent effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia: implication for obstructive sleep apnea
ConclusionsOur results indicate that the impact of CIH is dependent on sex, such as an inflammatory response and OS response in females and males, respectively, that are mediated by mtOS. Interestingly, there was no effect of sex or mtOS in CIH-induced impairment of recollective memory. These results indicate that mtOS is involved in the sex differences observed in CIH, but a different mechanism underlies CIH-induced memory impairments. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - April 25, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Whole-brain connections of glutamatergic neurons in the mouse lateral habenula in both sexes
ConclusionsThis study provides a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the input and output connections of LHbvGlut2 neurons in male and female mice, shedding light on the anatomical architecture of these specific cell types in the mouse LHb. This structural understanding can help guide further investigations into the complex functions of the LHb. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - April 23, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences of post-Covid patients undergoing outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation
ConclusionBoth subjective symptoms such as fatigue and dyspnea and objective impairment in performance in pulmonary function were more frequently observed among women. Despite improvement throughout OPR in both women and men, the sex-gap in symptom load could not be closed as women less often achieved remission from functional impairment due to PCS. Intensified treatment of these symptoms should be considered in women undergoing rehabilitation for PCS. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - April 21, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Treating sex and gender differences as a continuous variable can improve precision cancer treatments
ConclusionsCancer type, patient sex and gender, and TI value provides a novel and patient- specific mechanistic identifier that can be used for realistic sex and gender-adaptations of precision cancer treatment planning. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - April 15, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex-based differences in growth-related IGF1 signaling in response to PAPP-A2 deficiency: comparative effects of rhGH, rhIGF1 and rhPAPP-A2 treatments
ConclusionsSex-specific differences in IGF1 system and signaling pathways are associated withPappa2 deficiency, pointing to rhPAPP-A2 as a promising drug to alleviate postnatal growth retardation underlying low IGF1 bioavailability in a female-specific manner. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - April 8, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Training in the implementation of sex and gender research policies: an evaluation of publicly available online courses
ConclusionsOur analysis suggests a need for revised or new training materials that incorporate four major topics: precise operationalization of sex, potential risks of over-emphasis on sex as a category, recognition of gender and sex as complex and entangled, and rigorous study design and data analysis. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - April 3, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences and sex-specific regulation of motivated behavior by Melanin-concentrating hormone: a short review
AbstractRecent preclinical research exploring how neuropeptide transmitter systems regulate motivated behavior reveal the increasing importance of sex as a critical biological variable. Neuropeptide systems and their central circuits both contribute to sex differences in a range of motivated behaviors and regulate sex-specific behaviors. In this short review, we explore the current research of how sex as a biological variable influences several distinct motivated behaviors that are modulated by the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neuropeptide system. First, we review how MCH regulates feeding behavior within the contex...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - April 3, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Correction: Nrf2 activation rescues stress-induced depression-like behaviour and inflammatory responses in male but not female rats
(Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - April 3, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
TrkB-mediated neuroprotection in female hippocampal neurons is autonomous, estrogen receptor alpha-dependent, and eliminated by testosterone: a proposed model for sex differences in neonatal hippocampal neuronal injury
Highlights Following in vitro ischemia, the nerve growth factor receptor TrkB is activated in the presence of the TrkB agonist 7,8-DHF only in female and not in male cultured hippocampal neurons, leading to increased neuronal survival.Expression of ER α is increased following in vitro ischemia in female but not male hippocampal neurons.The female hippocampal neuronal specific responses to in vitro ischemia are blocked by pre-treatment with testosterone.The data support a model for a female-specific a neuroprotective pathway in hippocampal neurons. The pathway is activated by a TrkB agonist, dependent on ER α and blocked ...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - April 2, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sexual differences in neuronal and synaptic properties across subregions of the mouse insular cortex
ConclusionsWe conclude that there are sex differences in synaptic plasticity and excitatory transmission in IC subregions, and that distinct properties of IC pyramidal neurons between sexes could contribute to differences in behavior and cognition between males and females. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - April 1, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Resting heart rate associations with violence exposure and posttraumatic stress symptoms: sex differences in children
ConclusionIn our sample of primarily Black urban children, we found that violence exposure was associated with slower, more adult-like HR, that girls showed greater PTSS associated with slower HR while boys did not, and that girls with lower than normative HR showed significantly higher PTSS compared to girls with normative HR. Our sample ’s demonstration of psychological consequences in addition to the physiological implications could provide new information about a psychobiological sequelae of violence exposure. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - March 28, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Maternal immune suppression during pregnancy does not prevent abnormal behavior in offspring
ConclusionThe results from this study suggest that offspring of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy have behavioral changes, specifically cognitive differences. This study has shown that there is a sex dependent difference in offspring neurobehavioral development, influenced in part by the type of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, and alterations in the maternal immune system. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - March 26, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Menarche, pubertal timing and the brain: female-specific patterns of brain maturation beyond age-related development
ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the use of a machine learning model to classify menarche status from structural MRI data while accounting for age-related neurodevelopment. Given its sensitivity towards measures of puberty timing, our work suggests that menarche class probabilities may be developed toward an objective brain-based marker of pubertal development. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - March 26, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex and statin-related genetic associations at the PCSK9 gene locus: results of genome-wide association meta-analysis
ConclusionsWe performed the first double-stratified GWAS of PCSK9 levels and identified multiple biologically plausible loci with genetic interaction effects. Our results indicate that the observed sexual dimorphism of PCSK9 and its statin-related interactions have a genetic basis. Significant differences in the causal relationship between PCSK9 and LDL-C suggest sex-specific dosages of PCSK9 inhibitors. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - March 26, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
