Considering sex and gender in Epidemiology: a challenge beyond terminology. From conceptual analysis to methodological strategies
ConclusionsBoth analytical strategies have limitations relative to the impossibility of reducing a complex concept to a single or a few measures, and of capturing the entire effect of the phenomenon of gender. However, these strategies could lead to more accurate analyses of the mechanisms underlying health differences between men and women. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - May 12, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Visceral adiposity index and sex differences in relation to peripheral artery disease in normal-weight adults with hypertension
ConclusionThis study showed a positive association between VAI and PAD in normal-weight adults with hypertension among men but not among women. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - May 12, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in the association between cardiovascular diseases and dementia subtypes: a prospective analysis of 464,616 UK Biobank participants
ConclusionWomen with CVD were 1.5 times more likely to experience AD than men, while had 15% lower risk of having VD than men. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - May 7, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Increased basal insulin sensitivity in late pregnancy in women carrying a male fetus: a cohort study
ConclusionsWomen carrying a male fetus were relatively more insulin sensitive in the fasting state and secreted more insulin relative to this degree of insulin sensitivity. These results are consistent with the idea that the fetal sex may be able to modify the maternal glucose-insulin axis. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - May 4, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in the aging murine urinary bladder and influence on the tumor immune microenvironment of a carcinogen-induced model of bladder cancer
AbstractSex and age associated differences in the tumor immune microenvironment of non-muscle invasive bladder (NMIBC) cancer and associated clinical outcomes are emerging indicators of treatment outcomes. The incidence of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is four times higher in males than females; however, females tend to p resent with a more aggressive disease, a poorer response to immunotherapy and suffer worse clinical outcomes. Recent findings have demonstrated sex differences in the tumor immune microenvironment of non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer and associated clinical outcomes. However,...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - May 3, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences following percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery for acute myocardial infarction
ConclusionsWomen presenting with AMI exhibited worse in-hospital and long-term outcomes than men, especially among women who received PCI as the initial mode of revascularization. Women who underwent PCI were more likely to be admitted for heart failure during follow-up. Possible socioeconomic inequalities or a distinct pathobiology of cardiac ischemia between sexes may underlie these results; thus, further investigation is needed. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - April 27, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Treatment of male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats with TNF- α inhibitor etanercept increases markers of renal injury independent of an effect on blood pressure
AbstractHypertension remains the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Young females tend to be protected from hypertension compared with age-matched males. Although it has become increasingly clear that the immune system plays a key role in the development of hypertension in both sexes, few studies have examined how cytokines mediate hypertension in males versus females. We previously published that there are sex differences in the levels of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that TNF-α inhibition with etanerce...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - April 12, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Overall and sex-specific risk factors for subjective cognitive decline: findings from the 2015 –2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey
ConclusionsWhile we did not identify any differences in modifiable factors between men and women contributing to subjective cognitive decline, other factors including reproductive or endocrinological health history or biological factors that interact with sex to modify risk warrant further research. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - April 12, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Obesogenic and diabetic effects of CD44 in mice are sexually dimorphic and dependent on genetic background
ConclusionCD44 was associated with adiposity, liver fat, and glucose in male mice. However, the effects of CD44 on obesity may be independent of TLR4 signaling. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - April 11, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex-based differences in remote monitoring of biometric, psychometric and biomarker indices in stable ischemic heart disease
ConclusionsAmong females and males with stable IHD, there are sex-based differences in remote monitoring behavior and data. Females are less adherent to psychometric data collection and report poorer psychometric and sleep quality scores than males. Elevated levels of biomarkers for MACE are more common in males. These findings may improve sex-specific understanding of IHD using remote patient monitoring. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - April 11, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Considerations and challenges for sex-aware drug repurposing
AbstractSex differences are essential factors in disease etiology and manifestation in many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration [33]. The biological influence of sex differences (including genomic, epigenetic, hormonal, immunological, and metabolic differences between males and females) and the lack of biomedical studies considering sex differences in their study design has led to several policies. For example, the National Institute of Health ’s (NIH) sex as a biological variable (SABV) and Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) policies to motivate researchers to consider sex diffe...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - March 25, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Shedding light on biological sex differences and microbiota –gut–brain axis: a comprehensive review of its roles in neuropsychiatric disorders
AbstractWomen and men are suggested to have differences in vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), schizophrenia, eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa, neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer ’s disease, Parkinson’s disease. Genetic factors and sex hormones are apparently the main mediators of these differences. Recent evidence uncovers that reciprocal interactions between sex-related features (e.g., sex hormones and sex differ...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - March 25, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in the association between diabetes and hypertension and the risk of stroke: cohort of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
ConclusionHypertension and T2D induced higher risk of overall and ischemic stroke in men than women among Iranian population. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - March 15, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Susceptibility of female rats to cardiac arrhythmias following refeeding after severe food restriction
ConclusionsThese findings indicate the female heart is more susceptible to the long term adverse cardiovascular effects of sFR months after refeeding. Thus, this study provides a rationale for studying sex differences in cardiovascular risk in individuals who experience sFR for voluntary (e.g., very low-calorie dieting) or involuntary (e.g., poverty) reasons earlier in life. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - March 15, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Neurogenesis in the neonatal rat hippocampus is regulated by sexually dimorphic epigenetic modifiers
ConclusionsThese data reveal a sexually dimorphic epigenetically based regulation of neurogenesis in the DG but the mechanisms establishing the distinct regulation involving DNA methylation in males and histone acetylation in females is unknown. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - March 7, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
