Breast may not always be best: moderation of effects of postnatal depression by breastfeeding and infant sex
ConclusionsWe provide evidence that effects of maternal postnatal depression on child emotional outcomes are moderated by breastfeeding status and differ by infant sex. Female vulnerability to elevated maternal breastmilk glucocorticoids may, at least in part, explain these effects. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - November 7, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor agonistic autoantibody blockade improves postpartum hypertension and cardiac mitochondrial function in rat model of preeclampsia
AbstractWomen with preeclampsia (PE) have a greater risk of developing hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and renal disease later in life. Angiotensin II type I receptor agonistic autoantibodies (AT1-AAs) are elevated in women with PE during pregnancy and up to 2-year postpartum (PP), and in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of PE. Blockade of AT1-AA with a specific 7 amino acid peptide binding sequence ( ‘n7AAc’) improves pathophysiology observed in RUPP rats; however, the long-term effects of AT1-AA inhibition in PP is unknown. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - November 2, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The roles of sex and gender in women ’s eye health disparities in the United States
DiscussionThe SWHR Women ’s Eye Health Working Group identified priority areas in research, clinical care, and education to reduce disparities and improve patient care in women’s eye health. The working group recommends using a systems approach that incorporates a comprehensive research framework with a sex and gender l ens to guide future work and that increases health care provider and public education, as well as engagement by expanding partnerships among ophthalmologic providers, researchers, and non-vision stakeholders. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - October 20, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex-specific association of hair cortisol concentration with stress-related psychological factors in healthy young adults
ConclusionWe observed a sex-specific association between HCC and psychological factors. Our findings may imply that HCC could be a useful biomarker of stress and stress-related emotion dysregulation in healthy young women. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - October 19, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research
In search of sex-related mediators of affective illness
AbstractSex differences in the rates of affective disorders have been recognized for decades. Studies of physiologic sex-related differences in animals and humans, however, have generally yielded little in terms of explaining these differences. Furthermore, the significance of these findings is difficult to interpret given the dynamic, integrative, and highly context-dependent nature of human physiology. In this article, we provide an overview of the current literature on sex differences as they relate to mood disorders, organizing existing findings into five levels at which sex differences conceivably influence physiology...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - October 18, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in recovery of motor function in a rhesus monkey model of cortical injury
ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate the need for additional studies to further investigate the role of estrogens and other sex hormones that may differentially affect recovery outcomes in the primate brain. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - October 9, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex and gender specific health topics in medical student learners: pulse check eight years later
ConclusionsMedical students appear to understand the definition of and importance of SGSH in education. While some improvements in coverage by subject matter and topic area appear to have occurred as reported by medical students, opportunity remains to more fully integrate SGSH concepts in medical school curricula. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - October 9, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Spatiotemporal AMPK α2 deletion in mice induces cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis and cardiolipin remodeling associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in males only
ConclusionOur results confirm the close link between AMPK and cardiac mitochondrial function, but also highlight links with cardiac fibrosis. Importantly, we show that AMPK is differently involved in these processes in males and females, which may have clinical implications for the use of AMPK activators in the treatment of heart failure. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 17, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Role of GDF-15, YKL-40 and MMP 9 in patients with end-stage kidney disease: focus on sex-specific associations with vascular outcomes and all-cause mortality
ConclusionsIn conclusion, in males GDF-15 and YKL-40 were related to vascular calcification, inflammation, and oxidative stress, whilst in females GDF-15 was related to TMAO. Increased levels of YKL-40 and GDF-15 in males, and only GDF-15 in females, were associated with all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest that sex-specific associations of novel CVD biomarkers have a potential to affect development of cardiovascular complications in patients with ESKD. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 15, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Shortening time for access to alcohol drives up front-loading behavior, bringing consumption in male rats to the level of females
ConclusionsThis strategy could be useful for exploring sex differences in the neural mechanisms underlying alcohol drinking and related health vulnerabilities. Our findings also highlight the importance of the time of testing for detecting sex differences in drinking behavior. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 15, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Ischemic preconditioning protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury in chronic kidney disease in both males and females
ConclusionThe infarct size-limiting effect of IPRE was preserved in both sexes in CKD despite the more severe uremic cardiomyopathy in male CKD rats. Further research is needed to identify crucial molecular mechanisms in the cardioprotective effect of IPRE in CKD. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 6, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Correction to: Sex differences in a cohort of COVID-19 Italian patients hospitalized during the first and second pandemic waves
(Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - August 20, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Investigating the sex-dependent effects of prefrontal cortex stimulation on response execution and inhibition
In this study, we examined the interaction of two contextual factors, participants' sex and background acoustic stimuli, in modulating the effects of tDCS on response inhibition and execution. In a sham-controlled and cross-over (repeated-measure) design, 73 participants (37 females) performed a Stop-Signal Task in different background acoustic conditions before and after tDCS (anodal or sham) was applied over the DLPFC. Participants had to execute a speeded response in Go trials but inhibit their response in Stop trials. Participants' sex was fully counterbalanced across all experimental conditions (acoustic and tDCS). We...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - August 17, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Activation of G protein-coupled estradiol receptor 1 in the dorsolateral striatum enhances motivation for cocaine and drug-induced reinstatement in female but not male rats
ConclusionsThese results support the conclusion that activation of GPER1 in the DLS enhances cocaine-seeking behaviors for female, but not male rats. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - August 14, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in a cohort of COVID-19 Italian patients hospitalized during the first and second pandemic waves
ConclusionsThese data indicate that once patients were hospitalized, the risk of dying was similar between females and males. Therefore, future studies should aim at understanding the reasons why, for a given number of SARS-CoV-2 infections, fewer females develop the disease requiring hospitalization.HighlightsAlthough the hospitalized males were significantly more, the similar number of hospitalizations of the> 75-year-old females and males could be due to the fact that in Brescia province, elderly women are about twice as many as men.Although males spent more days in the hospital, had a longer disease duration, develo...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - August 11, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research
