Selective deletion of endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor protects from vascular dysfunction in sodium-restricted female mice
ConclusionCollectively, these data indicate that female mice develop aldosterone-induced endothelial dysfunction via endothelial MR-mediated reductions in NO bioavailability. In addition, these data support a role for ECMR to promote vascular contractility in female mice in response to sodium restriction. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - November 23, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Differential expression of microRNAs in the hippocampi of male and female rodents after chronic alcohol administration
ConclusionsThese results suggest that chronic heavy alcohol use produces sex-dependent effects on neurogenesis and miRNA expression in the hippocampus and that sex differences should be considered when developing miRNA biomarkers to diagnose or treat alcoholics. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - November 23, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes in patients with vasospastic angina: results from the VA-Korea registry, a prospective multi-center cohort
ConclusionsIn VA patients, there were several different clinical characteristics according to sex; however, long-term clinical outcome was similar between sexes. Significant organic coronary stenosis in both sexes and low body mass index (< 25 kg/m2) in females were associated with worse prognosis in VA patients. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - November 23, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex-dependent alterations in the physiology of entorhinal cortex neurons in old heterozygous 3xTg-AD mice
AbstractWhile the higher prevalence of Alzheimer ’s disease (AD) in women is clear, studies suggest that biological sex may also influence AD pathogenesis. However, mechanisms behind these differences are not clear. To investigate physiological differences between sexes at the cellular level in the brain, we investigated the intrinsic and syna ptic properties of entorhinal cortex neurons in heterozygous 3xTg-AD mice of both sexes at the age of 20 months. This brain region was selected because of its early association with AD symptoms. First, we found physiological differences between male and female non-transgenic mi...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - November 16, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in neuro(auto)immunity and chronic sciatic nerve pain
AbstractChronic pain occurs with greater frequency in women, with a parallel sexually dimorphic trend reported in sufferers of many autoimmune diseases. There is a need to continue examining neuro-immune-endocrine crosstalk in the context of sexual dimorphisms in chronic pain. Several phenomena in particular need to be further explored. In patients, autoantibodies to neural antigens have been associated with sensory pathway hyper-excitability, and the role of self-antigens released by damaged nerves remains to be defined. In addition, specific immune cells release pro-nociceptive cytokines that directly influence neural fi...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - November 12, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Investigating transcriptome-wide sex dimorphism by multi-level analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data in ten mouse cell types
ConclusionsWe explored novel gene expression-based biomarkers, functional cell group compositions, and transcriptional regulatory networks associated with sex dimorphism with a novel computational pipeline. Our findings indicated that sex dimorphism might be widespread across the transcriptomes of cell types, cell type-specific, and impactful for regulating cellular activities. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - November 5, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Is sex a proxy for mechanical variables during an upper limb repetitive movement task? An investigation of the effects of sex and of anthropometric load on muscle fatigue
ConclusionsThis sex difference emerged when AL was included as a covariate, suggesting that sex-associated anthropometric differences may contribute to sex differences in the fatigue response. Differences in the impact of AL on AD compared to UT could be explained by differences in their respective mechanical roles or muscle fiber content. Anthropometrics may be useful to include as covariates in future research to separate individual anthropometric differences from sex differences. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - October 30, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in fatigability after ischemic preconditioning of non-exercising limbs
ConclusionsThe ergogenic effect of IPC on time to task failure was observed only in men and it was associated with reductions in the perception of pain. This pilot data suggest the previously reported inter-individual variability in exercise-induced fatigability after IPC could be a consequence of the sex and individual response to pain. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - October 27, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Interactive effects of asparagine and aspartate homeostasis with sex and age for the risk of type 2 diabetes risk
ConclusionsHigh asparagine to aspartate ratio was associated with markedly increased risk of T2D, which was further amplified by either female gender or> 50 years of age, and especially both. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - October 22, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in clinical phenotype and transitions of care among individuals dying of COVID-19 in Italy
ConclusionsMen and women dying with COVID-19 had different clinical manifestations and transitions of care. Identifying sex-specific features in individuals with COVID-19 and fatal outcome might inform preventive strategies. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - October 16, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in self-report anxiety and sleep quality during COVID-19 stay-at-home orders
ConclusionCOVID-19 and state-ordered home isolation was associated with higher anxiety and reduced sleep quality, with a stronger association in women with respect to anxiety. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - October 13, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
A community-based study of demographics, medical and psychiatric conditions, and gender dysphoria/incongruence treatment in transgender/gender diverse individuals
ConclusionTransgender and gender diverse individuals represent a population who express various gender identities and are seeking gender-specific healthcare at increasing rates. Psychiatric illness is highly prevalent compared to the US population but there is no difference in the prevalence of CV risk factors including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - October 5, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Acute kidney injury during pregnancy leads to increased sFlt-1 and sEng and decreased renal T regulatory cells in pregnant rats with HELLP syndrome
ConclusionThe findings in this study suggest that AKI during pregnancy contributes to increased blood pressure and biochemical markers for HELLP syndrome, creates an anti-angiogenic imbalance, and exacerbates kidney injury as shown on histopathology, GFR, and kidney injury markers. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 23, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in severity and mortality from COVID-19: are males more vulnerable?
AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has shown high infection and mortality rates all over the world, and despite the global efforts, there is so far no specific therapy available for COVID-19. Interestingly, while the severity and mortality of COVID-19 are higher in males than in females, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this review, we explore sex-related differences that may be contributing factors to the observed male-biased mortality from COVID-19. Males are considered the weaker sex in aspects related to endurance and infection control. Studies show that viral RNA clearance is delayed in mal...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 17, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Role for ovarian hormones in purinoceptor-dependent natriuresis
ConclusionThese data suggest that ovary-intact females have enhanced P2Y2 and P2Y4-dependent regulation of Na+ handling in the renal medulla, compared to male and OVX rats. We speculate that the P2 pathway contributes to facilitated renal Na+ handling in premenopausal females. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 13, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
