Sex-divergent effects on the NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin signaling across the olfactory –entorhinal–amygdaloid axis in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases
ConclusionsAlteration in the OT proteostasis was more severe in AD than in PD. Moreover, protein expression changes were more abundant in women than men independent of the neurological syndrome. Mechanistically, the tangled SIRT profile observed across the olfactory pathway-associated brain regions in AD and PD indicates differential NAD (+)-dependent deacetylase mechanisms between women and men. All these data shed new light on differential olfactory mechanisms across AD and PD, pointing out that the evaluation of the feasibility of emerging sirtuin-based therapies against neurodegenerative diseases should be considered w...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - February 8, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Interaction between gut microbiota and sex hormones and their relation to sexual dimorphism in metabolic diseases
AbstractMetabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), are now a widespread pandemic in the developed world. These pathologies show sex differences in their development and prevalence, and sex steroids, mainly estrogen and testosterone, are thought to play a prominent role in this sexual dimorphism. The influence of sex hormones on these pathologies is not only reflected in differences between men and women, but also between women themselves, depending on the hormonal changes associated with the menopause. The observed sex differences in gut microbiota composition have led to mult...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - February 7, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Monkeys do not show sex differences in toy preferences through their individual choices
ConclusionsOur results contrast greatly with the previous study in rhesus monkeys, as well as findings in human children, suggesting that the previously documented sex differences are likely context dependent, and question the existence of a strong biological basis to sex differences in toy preferences. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - February 3, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Steady-state estradiol triggers a unique innate immune response to allergen resulting in increased airway resistance
ConclusionsTherapeutically targeting estrogen receptors may have a limiting effect on eosinophils, ILC2 and potentially other immune populations that may improve asthma symptoms in those females that experience perimenstrual worsening of asthma, with the caveat, that long-term use of estrogens or hormone receptor modulators may be detrimental to the lung microenvironment over time. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - January 6, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Chronic periadolescent leuprolide exposure affects the development of reproductive physiology and behavior of female and male rats differently, but both mature after treatment termination
ConclusionsTaken together with previous findings, the present results indicate that male rats may be more sensitive to periadolescent leuprolide administration, taking longer to overcome the effects of leuprolide than female rats. Nevertheless, not long after leuprolide treatment is discontinued, sex-typical reproductive physiology and behavior emerge fully in female and male rats, indicating that the drug ’s effects are not permanent. If translatable to humans, leuprolide may be a reversible option to give adolescents more time to consider their gender identity with minimal long-term effects on sexual development. (Sour...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - January 6, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
A sex difference in mouse dopaminergic projections from the midbrain to basolateral amygdala
ConclusionsOur results demonstrate an anatomical sex difference in mouse dopaminergic innervations from the VTA to BLA. This finding may provide a structural foundation to study neural circuit mechanisms underlying sex differences in motivational and emotional behaviors and related psychiatric dysfunctions. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - December 30, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in early and term placenta are conserved in adult tissues
ConclusionsWe find that sex differences in gene expression are conserved in late first trimester and term placentas and that these sex differences are conserved in adult tissues. We demonstrate that there are sex differences associated with innate immune response in late first trimester placentas but there is no significant difference in gene expression of innate immune genes between sexes in healthy full-term placentas. Finally, sex differences are predominantly driven by expression from sex-linked genes. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - December 22, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Integrated chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation analysis to reveal the critical epigenetic modification and regulatory mechanism in gonadal differentiation of the sequentially hermaphroditic fish, Monopterus albus
ConclusionsThese data provide novel insights into epigenetic modification and help elucidate the potential molecular mechanism by which dynamic modification of DNA methylation plays a crucial role in gonadal development. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - December 20, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
High pulse pressure is associated with an increased risk of diabetes in females but not in males: a retrospective cohort study
ConclusionHigher PP was related to future diabetes development in females but not in males and further research is needed to explore the mechanism. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - December 19, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex-dependent expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in aortic stenosis
ConclusionsOwing to the over-expression of NGAL, the AV from men may be endowed with higher expression of inflammatory, oxidative stress, matrix remodelling and osteogenic markers supporting the progression of calcific AS phenotypes. The expression of NGAL in the VIC emerges as a potential therapeutic checkpoint, with its effects being potentially reverted by the pharmacological blockade of extracellular NGAL. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - December 12, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Plasma TIMP-1 as a sex-specific biomarker for acute lung injury
ConclusionCirculating TIMP-1 appeared to be a promising biomarker for mortality among females with ARDS. The high TIMP-1 group showed worse VFDs and ICU-free days. Circulating TIMP-1 may be a sex-specific biomarker in the setting of ARDS and could improve ARDS phenotyping as well as provide a novel therapeutic target in females. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - December 8, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Dynamic transcriptome analysis reveals the gene network of gonadal development from the early history life stages in dwarf surfclam Mulinia lateralis
ConclusionThis study provides a deep insight into the molecular basis of gonad formation, sex differentiation and gametogenesis inM. lateralis, which will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the reproductive regulation network in molluscs. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - December 2, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Unveiling sex-based differences in Parkinson's disease: a comprehensive meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies
ConclusionsOur in silico approach has highlighted sex-based differential mechanisms in typical Parkinson Disease hallmarks (inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress). Additionally, we have identified specific genes and transcription factors for male and female Parkinson Disease patients that represent potential candidates as biomarkers to diagnosis. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - November 22, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Correction: Sexual dimorphism of leptin and adiposity in children between 0 and 10 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - November 10, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
RAGE displays sex-specific differences in obesity-induced adipose tissue insulin resistance
ConclusionsOur findings suggest that RAGE-mediated adipose tissue insulin resistance is sex-specific, which is associated with different expression of genes involved in anti-oxidant and browning and insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - November 8, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research
