Integrative multi-omics characterization reveals sex differences in glioblastoma
ConclusionsCollectively, our study provides unprecedented insights into the fundamental modulators of tumor progression and clinical outcomes between male and female GBM patients and facilitates sex-specific treatment interventions.HighlightsFemale GBM patients were characterized by increased MGMT promoter methylation and favorable clinical outcomes compared to male patients.Female GBMs exhibited higher levels of genomic instability, including aneuploidy and TMB.Each sex-specific GBM is characterized by unique pathway dysregulations and molecular subtypes.EGFR activation is prevalent in male patients, while female patients...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - March 16, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex disparities revealed by single-cell and bulk sequencing and their impacts on the efficacy of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer
ConclusionsOur study delineated the robust genomic and cellular sex disparities in EC. Furthermore, male, rather than female, derived significantly benefits from immunotherapy. These results have implications for treatment decision-making and developing immunotherapy for personalized care.Plain English SummaryIn the past several years, immunotherapy has gradually replaced the traditional chemotherapy as the standard treatment in esophageal cancer. It is well-established that immunological responses in male and female differ significantly. However, there is an ongoing debate on whether sex can impact the treatment outcomes ...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - March 15, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
XX sex chromosome complement modulates immune responses to heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae immunization in a microbiome-dependent manner
ConclusionsFCG mice have been used to assess sex hormone and sex chromosome complement influences on various sexually dimorphic traits. The current study indicates that the gut microbiome impacts humoral responses in an XX-dependent manner, suggesting that the collaborative influence of gut bacteria and other sex-specific factors should be considered when interpreting data aimed at delineating the mechanisms that promote sexual dimorphism. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - March 14, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Microbial composition, functionality, and stress resilience or susceptibility: unraveling sex-specific patterns
ConclusionThis study highlights distinct pre- and post-trauma differences in microbial composition, functionality, and metabolites, associated with stress resilience in male and female rats. The findings underscore the importance of developing sex-specific therapeutic strategies to effectively address stress-related disorders.HighlightsSPS model induces divergent anxiety and social behavioral responses to traumatic stress in both male and female rodents.SPS-resilient females displayed less anxiety-like behavior and initiated more interactions towards a juvenile rat than SPS-resilient males.Sex-specific pre-existing and SPS...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - February 26, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Consideration of sex as a biological variable in diabetes research across twenty years
ConclusionsOur analysis provides significant insight into common practices in diabetes research related to the consideration of biological sex as a variable. Based on our analysis we recommend ways that diabetes researchers can improve inclusion of biological sex as a variable. In the long term, improved practices will reveal sex-specific mechanisms underlying diabetes risk and complications, generating knowledge to enable the development of sex-informed prevention and treatment strategies. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - February 26, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex-specific modulation of early life vocalization and cognition by Fmr1 gene dosage in a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome
ConclusionsThese findings highlight the interplay betweenFmr1 gene dosage and sex in influencing communicative and cognitive skills during infancy. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - February 21, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Different mechanisms underlie compulsive alcohol self-administration in male and female rats
ConclusionsOur results suggest that mechanisms promoting compulsivity, a key feature of alcohol addiction, likely differ between males and females. This underscores the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in both preclinical and clinical research, and has potential treatment implications in alcohol addiction. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - February 17, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in the effects of individual anxiety state on regional responses to negative emotional scenes
ConclusionWith anxiety affecting the behavioral and neural responses to negative emotions in women but not in men and considering the known roles of the mPFC in emotion regulation, we discussed heightened sensitivity and regulatory demands during negative emotion processing as neurobehavioral markers of anxiety in women. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - February 13, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Nrf2 activation rescues stress-induced depression-like behaviour and inflammatory responses in male but not female rats
ConclusionsCollectively, these findings support a greater role of immune processes in males than females in a rodent model of depression. This suggests that pharmacotherapies that target Nrf2 have the potential to be an effective sex-specific treatment for depression. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - February 13, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Remembering the null hypothesis when searching for brain sex differences
AbstractHuman brain sex differences have fascinated scholars for centuries and become a key focus of neuroscientists since the dawn of MRI. We recently published a major review inNeuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews showing that most male –female brain differences in humans are small and few have been reliably replicated. Although widely cited, this work was the target of a critical Commentary by DeCasien et al. (Biol Sex Differ 13:43, 2022). In this response, I update our findings and confirm the small effect sizes and pronounced scatter across recent large neuroimaging studies of human sex/gender difference. Based on...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - February 9, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The role of microRNAs in understanding sex-based differences in Alzheimer ’s disease
ConclusionsSex-specific meta-analyses supported the detection of differentially expressed miRNAs in female and male AD patients, highlighting the relevance of sex-based information in biomedical data. Further studies on miRNA regulation in AD patients should meet the criteria for comparability and standardization of information. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - January 31, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in the effects of repeated ketamine infusions on bone markers in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression
ConclusionsOur results suggest that repeated ketamine infusions may be associated with modulation of bone markers in patients with depression and present sex differences. Baseline osteocalcin level may be served as a predictor for the antidepressant effects of ketamine in males.Trial registration Data were derived from an open label clinical trial, which was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-OOC-17012239). Registered 26 May 2017.http://www.chictr.org.cn (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - January 29, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Male versus female inflammatory response after brain death model followed by ex vivo lung perfusion
ConclusionIn this context, further studies should focus on therapeutic measures to control inflammation in donor or during EVLP to increase lung quality. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - January 29, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Novel insight into the lipid network of plasma extracellular vesicles reveal sex-based differences in the lipidomic profile of alcohol use disorder patients
ConclusionsOur methodological developments support an improved understanding of lipid metabolism and regulatory mechanisms, which contribute to the identification of novel lipid targets and the discovery of sex-specific clinical biomarkers in AUD. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - January 25, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Dihydrotestosterone induces arterial stiffening in female mice
ConclusionsThese findings indicate that androgen promotes arterial stiffening and cardiovascular damage in female mice and is associated with decreased estrogen receptor expression. These data are important for transgender men, women using testosterone for fitness or reduced libido, as well as patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - January 23, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research
