Comparing the antidepressant-like effects of electroconvulsive seizures in adolescent and adult female rats: an intensity dose –response study
ConclusionsIn conjunction, these results reinforce the importance of fine-tuning the parameters of ECS that might render efficacious while considering sex and age as essential variables for treatment response, and suggest that other molecular mechanisms, beside the partial role of hippocampal neurogenesis, might be participating in the antidepressant-like effects induced by ECS. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 30, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Age-associated sex difference in the expression of mitochondria-based redox sensitive proteins and effect of pioglitazone in nonhuman primate brain
ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate a sex-, age- and region-dependent profile to the expression of PON2, UCP4 and UCP5. These data establish a biochemical link between PPAR γ, PON2, UCP4 and UCP5 in primate brain and demonstrate that PON2, UCP4 and UCP5 can be pharmacologically stimulated in vivo, revealing a novel mechanism for observed pioglitazone-induced neuroprotection. We anticipate that these outcomes will contribute to the development of novel neuroprotective treatments for Parkinson’s disease and other CNS disorders. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 28, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sexual differences in locus coeruleus neurons and related behavior in C57BL/6J mice
ConclusionsOverall, this study provides new insights into the sex differences related to LC nucleus and associated behaviors, which may explain the heightened emotional arousal response observed in females. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 28, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Fetal sex differences in placental LCPUFA ether and plasmalogen phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine contents in pregnancies complicated by obesity
ConclusionsWe found a fetal sex effect in placental PE and PC ester, ether and plasmalogen PE and PC containing DHA in response to maternal obesity which appears to reflect an ability of female placentas to adapt to maintain optimal fetal DHA transfer in maternal obesity. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 28, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in obesity-induced renal lipid accumulation revealed by lipidomics: a role of adiponectin/AMPK axis
ConclusionsCollectively, our findings suggest that female mice are protected from obesity-induced renal dysfunction and lipotoxicity associated with enhanced adiponectin and AMPK signaling compared to males. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 28, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Serum metabolomics profiling by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry of the response to single oral macronutrient challenges in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with male and female controls
ConclusionsSerum1H-NMRS metabolomics profiling indicated sexual dimorphism in the responses to oral macronutrient challenges, which were apparently driven by the central role of postprandial insulin effects with obesity, and to a lesser extent PCOS, exerting modifying roles derived from insulin resistance. Hence, obesity impaired metabolic flexibility in young adults, yet sex and sex hormones also influenced the regulation of postprandial metabolism.Graphical abstract (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 22, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex hormones and the risk of myocardial infarction in women and men: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank
ConclusionsA higher O/T ratio was associated with a lower risk of MI, and a higher FAI with a higher risk of MI after adjustment for CVD risk factors in men, but not in women. Thus, hormone ratios, rather than each alone, may play an important role in modulating the effect of MI. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 20, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
TLR8 escapes X chromosome inactivation in human monocytes and CD4+ T cells
ConclusionsTLR8, mirroringTLR7, escapes XCI in human monocytes and CD4+ T cells. Co-dependent transcription from the active X chromosome and escape from XCI could both contribute to higher TLR8 protein abundance in female cells, which may have implications for the response to viruses and bacteria, and the risk of developing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 18, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Systematic characterization of a non-transgenic A β1–42 amyloidosis model: synaptic plasticity and memory deficits in female and male mice
ConclusionsIn conclusion, our results provide further evidence on the shifting of LTP/LTD threshold due to a singleicv. Aβ1 –42 injection, which underly cognitive deficits in the early stages of AD. These long-lasting cognitive and functional alterations in males and females validate this model for the study of early amyloidosis in both sexes, thus offering a solid alternative to the inconsistence of amyloidosis transgenic mice models. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 16, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in renal cell carcinoma: a single-cell analysis reveals exhausted CD8+ T-cells highly infiltrated in males
ConclusionsOur study delineated the difference in TME between male and female patients with RCC, and demonstrated that the androgen –androgen receptor axis plays an important role in immunosuppression in male RCC. Our findings suggest that androgen receptor inhibitors in combination with immunotherapy may be a promising treatment option for male RCC patients. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 15, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex-biased gene and microRNA expression in the developing mouse brain is associated with neurodevelopmental functions and neurological phenotypes
ConclusionsTogether, these findings reinforce the importance of cataloguing sex differences in molecular biology research and highlight genes, miRNAs, and pathways of interest that may be important for sexual differentiation in the mouse and possibly the human brain. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 7, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in muscle protein expression and DNA methylation in response to exercise training
ConclusionsWe identified sex differences in protein expression changes, but not DNA methylation changes, following an endurance exercise training intervention; whereas we identified no sex differences in the DNA methylome or proteome response to lifelong training. Given the delicate interaction between sex and training as well as the limitations of the current study, more studies are required to elucidate whether there is a sex-specific training effect on the DNA methylome. We found that genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism pathways are differentially modulated between the sexes following endurance exercise training....
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 5, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The mixed legacy of the rat estrous cycle
ConclusionsThe initial description the rat estrous cycle was correlated with a substantial decline in investigations that incorporated both sexes; one result was a marked increase in male-only studies and a striking sex bias that excluded female rats from biomedical research. Recognition of the advantages of studies that incorporate the rat estrous cycle has resulted in recent years in an increase of such investigations. Female rats and females of several other species are not more variable than their male counterparts across traits, arguing for female inclusion without requiring cycle monitoring. There, remain, however, m...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 4, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in distribution and identity of aromatase gene expressing cells in the young adult rat brain
ConclusionsFemales show overall a lower number of cells expressingCyp19a1 in the limbic brain. In both sexes, aromatase is expressed in a region-specific manner in GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. These findings call for investigations of the relevance of sex-specific and region-dependent expression ofCyp19a1 in the limbic brain to sex differences in behavior and mental health. (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - September 1, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Zebrafish gonad mutant models reveal neuroendocrine mechanisms of brain sexual dimorphism and male mating behaviors of different brain regions
ConclusionsOur results provide comprehensive analyses and new insights regarding the endogenous interactions in the brain –gonad–behavior axis. Moreover, this study revealed the crucial candidate genes and neural signaling pathways of different brain regions that are involved in modulating brain dimorphism and male mating behavior in zebrafish, which would significantly light up the understanding the neuroendocrine and molecular mechanisms modulating brain dimorphism and male mating behavior in zebrafish and other teleost fish.Graphical Abstract (Source: Biology of Sex Differences)
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - August 21, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research
