A personalized approach to long QT syndrome
Purpose of review
Our purpose is to provide an update on the new clinical and genetic aspects of long QT syndrome (LQTS). LQTS is the most common channelopathy and a cause of syncope and sudden death in the young. Although there are 17 types of LQTS, most patients have types 1 or 2 which are due to mutations in KCNQ1 and KCNH2 (encoding for the cardiac potassium channels), and type 3 which is due to a mutation in SCN5A (encoding for the sodium channel). LQTS is characterized by incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Significant data exist concerning the common types of LQTS and include mutational location, biop...
Source: Current Opinion in Cardiology - December 6, 2018 Category: Cardiology Tags: PEDIATRICS: Edited by Mitchell I. Cohen Source Type: research
Improving the performance of nadolol stereoisomers' preparative separation using Chiralpak IA by SMB chromatography.
Abstract
The pseudobinary preparative separation of nadolol stereoisomers is performed by simulated moving bed chromatography (SMB). Using the Chiralpak IA adsorbent, a new 25:75:0.1 (v/v/v) methanol-acetonitrile-diethylamine solvent composition was selected to perform the experimental SMB separation and compare it with the previous results obtained using pure methanol. Using a 2 g L-1 total feed concentration of an equimolar mixture of the four stereoisomers of nadolol, the more retained component was fully recovered (100% purity and 100% recovery), with a system productivity of 0.77 g L-1 hour-1 an...
Source: Chirality - November 23, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Arafah RS, Ribeiro AE, Rodrigues AE, Pais LS Tags: Chirality Source Type: research
Carvedilol versus traditional, non-selective beta-blockers for adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices.
CONCLUSIONS: We found no clear beneficial or harmful effects of carvedilol versus traditional, non-selective beta-blockers on mortality, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, serious or non-serious adverse events despite the fact that carvedilol was more effective at reducing the hepatic venous pressure gradient. However, the evidence was of low or very low quality, and hence the findings are uncertain. Additional evidence is required from adequately powered, long-term, double-blind, randomised clinical trials, which evaluate both clinical and haemodynamic outcomes.
PMID: 30372514 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (So...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 29, 2018 Category: General Medicine Authors: Zacharias AP, Jeyaraj R, Hobolth L, Bendtsen F, Gluud LL, Morgan MY Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
β2-adrenergic receptor signaling mediates the preferential mobilization of differentiated subsets of CD8+ T-cells, NK-cells and non-classical monocytes in response to acute exercise in humans
Publication date: Available online 30 August 2018Source: Brain, Behavior, and ImmunityAuthor(s): Rachel M. Graff, Hawley E. Kunz, Nadia H. Agha, Forrest L. Baker, Mitzi Laughlin, Austin B. Bigley, Melissa M. Markofski, Emily C. LaVoy, Emmanuel Katsanis, Richard A. Bond, Catherine M. Bollard, Richard J. SimpsonAbstractAcute exercise preferentially mobilizes cytotoxic T-cells, NK-cells and non-classical monocytes to the bloodstream under the influence of hemodynamic forces and/or β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) signaling. However, the relative contribution of these mechanisms to the redeployment of the most exercise-respons...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - August 30, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
β2-adrenergic receptor signaling mediates the preferential mobilization of differentiated subsets of CD8+ T-cells, NK-cells and non-classical monocytes in response to acute exercise in humans.
Abstract
Acute exercise preferentially mobilizes cytotoxic T-cells, NK-cells and non-classical monocytes to the bloodstream under the influence of hemodynamic forces and/or β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) signaling. However, the relative contribution of these mechanisms to the redeployment of the most exercise-responsive cell types is largely unknown. We determined the lymphocyte and monocyte subtypes mobilized to blood during exercise via β2-AR signaling whilst controlling for β1-AR mediated reductions in hemodynamic forces. In a randomized, double blind, complete cross-over design, 14 healthy cyclists...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - August 30, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Graff RM, Kunz HE, Agha NH, Baker FL, Laughlin M, Bigley AB, Markofski MM, LaVoy EC, Katsanis E, Bond RA, Bollard CM, Simpson RJ Tags: Brain Behav Immun Source Type: research
Role of ( −)-epigallocatechin gallate in the pharmacokinetic interaction between nadolol and green tea in healthy volunteers
ConclusionsEGCG is suggested to be a key contributor to the interaction of green tea with nadolol. Moreover, even a single coadministration of green tea may significantly affect nadolol pharmacokinetics. (Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)
Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology - February 26, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Update of green tea interactions with cardiovascular drugs and putative mechanisms
Publication date: Available online 14 February 2018 Source:Journal of Food and Drug Analysis Author(s): José Pablo Werba, Shingen Misaka, Monica Gianna Giroli, Kenju Shimomura, Manuela Amato, Niccolò Simonelli, Lorenzo Vigo, Elena Tremoli Many patients treated with cardiovascular (CV) drugs drink green tea (GT), either as a cultural tradition or persuaded of its putative beneficial effects for health. Yet, GT may affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of CV compounds. Novel GT-CV drug interactions were reported for rosuvastatin, sildenafil and tacrolimus. Putative mechanisms involve inhibitory effects...
Source: Journal of Food and Drug Analysis - February 14, 2018 Category: Food Science Source Type: research
β‐adrenergic Receptor Blocker ICI 118,551 Selectively Increases Intermediate‐Conductance Calcium‐Activated Potassium Channel (IKCa)‐Mediated Relaxations in Rat Main Mesenteric Artery
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology)
Source: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology - December 26, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Melike Hacer Ozkan, Serdar Uma Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Pharmacologic prevention of variceal bleeding and rebleeding
ConclusionThis review provides a background on the most important aspects of the treatment of portal hypertension in patients with compensated and decompensated liver cirrhosis. However, despite the great improvement in the prevention of variceal bleeding over the last years, further therapeutic options are needed. (Source: Hepatology International)
Source: Hepatology International - December 5, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Inhibition of spinal p38 MAPK prevents articular neutrophil infiltration in experimental arthritis via sympathetic activation
In conclusion, our results suggest that pharmacological strategies involving the modulation of spinal p38 MAPK circuit can prevent joint inflammation via sympathetic networks and beta‐adrenoceptors activation.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology)
Source: Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology - December 1, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Alexandre Kanashiro, Marcelo Franchin, Gabriel Shimizu Bassi, D ênis Augusto Reis‐Santana, Thiago Mattar Cunha, Fernando Queiróz Cunha, Luis Ulloa, Gerson Jonathan Rodrigues Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Favorable Effects of Endoscopic Ligation Combined with Drugs on Rebleeding and Mortality in Cirrhotic Patients: A Network Meta-Analysis
Background: To assess the effects of combination therapies (endoscopic plus drug[s], drug combinations) on variceal/any-cause rebleeding and mortality among cirrhotic patients with one previous episode of variceal hemorrhage.Summary: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for eligible studies. We included 26 randomized controlled trials involving 2,536 adults using OR to measure the effects. Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) plus nadolol ranked first for reducing recurrent bleeds. Both EVL + nadolol and EVL + drugs (nadolol, sucralfate) decreased the risk of any-cause rebleeding than EVL alone ...
Source: Digestive Diseases - November 21, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Vigorous exercise mobilizes CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells to peripheral blood via the β2-adrenergic receptor
Publication date: Available online 7 October 2017 Source:Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Author(s): Nadia H Agha, Forrest L Baker, Hawley E. Kunz, Rachel Graff, Rod Azadan, Chad Dolan, Mitzi S. Laughlin, Chitra Hosing, Melissa M. Markofski, Richard A. Bond, Catherine M. Bollard, Richard J. Simpson Acute dynamic exercise mobilizes CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to the bloodstream, potentially serving as an economical adjuvant to boost the collection of HSCs from stem cell transplant donors. The mechanisms responsible for HSC mobilization with exercise are unknown but are likely due to hemodynamic perturba...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - October 9, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Vigorous exercise mobilizes CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells to peripheral blood via the β2-adrenergic receptor.
Abstract
Acute dynamic exercise mobilizes CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to the bloodstream, potentially serving as an economical adjuvant to boost the collection of HSCs from stem cell transplant donors. The mechanisms responsible for HSC mobilization with exercise are unknown but are likely due to hemodynamic perturbations, endogenous granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and/or β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) signaling. We characterized the temporal response of HSC mobilization and plasma G-CSF following exercise, and determined the impact of in vivo β-AR blockade on the exercise-induc...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - October 7, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Agha NH, Baker FL, Kunz HE, Graff R, Azadan R, Dolan C, Laughlin MS, Hosing C, Markofski MM, Bond RA, Bollard CM, Simpson RJ Tags: Brain Behav Immun Source Type: research
Effects of β-blockers on house dust mite-driven murine models pre- and post-development of an asthma phenotype
Conclusion Our findings in HDM models administering drugs both pre- and post-development of the asthma phenotype are consistent with previous results using ovalbumin models and show differential effects for nadolol and carvedilol on the asthma phenotype. Lastly, our data suggest that ERK1/2 phosphorylation may be involved in development of the asthma phenotype, but may have a limited role in maintaining the phenotype. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 18, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research
A focus on pharmacological management of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.
Abstract
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a channelopathy characterized by adrenergic mediated ventricular arrhythmia. Untreated CPVT is a malignant syndrome with more than 50% of arrhythmic event and up to 25% of fatal or near-fatal cardiac event at 8 years follow-up. Prevention of sudden cardiac death starts with exclusion of competitive sports. Beta blockers (BB) are the cornerstone pharmacological therapy for prevention of cardiac event in CPVT patients. Dose of BB should be the highest tolerable, preferably nadolol. Efficiency of BB is undeniable but uncompleted. Therefo...
Source: Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry - July 7, 2017 Category: Chemistry Authors: Barbanti C, Maltret A, Sidi D Tags: Mini Rev Med Chem Source Type: research
