Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2700: Compound Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging of Bovine Eye by Using Phase-Inverted Ultrasound Transducer
In this study, the entire internal ocular structure of a bovine eye was visualized in an ex vivo environment using the compound acoustic radiation force impulse (CARFI) imaging scheme based on the phase-inverted ultrasound transducer (PIUT). In the proposed method, the aperture of the PIUT is divided into four sections, and the PIUT is driven by the out-of-phase input signal capable of generating split-focusing at the same time. Subsequently, the compound imaging technique was employed to increase signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and to reduce displacement error. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed technique...
Source: Sensors - April 24, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Gil Su Kim Hak Hyun Moon Hee Su Lee Jong Seob Jeong Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2699: Systematic Evaluation of Ultrasonic In-Line Inspection Techniques for Oil and Gas Pipeline Defects Based on Bibliometric Analysis
Zhenlin Li
The global reliance on oil and gas pipelines for energy transportation is increasing. As the pioneering review in the field of ultrasonic defect detection for oil and gas pipelines based on bibliometric methods, this study employs visual analysis to identify the most influential countries, academic institutions, and journals in this domain. Through cluster analysis, it determines the primary trends, research hotspots, and future directions in this critical field. Starting from the current global industrial ultrasonic in-line inspection (ILI) detection level, this paper provides a flowchart for selecting d...
Source: Sensors - April 24, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Jie Huang Pengchao Chen Rui Li Kuan Fu Yanan Wang Jinyao Duan Zhenlin Li Tags: Systematic Review Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2687: Determination of Self-Heating in Silicon Photomultipliers
a-Pedro
The main consequence of radiation damage on a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is a significant increase in the dark current. If the SiPM is not adequately cooled, the power dissipation causes it to heat up, which alters its performance parameters. To investigate this heating effect, a measurement cycle was developed and performed with a KETEK SiPM glued to an Al2O3 substrate and with HPK SiPMs glued to either an Al2O3 substrate or a flexible PCB. The assemblies were connected either directly to a temperature-controlled chuck on a probe station, or through layers of materials with defined thermal resistance. An L...
Source: Sensors - April 24, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Erika Garutti Stephan Martens Joern Schwandt Carmen Villalba-Pedro Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2701: Research on a Sound Source Localization Method for UAV Detection Based on Improved Empirical Mode Decomposition
In this study, the collected flight signals of UAVs undergo smoothing filtering. Additionally, Robust Empirical Mode Decomposition (REMD) is applied to decompose the signals into Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) components for spectrum analysis. We introduce a sliding frequency window with adjustable bandwidth, which is automatically determined using a Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) with a sliding index. This window is used to lock and extract specific frequencies from the IMFs. Based on predefined criteria, the extracted IMF components are reconstructed, and trigger signal times are analyzed and recorded from these reconstructed ...
Source: Sensors - April 24, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Tao Chen Jiyan Yu Zhengpeng Yang Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2702: Study on Gesture Recognition Method with Two-Stream Residual Network Fusing sEMG Signals and Acceleration Signals
angpan Li
Currently, surface EMG signals have a wide range of applications in human–computer interaction systems. However, selecting features for gesture recognition models based on traditional machine learning can be challenging and may not yield satisfactory results. Considering the strong nonlinear generalization ability of neural networks, this paper proposes a two-stream residual network model with an attention mechanism for gesture recognition. One branch processes surface EMG signals, while the other processes hand acceleration signals. Segmented networks are utilized to fully extract the physiolog...
Source: Sensors - April 24, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Zhigang Hu Shen Wang Cuisi Ou Aoru Ge Xiangpan Li Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2704: Image Reconstruction Requirements for Short-Range Inductive Sensors Used in Single-Coil MIT
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MIT (magnetic induction tomography) image reconstruction from data acquired with a single, small inductive sensor has unique requirements not found in other imaging modalities. During the course of scanning over a target, measured inductive loss decreases rapidly with distance from the target boundary. Since inductive loss exists even at infinite separation due to losses internal to the sensor, all other measurements made in the vicinity of the target require subtraction of the infinite-separation loss. This is accomplished naturally by treating infinite-separation loss as an unknown. Furthermore, since contributions...
Source: Sensors - April 24, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Joe R. Feldkamp Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2703: High-Precision Visual Servoing for the Neutron Diffractometer STRESS-SPEC at MLZ
fmann
With neutron diffraction, the local stress and texture of metallic components can be analyzed non-destructively. For both, highly accurate positioning of the sample is essential, requiring the measurement at the same sample location from different directions. Current sample-positioning systems in neutron diffraction instruments combine XYZ tables and Eulerian cradles to enable the accurate six-degree-of-freedom (6DoF) handling of samples. However, these systems are not flexible enough. The choice of the rotation center and their range of motion are limited. Industrial six-axis robots have the necessary flexibil...
Source: Sensors - April 24, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Martin Landesberger Oguz Kedilioglu Lijiu Wang Weimin Gan Joana Rebelo Kornmeier Sebastian Reitelsh öfer J örg Franke Michael Hofmann Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2706: Estimation of Ground Reaction Forces during Sports Movements by Sensor Fusion from Inertial Measurement Units with 3D Forward Dynamics Model
In this study, rotational jump movements involving twists on land were measured using inertial measurement units (IMUs), and GRFs and body loads were estimated using a 3D forward dynamics model. Our forward dynamics and optimization calculation-based estimation method generated and optimized body movements using cost functions defined by motion measurements and internal body loads. To reduce the influence of dynamic acceleration in the optimization calculation, we estimated the 3D orientation using sensor fusion, comprising acceleration and angular velocity data from IMUs and an extended Kalman filter. As a result, by gene...
Source: Sensors - April 24, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Tatsuki Koshio Naoto Haraguchi Takayoshi Takahashi Yuse Hara Kazunori Hase Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2705: Temporal Relationship-Aware Treadmill Exercise Test Analysis Network for Coronary Artery Disease Diagnosis
Xingyu Gao
The treadmill exercise test (TET) serves as a non-invasive method for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Despite its widespread use, TET reports are susceptible to external influences, heightening the risk of misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. In this paper, we propose a novel automatic CAD diagnosis approach. The proposed approach introduces a customized preprocessing method to obtain clear electrocardiograms (ECGs) from individual TET reports. Additionally, it presents TETDiaNet, a novel neural network designed to explore the temporal relationships within TET ECGs. Central to TETDiaNet is the...
Source: Sensors - April 24, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Jianze Wei Bocheng Pan Yu Gan Xuedi Li Deping Liu Botao Sang Xingyu Gao Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2707: Coupling of Modes in Step-Index Plastic Optical Fibers by Using D-Shape Technique
This article presents a technique for reducing the stabilization length of steady-state modes in step-index plastic optical fibers (POFs) that is important for sensor networks, Internet of Things, and signal processing and data fusion in sensor systems. The results obtained with the computational tool developed suggest that the D-shape created in the POF effectively reduces the stabilization length of the modes and, by extension, minimizes the dispersion effects of the modes by filtering out high-order modes. Applying the analysis to commercial POFs, the authors experimentally verified a reduction in the stabilization leng...
Source: Sensors - April 24, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Cl áudio Márcio F. Silva Gefeson M. Pacheco Jognes Panasiewicz Luis A. Rabanal Ramirez Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2708: A Multiple Attention Convolutional Neural Networks for Diesel Engine Fault Diagnosis
Xiaoyang Bi
Fault diagnosis can improve the safety and reliability of diesel engines. An end-to-end method based on a multi-attention convolutional neural network (MACNN) is proposed for accurate and efficient diesel engine fault diagnosis. By optimizing the arrangement and kernel size of the channel and spatial attention modules, the feature extraction capability is improved, and an improved convolutional block attention module (ICBAM) is obtained. Vibration signal features are acquired using a feature extraction model alternating between the convolutional neural network (CNN) and ICBAM. The feature map is recombined ...
Source: Sensors - April 24, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Xiao Yang Fengrong Bi Jiangang Cheng Daijie Tang Pengfei Shen Xiaoyang Bi Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2709: The Influence of Nonlinear High-Intensity Dynamic Processes on the Standing Wave Precession of a Non-Ideal Hemispherical Resonator
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Yan Huo
The properties of small size, low noise, high performance and no wear-out have made the hemispherical resonator gyroscope a good choice for high-value space missions. To enhance the precision of the hemispherical resonator gyroscope for use in tasks with large angular velocities and angular accelerations, this paper investigates the standing wave precession of a non-ideal hemispherical resonator under nonlinear high-intensity dynamic conditions. Based on the thin shell theory of elasticity, a dynamic model of a hemispherical resonator is established by using Lagrange’s second kind equation. Th...
Source: Sensors - April 24, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Wei Cheng Shunqing Ren Boqi Xi Zhen Tian Youhuan Ning Yan Huo Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2710: Enhanced Lightweight YOLOX for Small Object Wildfire Detection in UAV Imagery
Weijun Pan
Target detection technology based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-derived aerial imagery has been widely applied in the field of forest fire patrol and rescue. However, due to the specificity of UAV platforms, there are still significant issues to be resolved such as severe omission, low detection accuracy, and poor early warning effectiveness. In light of these issues, this paper proposes an improved YOLOX network for the rapid detection of forest fires in images captured by UAVs. Firstly, to enhance the network’s feature-extraction capability in complex fire environments, a multi-level-feat...
Source: Sensors - April 24, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Tian Luan Shixiong Zhou Guokang Zhang Zechun Song Jiahui Wu Weijun Pan Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2711: Color and Luminance Separated Enhancement for Low-Light Images with Brightness Guidance
ng Sang
Existing retinex-based low-light image enhancement strategies focus heavily on crafting complex networks for Retinex decomposition but often result in imprecise estimations. To overcome the limitations of previous methods, we introduce a straightforward yet effective strategy for Retinex decomposition, dividing images into colormaps and graymaps as new estimations for reflectance and illumination maps. The enhancement of these maps is separately conducted using a diffusion model for improved restoration. Furthermore, we address the dual challenge of perturbation removal and brightness adjustment in illumination...
Source: Sensors - April 24, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Feng Zhang Xinran Liu Changxin Gao Nong Sang Tags: Article Source Type: research
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 2713: Impact of Rainfall on the Detection Performance of Non-Contact Safety Sensors for UAVs/UGVs
This study comprehensively investigates how rain and drizzle affect the object-detection performance of non-contact safety sensors, which are essential for the operation of unmanned aerial vehicles and ground vehicles in adverse weather conditions. In contrast to conventional sensor-performance evaluation based on the amount of precipitation, this paper proposes spatial transmittance and particle density as more appropriate metrics for rain environments. Through detailed experiments conducted under a variety of precipitation conditions, it is shown that sensor performance is significantly affected by the density of small r...
Source: Sensors - April 24, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Yasushi Sumi Bong Keun Kim Takuya Ogure Masato Kodama Naoki Sakai Masami Kobayashi Tags: Article Source Type: research
