Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 1916: Investigation of Using Hyperspectral Vegetation Indices to Assess Brassica Downy Mildew
This study aims to evaluate different vegetation indices to assess different downy mildew infection levels in the Brassica variety Mildis using hyperspectral data. Artificial inoculation using H. brassicae sporangia suspension was conducted to induce different levels of downy mildew disease. Spectral measurements, spanning 350 nm to 1050 nm, were conducted on the leaves using an environmentally controlled setup, and the reflectance data were acquired and processed. The Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA) and signal sensitivity calculation were used to extract the most informative wavelengths that could be used to develo...
Source: Sensors - March 16, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Bo Liu Marco Antonio Fernandez Taryn Michelle Liu Shunping Ding Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 1919: Enhancing View Synthesis with Depth-Guided Neural Radiance Fields and Improved Depth Completion
n Zhang Neural radiance fields (NeRFs) leverage a neural representation to encode scenes, obtaining photorealistic rendering of novel views. However, NeRF has notable limitations. A significant drawback is that it does not capture surface geometry and only renders the object surface colors. Furthermore, the training of NeRF is exceedingly time-consuming. We propose Depth-NeRF as a solution to these issues. Specifically, our approach employs a fast depth completion algorithm to denoise and complete the depth maps generated by RGB-D cameras. These improved depth maps guide the sampling points of NeRF to be distributed cl...
Source: Sensors - March 16, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Bojun Wang Danhong Zhang Yixin Su Huajun Zhang Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 1917: Leveraging the Sensitivity of Plants with Deep Learning to Recognize Human Emotions
A. Gloor Recent advances in artificial intelligence combined with behavioral sciences have led to the development of cutting-edge tools for recognizing human emotions based on text, video, audio, and physiological data. However, these data sources are expensive, intrusive, and regulated, unlike plants, which have been shown to be sensitive to human steps and sounds. A methodology to use plants as human emotion detectors is proposed. Electrical signals from plants were tracked and labeled based on video data. The labeled data were then used for classification., and the MLP, biLSTM, MFCC-CNN, MFCC-ResNet, Random Forest,...
Source: Sensors - March 16, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Jakob Adrian Kruse Leon Ciechanowski Ambre Dupuis Ignacio Vazquez Peter A. Gloor Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 1918: A Survey of PAPR Techniques Based on Machine Learning
Mendes OFDM is the modulation technology used in 4G and 5G wireless communication systems, and it will likely be essential to 6G wireless communication systems. However, OFDM introduces a high PAPR in the time domain due to constructive interference among multiple subcarriers, increasing the complexity and cost of the amplifiers and, consequently, the cost and complexity of 6G networks. Therefore, the development of new solutions to reduce the PAPR in OFDM systems is crucial to 6G networks. The application of ML has emerged as a promising avenue for tackling PAPR issues. Along this line, this paper presents a comprehe...
Source: Sensors - March 16, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Bianca S. de C. da da Silva Victoria D. P. Souto Richard D. Souza Luciano L. Mendes Tags: Review Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 1901: Human and Small Animal Detection Using Multiple Millimeter-Wave Radars and Data Fusion: Enabling Safe Applications
This study explores the challenges of using mmWave radars for the simultaneous detection of people and small animals, a critical concern in applications like indoor wireless energy transfer systems. This work proposes innovative methodologies for enhancing detection accuracy and overcoming the inherent difficulties posed by differences in target size and volume. In particular, we explore two distinct positioning scenarios that involve up to four mmWave radars in an indoor environment to detect and track both humans and small animals. We compare the outcomes achieved through the implementation of three distinct data-fusion ...
Source: Sensors - March 16, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Ana Beatriz Rodrigues Costa De Mattos Glauber Brante Guilherme L. Moritz Richard Demo Souza Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 1903: Assessing the Validity of the Ergotex IMU in Joint Angle Measurement: A Comparative Study with Optical Tracking Systems
In conclusion, the Ergotex IMU is a reliable tool for accurate joint angle measurements. It offers a practical and cost-effective alternative to more complex systems, particularly in settings where precise measurement is essential. (Source: Sensors)
Source: Sensors - March 16, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Jose M. Jimenez-Olmedo Juan Tortosa-Mart ínez Juan M. Cortell-Tormo Basilio Pueo Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 1902: Automated Seizure Detection Based on State-Space Model Identification
This study suggests that using a system identification technique, specifically, state-space modeling, combined with machine learning classifiers, such as decision trees, is an effective and efficient approach to automated seizure detection. (Source: Sensors)
Source: Sensors - March 16, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Zhuo Wang Michael R. Sperling Dale Wyeth Allon Guez Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 1904: The Potential Role of Wearable Inertial Sensors in Laboring Women with Walking Epidural Analgesia
Desseauve There is a growing interest in wearable inertial sensors to monitor and analyze the movements of pregnant women. The noninvasive and discrete nature of these sensors, integrated into devices accumulating large datasets, offers a unique opportunity to study the dynamic changes in movement patterns during the rapid physical transformations induced by pregnancy. However, the final cut of the third trimester of pregnancy, particularly the first stage of labor up to delivery, remains underexplored. The growing popularity of “walking epidural”, a neuraxial analgesia method allowing moto...
Source: Sensors - March 16, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Mikhail Dziadzko Adrien P éneaud Lionel Bouvet Thomas Robert Laetitia Fradet David Desseauve Tags: Communication Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 1905: Playing Flappy Bird Based on Motion Recognition Using a Transformer Model and LIDAR Sensor
al A transformer neural network is employed in the present study to predict Q-values in a simulated environment using reinforcement learning techniques. The goal is to teach an agent to navigate and excel in the Flappy Bird game, which became a popular model for control in machine learning approaches. Unlike most top existing approaches that use the game’s rendered image as input, our main contribution lies in using sensory input from LIDAR, which is represented by the ray casting method. Specifically, we focus on understanding the temporal context of measurements from a ray casting perspective and optimi...
Source: Sensors - March 16, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Iveta Dirgov á Luptáková Martin Kubov čík Ji ří Pospíchal Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 1906: Enhancing Security in Visible Light Communication: A Tabu-Search-Based Method for Transmitter Selection
gzheng Wang In this paper, we explore the secrecy performance of a visible light communication (VLC) system consisting of distributed light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and multiple users (UEs) randomly positioned within an indoor environment while considering the presence of an eavesdropper. To enhance the confidentiality of the system, we formulate a problem of maximizing the sum secrecy rate for UEs by searching for an optimal LED for each UE. Due to the non-convex and non-continuous nature of this security maximization problem, we propose an LED selection algorithm based on tabu search to avoid getting trapped in local o...
Source: Sensors - March 16, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Ge Shi Wei Cheng Xiang Gao Fupeng Wei Heng Zhang Qingzheng Wang Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 1907: PixRevive: Latent Feature Diffusion Model for Compressed Video Quality Enhancement
ei Weng In recent years, the rapid prevalence of high-definition video in Internet of Things (IoT) systems has been directly facilitated by advances in imaging sensor technology. To adapt to limited uplink bandwidth, most media platforms opt to compress videos to bitrate streams for transmission. However, this compression often leads to significant texture loss and artifacts, which severely degrade the Quality of Experience (QoE). We propose a latent feature diffusion model (LFDM) for compressed video quality enhancement, which comprises a compact edge latent feature prior network (ELPN) and a conditional noise predict...
Source: Sensors - March 16, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Weiran Wang Minge Jing Yibo Fan Wei Weng Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 1909: A Review on Traversability Risk Assessments for Autonomous Ground Vehicles: Methods and Metrics
Aufrère Evaluating the risk associated with operations is an essential element of safe planning and an essential prerequisite in mobile robotics. This issue is very broad, with numerous definitions emerging in the recent literature adapting different application scenarios and leading to different algorithmic approaches. In this review, we will investigate how the state-of-the-art approaches define the traversability risk, particularly for mobile robots, whereby we classify existing risk-aware navigation algorithms according to their characterization of risk. Subsequently, we will overview the formulations of risk asse...
Source: Sensors - March 16, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Mohamed Benrabah Charifou Orou Orou Mousse Elie Randriamiarintsoa Roland Chapuis Romuald Aufr ère Tags: Review Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 1908: PAR-Net: An Enhanced Dual-Stream CNN & ndash;ESN Architecture for Human Physical Activity Recognition
Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 1908: PAR-Net: An Enhanced Dual-Stream CNN–ESN Architecture for Human Physical Activity Recognition Sensors doi: 10.3390/s24061908 Authors: Imran Ullah Khan Jong Weon Lee Physical exercise affects many facets of life, including mental health, social interaction, physical fitness, and illness prevention, among many others. Therefore, several AI-driven techniques have been developed in the literature to recognize human physical activities. However, these techniques fail to adequately learn the temporal and spatial features of the data patterns. Additionally, these techniques are un...
Source: Sensors - March 16, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Imran Ullah Khan Jong Weon Lee Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 1910: Comparing Video Analysis to Computerized Detection of Limb Position for the Diagnosis of Movement Control during Back Squat Exercise with Overload
In this study, hidden Markov models (HMMs) were employed to automate the detection of joint position and barbell trajectory during back squat exercises. Ten volunteers performed three lift movements each with a 0, 50, and 75% load based on body weight. A smartphone was used to record the movements in the sagittal plane, providing information for the analysis of variance and identifying significant position changes by video analysis (p < 0.05). Data from individuals performing the same movements with no added weight load were used to train the HMMs to identify changes in the pattern. A comparison of HMMs and huma...
Source: Sensors - March 16, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Andr é B. Peres Andrei Sancassani Eliane A. Castro Tiago A. F. Almeida Danilo A. Massini Anderson G. Macedo M ário C. Espada V íctor Hernández-Beltrán Jos é M. Gamonales Dalton M. Pess ôa Filho Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 24, Pages 1881: Impacts of Spatial Resolution and XCO2 Precision on Satellite Capability for CO2 Plumes Detection
In this study, we quantitatively evaluate the performance of satellite in detecting CO2 plumes from power plants based on an improved Gaussian plume model, with focus on impacts of the satellite spatial resolution and the satellite-derived XCO2 precision under different meteorological conditions. The simulations of CO2 plumes indicate that the enhanced spatial resolution and XCO2 precision can significantly improve the detection capability of satellite, especially for small-sized power plants with emissions below 6 Mt CO2/yr. The satellite-detected maximum of XCO2 enhancement strongly varies with the wind condition. For a ...
Source: Sensors - March 15, 2024 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Zhongbin Li Meng Fan Jinhua Tao Benben Xu Tags: Article Source Type: research