Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Glycosite-deleted mRNA of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a broad-spectrum vaccine [Biochemistry]
Development of the messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine has emerged as an effective and speedy strategy to control the spread of new pathogens. After vaccination, the mRNA is translated into the real protein vaccine, and there is no need to manufacture the protein in vitro. However, the fate of mRNA and... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 11, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Chung-Yi Wu, Cheng-Wei Cheng, Chih-Chuan Kung, Kuo-Shiang Liao, Jia-Tsrong Jan, Che Ma, Chi-Huey Wong Tags: Biochemistry, Coronavirus (COVID-19) Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Targeting stem-loop 1 of the SARS-CoV-2 5' UTR to suppress viral translation and Nsp1 evasion [Microbiology]
SARS-CoV-2 is a highly pathogenic virus that evades antiviral immunity by interfering with host protein synthesis, mRNA stability, and protein trafficking. The SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1) uses its C-terminal domain to block the messenger RNA (mRNA) entry channel of the 40S ribosome to inhibit host protein synthesis. However, how... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 11, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Setu M. Vora, Pietro Fontana, Tianyang Mao, Valerie Leger, Ying Zhang, Tian-Min Fu, Judy Lieberman, Lee Gehrke, Ming Shi, Longfei Wang, Akiko Iwasaki, Hao Wu Tags: Microbiology, Coronavirus (COVID-19) Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Superposition strategies: How and why White people say contradictory things about race [Social Sciences]
Due to the centrality of race and racism in social, economic, and political life, coupled with the racially privileged position of White people, the assessment of White racial attitudes is an ongoing concern. There is a great deal of survey-based, quantitative work that demonstrates a compelling case of White attitudinal... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 11, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Matthew W. Hughey Tags: Social Sciences, Perspectives Source Type: research

Integrative analysis reveals multiple modes of LXR transcriptional regulation in liver [Physiology]
The nuclear receptors liver X receptor (LXR) α and β play crucial roles in hepatic metabolism. Many genes induced in response to pharmacologic LXR agonism have been defined; however, the transcriptional consequences of loss of LXR binding to its genomic targets are less well characterized. Here, we addressed how deletion... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 10, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Lara Bideyan, Wenxin Fan, Karolina Elzbieta Kaczor–Urbanowicz, Christina Priest, David Casero, Peter Tontonoz Tags: Physiology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Mutation bias shapes the spectrum of adaptive substitutions [Evolution]
Evolutionary adaptation often occurs by the fixation of beneficial mutations. This mode of adaptation can be characterized quantitatively by a spectrum of adaptive substitutions, i.e., a distribution for types of changes fixed in adaptation. Recent work establishes that the changes involved in adaptation reflect common types of mutations, raising the... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 10, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Aleȷandro V. Cano, Hana Rozhoňova, Arlin Stoltzfus, David M. McCandlish, Joshua L. Payne Tags: Evolution Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Persistent soil carbon enhanced in Mollisols by well-managed grasslands but not annual grain or dairy forage cropping systems [Agricultural Sciences]
Intensive crop production on grassland-derived Mollisols has liberated massive amounts of carbon (C) to the atmosphere. Whether minimizing soil disturbance, diversifying crop rotations, or re-establishing perennial grasslands and integrating livestock can slow or reverse this trend remains highly uncertain. We investigated how these management practices affected soil organic carbon (SOC)... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 10, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Yichao Rui, Randall D. Jackson, M. Francesca Cotrufo, Gregg R. Sanford, Brian J. Spiesman, Leonardo Deiss, Steven W. Culman, Chao Liang, Matthew D. Ruark Tags: Agricultural Sciences Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Trends in social mobility in postrevolution China [Social Sciences]
In this paper, we study long-term trends in social mobility in the People’s Republic of China since its inception in 1949, with two operationalizations: 1) intergenerational occupational mobility and 2) intergenerational educational mobility. We draw on an accumulation of administrative and survey data and provide comparable estimates of these measures... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 10, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Yu Xie, Hao Dong, Xiang Zhou, Xi Song Tags: Social Sciences Source Type: research

Scale-dependent tipping points of bacterial colonization resistance [Ecology]
Bacteria are efficient colonizers of a wide range of secluded microhabitats, such as soil pores, skin follicles, or intestinal crypts. How the structural diversity of these habitats modulates microbial self-organization remains poorly understood, in part because of the difficulty to precisely manipulate the physical structure of microbial environments. Using a... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 10, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Yuya Karita, David T. Limmer, Oskar Hallatschek Tags: Biophysics and Computational Biology, Ecology Physical Sciences Source Type: research

Somatostatin-type and allatostatin-C-type neuropeptides are paralogous and have opposing myoregulatory roles in an echinoderm [Physiology]
Somatostatin (SS) and allatostatin-C (ASTC) are inhibitory neuropeptides in chordates and protostomes, respectively, which hitherto were identified as orthologs. However, echinoderms have two SS/ASTC-type neuropeptides (SS1 and SS2), and here, our analysis of sequence data indicates that SS1 is an ortholog of ASTC and SS2 is an ortholog of SS.... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 10, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Ya Zhang, Luis Alfonso Yanez–Guerra, Ana B. Tinoco, Nayeli Escudero Castelan, Michaela Egertova, Maurice R. Elphick Tags: Physiology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

TRIM14 inhibits OPTN-mediated autophagic degradation of KDM4D to epigenetically regulate inflammation [Cell Biology]
Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process of protein degradation and recycling that regulates immune signaling pathways via multiple mechanisms. However, it remains unclear how autophagy epigenetically regulates the immune response. Here, we identified TRIM14 as an epigenetic regulator that reduces histone H3K9 trimethylation by inhibiting the autophagic degradation of the... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 10, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Di Liu, Zhiyao Zhao, Yuanchu She, Lei Zhang, Xiangtian Chen, Ling Ma, Jun Cui Tags: Cell Biology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Protein kinase C{gamma} in cerebellar Purkinȷe cells regulates Ca2+-activated large-conductance K+ channels and motor coordination [Neuroscience]
The cerebellum, the site where protein kinase C (PKC) was first discovered, contains the highest amount of PKC in the central nervous system, with PKCγ being the major isoform. Systemic PKCγ-knockout (KO) mice showed impaired motor coordination and deficient pruning of surplus climbing fibers (CFs) from developing cerebellar Purkinje cells... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 10, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Masashi Watanave, Nobutaka Takahashi, Nobutake Hosoi, Ayumu Konno, Hikaru Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Yasui, Mika Kawachi, Takuro Horii, Yasunori Matsuzaki, Izuho Hatada, Hirokazu Hirai Tags: Neuroscience Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Fracture of model end-linked networks [Applied Physical Sciences]
Advances in polymer chemistry over the last decade have enabled the synthesis of molecularly precise polymer networks that exhibit homogeneous structure. These precise polymer gels create the opportunity to establish true multiscale, molecular to macroscopic, relationships that define their elastic and failure properties. In this work, a theory of network... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 10, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Christopher W. Barney, Ziyu Ye, Ipek Sacligil, Kelly R. McLeod, Han Zhang, Gregory N. Tew, Robert A. Riggleman, Alfred J. Crosby Tags: Applied Physical Sciences Source Type: research

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron uses a widespread extracellular DNase to promote bile-dependent biofilm formation [Microbiology]
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is a gut symbiont that inhabits the mucus layer and adheres to and metabolizes food particles, contributing to gut physiology and maturation. Although adhesion and biofilm formation could be key features for B. thetaiotaomicron stress resistance and gut colonization, little is known about the determinants of B. thetaiotaomicron... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 10, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Nathalie Bechon, Jovana Mihaȷlovic, Anne–Aurelie Lopes, Sol Vendrell–Fernandez, Julien Deschamps, Romain Briandet, Odile Sismeiro, Isabelle Martin–Verstraete, Bruno Dupuy, Jean–Marc Ghigo Tags: Microbiology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Evolution during primary HIV infection does not require adaptive immune selection [Biophysics and Computational Biology]
Modern HIV research depends crucially on both viral sequencing and population measurements. To directly link mechanistic biological processes and evolutionary dynamics during HIV infection, we developed multiple within-host phylodynamic models of HIV primary infection for comparative validation against viral load and evolutionary dynamics data. The optimal model of primary infection... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 10, 2022 Category: Science Authors: David A. Swan, Morgane Rolland, Joshua T. Herbeck, Joshua T. Schiffer, Daniel B. Reeves Tags: Evolution Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Self-healing codes: How stable neural populations can track continually reconfiguring neural representations [Neuroscience]
As an adaptive system, the brain must retain a faithful representation of the world while continuously integrating new information. Recent experiments have measured population activity in cortical and hippocampal circuits over many days and found that patterns of neural activity associated with fixed behavioral variables and percepts change dramatically over... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 10, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Michael E. Rule, Timothy O’Leary Tags: Neuroscience Biological Sciences Source Type: research