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Linking a nuclear lncRNA to cytoplasmic lysosome integrity and cell death [Cell Biology]
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that are ≥200 nucleotides in size and may function in diverse biological processes (1). Although the human genome may encode up to ∼100,000 lncRNAs, most lncRNAs are at low abundance and it is hard to tell their real function. However, a subset of... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 15, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Haibin Liu, Zhi-Ming Zheng Tags: Cell Biology, Commentaries Commentary Source Type: research

Epistatic genetic interactions govern morphogenesis during sexual reproduction and infection in a global human fungal pathogen [Genetics]
Cellular development is orchestrated by evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways, which are often pleiotropic and involve intra- and interpathway epistatic interactions that form intricate, complex regulatory networks. Cryptococcus species are a group of closely related human fungal pathogens that grow as yeasts yet transition to hyphae during sexual reproduction. Additionally, during... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 15, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Sheng Sun, Cullen Roth, Anna Floyd Averette, Paul M. Magwene, Joseph Heitman Tags: Genetics Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Pulsed rise and growth of the Tibetan Plateau to its northern margin since ca. 30 Ma [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences]
The onset of mountain building along margins of the Tibetan Plateau provides a key constraint on the processes by which the high topography in Eurasia formed. Although progressive expansion of thickened crust underpins most models, several studies suggest that the northern extent of the plateau was established early, soon after... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 15, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Weitao Wang, Peizhen Zhang, Carmala N. Garzione, Caicai Liu, Zhuqi Zhang, Jianzhang Pang, Yizhou Wang, Dewen Zheng, Wenjun Zheng, Huiping Zhang Tags: Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Physical Sciences Source Type: research

Modeling the instantaneous normal mode spectra of liquids as that of unstable elastic media [Physics]
We study the instantaneous normal mode (INM) spectrum of a simulated soft-sphere liquid at different equilibrium temperatures T. We find that the spectrum of eigenvalues ρ(λ) has a sharp maximum near (but not at) λ=0 and decreases monotonically with |λ| on both the stable and unstable sides of the spectrum.... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 15, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Walter Schirmacher, Taras Bryk, Giancarlo Ruocco Tags: Physics Physical Sciences Source Type: research

Viral PB1-F2 and host IFN-{gamma} guide ILC2 and T cell activity during influenza virus infection [Immunology and Inflammation]
Functional plasticity of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and T cells is regulated by host environmental cues, but the influence of pathogen-derived virulence factors has not been described. We now report the interplay between host interferon (IFN)-γ and viral PB1-F2 virulence protein in regulating the functions of ILC2s and T cells... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 15, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Tarani Kanta Barman, Victor C. Huber, Jesse L. Bonin, Danielle Califano, Sharon L. Salmon, Andrew N. J. McKenzie, Dennis W. Metzger Tags: Immunology and Inflammation Biological Sciences Source Type: research

LINE-1 expression in cancer correlates with p53 mutation, copy number alteration, and S phase checkpoint [Systems Biology]
Retrotransposons are genomic DNA sequences that copy themselves to new genomic locations via RNA intermediates; LINE-1 is the only active and autonomous retrotransposon in the human genome. The mobility of LINE-1 is largely repressed in somatic tissues but is derepressed in many cancers, where LINE-1 retrotransposition is correlated with p53... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 15, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Wilson McKerrow, Xuya Wang, Carlos Mendez–Dorantes, Paolo Mita, Song Cao, Mark Grivainis, Li Ding, John LaCava, Kathleen H. Burns, Jef D. Boeke, David Fenyo Tags: Systems Biology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Deciphering the endometrial niche of human thin endometrium at single-cell resolution [Medical Sciences]
Thin endometrium has been widely recognized as a critical cause of infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and placental abnormalities; however, access to effective treatment is a formidable challenge due to the rudimentary understanding of the pathogenesis of thin endometrium. Here, we profiled the transcriptomes of human endometrial cells at single-cell resolution... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 15, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Haining Lv, Guangfeng Zhao, Peipei Jiang, Huiyan Wang, Zhiyin Wang, Simin Yao, Zhenhua Zhou, Limin Wang, Dan Liu, Wenbo Deng, Jianwu Dai, Yali Hu Tags: Medical Sciences Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Contribution of cytoplasm viscoelastic properties to mitotic spindle positioning [Biophysics and Computational Biology]
Cells are filled with macromolecules and polymer networks that set scale-dependent viscous and elastic properties to the cytoplasm. Although the role of these parameters in molecular diffusion, reaction kinetics, and cellular biochemistry is being increasingly recognized, their contributions to the motion and positioning of larger organelles, such as mitotic spindles... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 15, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Jing Xie, Javad Naȷafi, Remi Le Borgne, Jean–Marc Verbavatz, Catherine Durieu, Jeremy Salle, Nicolas Minc Tags: Cell Biology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Butterfly eyespots evolved via cooption of an ancestral gene-regulatory network that also patterns antennae, legs, and wings [Evolution]
Butterfly eyespots are beautiful novel traits with an unknown developmental origin. Here we show that eyespots likely originated via cooption of parts of an ancestral appendage gene-regulatory network (GRN) to novel locations on the wing. Using comparative transcriptome analysis, we show that eyespots cluster most closely with antennae, relative to... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 15, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Suriya Narayanan Murugesan, Heidi Connahs, Yuȷi Matsuoka, Mainak Das Gupta, Galen J. L. Tiong, Manizah Huq, V. Gowri, Sarah Monroe, Kevin D. Deem, Thomas Werner, Yoshinori Tomoyasu, Antonia Monteiro Tags: Evolution Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Visual object categorization in infancy [Psychological and Cognitive Sciences]
Humans make sense of the world by organizing things into categories. When and how does this process begin? We investigated whether real-world object categories that spontaneously emerge in the first months of life match categorical representations of objects in the human visual cortex. Using eye tracking, we measured the differential... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 15, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Celine Spriet, Etienne Abassi, Jean–Remy Hochmann, Liuba Papeo Tags: Psychological and Cognitive Sciences Biological Sciences Source Type: research

In This Issue [This Week in PNAS]
PLANT BIOLOGY and AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Machine learning could help breeders select for flavor in commercial fruits. Image credit: Pixabay/LoggaWiggler. Enhancing flavor in fruits Plant growers tend to target traits such as yield and resilience while breeding improved varieties of fruit and vegetable crops. However, flavor, an attribute prized by consumers,... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 15, 2022 Category: Science Tags: In This Issue This Week in PNAS Source Type: research

Correction for Toczydlowski et al., Poor data stewardship will hinder global genetic diversity surveillance [Genetics]
GENETICS Correction for “Poor data stewardship will hinder global genetic diversity surveillance,” by Rachel H. Toczydlowski, Libby Liggins, Michelle R. Gaither, Tanner J. Anderson, Randi L. Barton, Justin T. Berg, Sofia G. Beskid, Beth Davis, Alonso Delgado, Emily Farrell, Maryam Ghoojaei, Nan Himmelsbach, Ann E. Holmes, Samantha R. Queeno, Thienthanh... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Tags: Genetics, Corrections Source Type: research

Correction for Yang et al., Just 2% of SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals carry 90% of the virus circulating in communities [Microbiology]
MICROBIOLOGY Correction for “Just 2% of SARS-CoV-2−positive individuals carry 90% of the virus circulating in communities,” by Qing Yang, Tassa K. Saldi, Patrick K. Gonzales, Erika Lasda, Carolyn J. Decker, Kimngan L. Tat, Morgan R. Fink, Cole R. Hager, Jack C. Davis, Christopher D. Ozeroff, Denise Muhlrad, Stephen K. Clark,... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Tags: Microbiology, Corrections Source Type: research

Correction for Douglass et al., Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene sites in the montane forests of New Guinea yield early record of cassowary hunting and egg harvesting [Anthropology]
ANTHROPOLOGY Correction for “Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene sites in the montane forests of New Guinea yield early record of cassowary hunting and egg harvesting,” by Kristina Douglass, Dylan Gaffney, Teresa J. Feo, Priyangi Bulathsinhala, Andrew L. Mack, Megan Spitzer, and Glenn R. Summerhayes, which published September 27, 2021; 10.1073/pnas.2100117118 (Proc. Natl.... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Tags: Anthropology, Corrections Source Type: research

Correction to Supporting Information for Perkins et al., De novo biosynthesis of a nonnatural cobalt porphyrin cofactor in E. coli and incorporation into hemoproteins [Biochemistry]
CHEMISTRY, BIOCHEMISTRY Correction to Supporting Information for “De novo biosynthesis of a nonnatural cobalt porphyrin cofactor in E. coli and incorporation into hemoproteins,” by Lydia J. Perkins, Brian R. Weaver, Andrew R. Buller, and Judith N. Burstyn, which published April 13, 2021; 10.1073/pnas.2017625118 (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 118, e2017625118).... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Tags: SI Correction Source Type: research