Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

A diffusion MRI-based spatiotemporal continuum of the embryonic mouse brain for probing gene-neuroanatomy connections [Neuroscience]
The embryonic mouse brain undergoes drastic changes in establishing basic anatomical compartments and laying out major axonal connections of the developing brain. Correlating anatomical changes with gene-expression patterns is an essential step toward understanding the mechanisms regulating brain development. Traditionally, this is done in a cross-sectional manner, but the dynamic... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Dan Wu, Linda J. Richards, Zhiyong Zhao, Zuozhen Cao, Wanrong Luo, Wei Shao, Song-Hai Shi, Michael I. Miller, Susumu Mori, Seth Blackshaw, Jiangyang Zhang Tags: Neuroscience Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Land-use trajectories for sustainable land system transformations: Identifying leverage points in a global biodiversity hotspot [Ecology]
Sustainable land-system transformations are necessary to avert biodiversity and climate collapse. However, it remains unclear where entry points for transformations exist in complex land systems. Here, we conceptualize land systems along land-use trajectories, which allows us to identify and evaluate leverage points, i.e., entry points on the trajectory where targeted... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Dominic Andreas Martin, Fanilo Andrianisaina, Thio Rosin Fulgence, Kristina Osen, Anȷaharinony Andry Ny Aina Rakotomalala, Estelle Raveloaritiana, Marie Rolande Soazafy, Annemarie Wurz, Rouvah Andriafanomezantsoa, Harilala Andriamaniraka, Aristide Tags: Ecology, Sustainability Science Social Sciences Source Type: research

Chronic partial TrkB activation reduces seizures and mortality in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome [Neuroscience]
Dravet syndrome (DS) is one of the most severe childhood epilepsies, characterized by intractable seizures and comorbidities including cognitive and social dysfunction and high premature mortality. DS is mainly caused by loss-of-function mutations in the Scn1a gene encoding Nav1.1 that is predominantly expressed in inhibitory parvalbumin-containing (PV) interneurons. Decreased Nav1.1... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Feng Gu, Isabel Parada, Tao Yang, Frank M. Longo, David A. Prince Tags: Neuroscience Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Tension-dependent stabilization of E-cadherin limits cell-cell contact expansion in zebrafish germ-layer progenitor cells [Cell Biology]
Tension of the actomyosin cell cortex plays a key role in determining cell–cell contact growth and size. The level of cortical tension outside of the cell–cell contact, when pulling at the contact edge, scales with the total size to which a cell–cell contact can grow [J.-L. Maître et al., Science... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Jana Slovakova, Mateusz Sikora, Feyza Nur Arslan, Silvia Caballero–Mancebo, S. F. Gabriel Krens, Walter A. Kaufmann, Jack Merrin, Carl–Philipp Heisenberg Tags: Cell Biology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Light and flow regimes regulate the metabolism of rivers [Environmental Sciences]
Mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation drive much of the variation in productivity across Earth's terrestrial ecosystems but do not explain variation in gross primary productivity (GPP) or ecosystem respiration (ER) in flowing waters. We document substantial variation in the magnitude and seasonality of GPP and ER across 222... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Emily S. Bernhardt, Phil Savoy, Michael J. Vlah, Alison P. Appling, Lauren E. Koenig, Robert O. Hall Jr., Maite Arroita, Joanna R. Blaszczak, Alice M. Carter, Matt Cohen, Judson W. Harvey, James B. Heffernan, Ashley M. Helton, Jacob D. Hosen, Lily Kirk, W Tags: Ecology, Environmental Sciences Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Quantitative detection of hydrogen peroxide in rain, air, exhaled breath, and biological fluids by NMR spectroscopy [Chemistry]
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a key role in environmental chemistry, biology, and medicine. H2O2 concentrations typically are 6 to 10 orders of magnitude lower than that of water, making its quantitative detection challenging. We demonstrate that optimized NMR spectroscopy allows direct, interference-free, quantitative measurements of H2O2 down to submicromolar levels... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Tayeb Kakeshpour, Belhu Metaferia, Richard N. Zare, Adriaan Bax Tags: Chemistry, Brief Reports Physical Sciences Source Type: research

Molecular parallelism in signaling function across different sexually selected ornaments in a warbler [Evolution]
Extravagant ornaments are thought to signal male quality to females choosing mates, but the evidence linking ornament size to male quality is controversial, particularly in cases in which females prefer different ornaments in different populations. Here, we use whole-genome sequencing and transcriptomics to determine the genetic basis of ornament size... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Nicholas D. Sly, Corey R. Freeman-Gallant, Amberleigh E. Henschen, Piotr Minias, Linda A. Whittingham, Peter O. Dunn Tags: Evolution Biological Sciences Source Type: research

AI-synthesized faces are indistinguishable from real faces and more trustworthy [Psychological and Cognitive Sciences]
Artificial intelligence (AI)–synthesized text, audio, image, and video are being weaponized for the purposes of nonconsensual intimate imagery, financial fraud, and disinformation campaigns. Our evaluation of the photorealism of AI-synthesized faces indicates that synthesis engines have passed through the uncanny valley and are capable of creating faces that are indistinguishable—and... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Sophie J. Nightingale, Hany Farid Tags: Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Brief Reports Social Sciences Source Type: research

Enhanced localized dipole of Pt-Au single-site catalyst for solar water splitting [Environmental Sciences]
Solar water splitting is regarded as holding great potential for clean fuels production. However, the efficiency of charge separation/transfer of photocatalysts is still too low for industrial application. This paper describes the synthesis of a Pt-Au binary single-site loaded g-C3N4 nanosheet photocatalyst inspired by the concept of the dipole. The... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Xingyu Liu, Zhifei Hao, Haitao Wang, Tuo Wang, Zhurui Shen, Hao Zhang, Sihui Zhan, Jinlong Gong Tags: Environmental Sciences Physical Sciences Source Type: research

Identification of Fenton-like active Cu sites by heteroatom modulation of electronic density [Chemistry]
Developing heterogeneous catalysts with atomically dispersed active sites is vital to boost peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for Fenton-like activity, but how to controllably adjust the electronic configuration of metal centers to further improve the activation kinetics still remains a great challenge. Herein, we report a systematic investigation into heteroatom-doped engineering for... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Xiao Zhou, Ming-Kun Ke, Gui-Xiang Huang, Cai Chen, Wenxing Chen, Kuang Liang, Yunteng Qu, Jia Yang, Ying Wang, Fengting Li, Han-Qing Yu, Yuen Wu Tags: Chemistry Physical Sciences Source Type: research

Temperature protocols to guide selective self-assembly of competing structures [Applied Physical Sciences]
Multicomponent self-assembly mixtures offer the possibility of encoding multiple target structures with the same set of interacting components. Selective retrieval of one of the stored structures has been attempted by preparing an initial state that favors the assembly of the required target, through seeding, concentration patterning, or specific choices of... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Arunkumar Bupathy, Daan Frenkel, Srikanth Sastry Tags: Applied Physical Sciences Source Type: research

Sharp, localized phase transitions in single neuronal cells [Applied Physical Sciences]
The origin of nonlinear responses in cells has been suggested to be crucial for various cell functions including the propagation of the nervous impulse. In physics, nonlinear behavior often originates from phase transitions. Evidence for such transitions on the single-cell level, however, has so far not been provided, leaving the... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Carina S. Fedosejevs, Matthias F. Schneider Tags: Applied Physical Sciences Source Type: research

Why marginal CO2 emissions are not decreasing for US electricity: Estimates and implications for climate policy [Economic Sciences]
Marginal emissions of CO2 from the electricity sector are critical for evaluating climate policies that rely on shifts in electricity demand or supply. This paper provides estimates of marginal CO2 emissions from US electricity generation using the most recently available and comprehensive data. The estimates vary by region, hour of... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Stephen P. Holland, Matthew J. Kotchen, Erin T. Mansur, Andrew J. Yates Tags: Economic Sciences Social Sciences Source Type: research

Superantigens promote Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection by eliciting pathogenic interferon-gamma production [Microbiology]
Staphylococcus aureus is a foremost bacterial pathogen responsible for a vast array of human diseases. Staphylococcal superantigens (SAgs) constitute a family of exotoxins from S. aureus that bind directly to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and T cell receptors to drive extensive T cell activation and cytokine release. Although... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Stephen W. Tuffs, Mariya I. Goncheva, Stacey X. Xu, Heather C. Craig, Katherine J. Kasper, Joshua Choi, Ronald S. Flannagan, Steven M. Kerfoot, David E. Heinrichs, John K. McCormick Tags: Microbiology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

The origin of volatile elements in the Earth-Moon system [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences]
The origin of volatile species such as water in the Earth–Moon system is a subject of intense debate but is obfuscated by the potential for volatile loss during the Giant Impact that resulted in the formation of these bodies. One way to address these topics and place constraints on the... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 14, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Lars E. Borg, Gregory A. Brennecka, Thomas S. Kruijer Tags: Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Physical Sciences Source Type: research