Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Single-molecule optofluidic microsensor with interface whispering gallery modes [Applied Biological Sciences]
Label-free sensors are highly desirable for biological analysis and early-stage disease diagnosis. Optical evanescent sensors have shown extraordinary ability in label-free detection, but their potentials have not been fully exploited because of the weak evanescent field tails at the sensing surfaces. Here, we report an ultrasensitive optofluidic biosensor with interface... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 3, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Xiao-Chong Yu, Shui-Jing Tang, Wenjing Liu, Yinglun Xu, Qihuang Gong, You-Ling Chen, Yun-Feng Xiao Tags: Applied Biological Sciences, Applied Physical Sciences Source Type: research

Decoding the information structure underlying the neural representation of concepts [Neuroscience]
The nature of the representational code underlying conceptual knowledge remains a major unsolved problem in cognitive neuroscience. We assessed the extent to which different representational systems contribute to the instantiation of lexical concepts in high-level, heteromodal cortical areas previously associated with semantic cognition. We found that lexical semantic information can... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 3, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Leonardo Fernandino, Jia-Qing Tong, Lisa L. Conant, Colin J. Humphries, Jeffrey R. Binder Tags: Neuroscience, Psychological and Cognitive Sciences Social Sciences Source Type: research

In vivo oxidation by thioredoxin regulates chloroplast enzyme activity [Plant Biology]
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are proteins that can receive or donate electrons via reduction or oxidation, respectively, of their redox-active cysteine pair, converting a disulfide to thiol or vice versa. They are involved in multiple biological processes throughout all kingdoms of life, modulating the activity of enzymes that function, for example, in... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 3, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Alizee Malnoe Tags: Plant Biology, Commentaries Commentary Source Type: research

Variation of TNF modulates cellular immunity of gregarious and solitary locusts against fungal pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae [Agricultural Sciences]
Changes in population density lead to phenotypic differentiation of solitary and gregarious locusts, which display different resistance to fungal pathogens; however, how to regulate their cellular immune strategies remains unknown. Here, our stochastic simulation of pathogen proliferation suggested that humoral defense always enhanced resistance to fungal pathogens, while phagocytosis sometimes... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 2, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Yundan Wang, Xiwen Tong, Shenglei Yuan, Pengcheng Yang, Ling Li, Yong Zhao, Le Kang Tags: Agricultural Sciences Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Loss of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase function increases oxidative stress and glutaminolysis in metastasizing melanoma cells [Cell Biology]
The pentose phosphate pathway is a major source of NADPH for oxidative stress resistance in cancer cells but there is limited insight into its role in metastasis, when some cancer cells experience high levels of oxidative stress. To address this, we mutated the substrate binding site of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 2, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Arin B. Aurora, Vishal Khivansara, Ashley Leach, Jennifer G. Gill, Misty Martin-Sandoval, Chendong Yang, Stacy Y. Kasitinon, Divya Bezwada, Alpaslan Tasdogan, Wen Gu, Thomas P. Mathews, Zhiyu Zhao, Ralph J. DeBerardinis, Sean J. Morrison Tags: Cell Biology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Complex decay dynamics of HIV virions, intact and defective proviruses, and 2LTR circles following initiation of antiretroviral therapy [Medical Sciences]
In persons living with HIV-1 (PLWH) who start antiretroviral therapy (ART), plasma virus decays in a biphasic fashion to below the detection limit. The first phase reflects the short half-life ( (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 2, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Jennifer A. White, Francesco R. Simonetti, Subul Beg, Natalie F. McMyn, Weiwei Dai, Niklas Bachmann, Jun Lai, William C. Ford, Christina Bunch, Joyce L. Jones, Ruy. M. Ribeiro, Alan S. Perelson, Janet D. Siliciano, Robert F. Siliciano Tags: Medical Sciences Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Immunogenicity of rVSV{Delta}G-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccination in exposed and potentially exposed persons in the Democratic Republic of the Congo [Medical Sciences]
This study examines the antibody response at 21 d and 6 mo postvaccination... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 2, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Nicole A. Hoff, Anna Bratcher, J. Daniel Kelly, Kamy Musene, Jean Paul Kompany, Michel Kabamba, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Bonnie Dighero-Kemp, Gregory Kocher, Elizabeth Elliott, Cavan Reilly, Megan Halbrook, Benoit Ilunga Kebela, Adva Gadoth, Guillaume Ngo Tags: Medical Sciences Biological Sciences Source Type: research

In vivo imaging of the GnRH pulse generator reveals a temporal order of neuronal activation and synchronization during each pulse [Neuroscience]
A hypothalamic pulse generator located in the arcuate nucleus controls episodic release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and is essential for reproduction. Recent evidence suggests this generator is composed of arcuate “KNDy” cells, the abbreviation based on coexpression of kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin. However, direct visual... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 2, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Aleisha M. Moore, Lique M. Coolen, Michael N. Lehman Tags: Neuroscience Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Domoic acid biosynthesis in the red alga Chondria armata suggests a complex evolutionary history for toxin production [Environmental Sciences]
Domoic acid (DA), the causative agent of amnesic shellfish poisoning, is produced by select organisms within two distantly related algal clades: planktonic diatoms and red macroalgae. The biosynthetic pathway to isodomoic acid A was recently solved in the harmful algal bloom–forming diatom Pseudonitzschia multiseries, establishing the genetic basis for the... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 2, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Taylor S. Steele, John K. Brunson, Yukari Maeno, Ryuta Terada, Andrew E. Allen, Mari Yotsu-Yamashita, Jonathan R. Chekan, Bradley S. Moore Tags: Environmental Sciences Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Shape multistability in flexible tubular crystals through interactions of mobile dislocations [Physics]
We study avenues to shape multistability and shape morphing in flexible crystalline membranes of cylindrical topology, enabled by glide mobility of dislocations. Using computational modeling, we obtain states of mechanical equilibrium presenting a wide variety of tubular crystal deformation geometries, due to an interplay of effective defect interactions with out-of-tangent-plane... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 2, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Andrei Zakharov, Daniel A. Beller Tags: Physics Physical Sciences Source Type: research

DNA-encoded library versus RNA-encoded library selection enables design of an oncogenic noncoding RNA inhibitor [Applied Physical Sciences]
Nature evolves molecular interaction networks through persistent perturbation and selection, in stark contrast to drug discovery, which evaluates candidates one at a time by screening. Here, nature’s highly parallel ligand-target search paradigm is recapitulated in a screen of a DNA-encoded library (DEL; 73,728 ligands) against a library of RNA structures... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 2, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Raphael I. Benhamou, Blessy M. Suresh, Yuquan Tong, Wesley G. Cochrane, Valerie Cavett, Simon Vezina-Dawod, Daniel Abegg, Jessica L. Childs-Disney, Alexander Adibekian, Brian M. Paegel, Matthew D. Disney Tags: Applied Physical Sciences, Biochemistry Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Noninvasive inference methods for interaction and noise intensities of coupled oscillators using only spike time data [Applied Mathematics]
Measurements of interaction intensity are generally achieved by observing responses to perturbations. In biological and chemical systems, external stimuli tend to deteriorate their inherent nature, and thus, it is necessary to develop noninvasive inference methods. In this paper, we propose theoretical methods to infer coupling strength and noise intensity simultaneously... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 2, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Fumito Mori, Hiroshi Kori Tags: Applied Mathematics Physical Sciences Source Type: research

Mice expressing fluorescent PAR2 reveal that endocytosis mediates colonic inflammation and pain [Pharmacology]
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate many pathophysiological processes and are major therapeutic targets. The impact of disease on the subcellular distribution and function of GPCRs is poorly understood. We investigated trafficking and signaling of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in colitis. To localize PAR2 and assess redistribution during disease, we generated... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 2, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Rocco Latorre, Alan Hegron, Chloe J. Peach, Shavonne Teng, Raquel Tonello, Jeffri S. Retamal, Rafael Klein-Cloud, Diana Bok, Dane D. Jensen, Lena Gottesman-Katz, Jeanette Rientjes, Nicholas A. Veldhuis, Daniel P. Poole, Brian L. Schmidt, Charalabos H. Pot Tags: Pharmacology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

A protease-mediated switch regulates the growth of magnetosome organelles in Magnetospirillum magneticum [Microbiology]
Magnetosomes are lipid-bound organelles that direct the biomineralization of magnetic nanoparticles in magnetotactic bacteria. Magnetosome membranes are not uniform in size and can grow in a biomineralization-dependent manner. However, the underlying mechanisms of magnetosome membrane growth regulation remain unclear. Using cryoelectron tomography, we systematically examined mutants with defects at various... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 2, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Juan Wan, Patrick J. Browne, David M. Hershey, Elizabeth Montabana, Anthony T. Iavarone, Kenneth H. Downing, Arash Komeili Tags: Microbiology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Tracing the cis-regulatory changes underlying the endometrial control of placental invasion [Evolution]
Among eutherian (placental) mammals, placental embedding into the maternal endometrium exhibits great differences, from being deeply invasive (e.g., humans) to noninvasive (e.g., cattle). The degree of invasion of placental trophoblasts is positively correlated with the rate of cancer malignancy. Previously, we have shown that fibroblasts from different species offer different... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 2, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Yasir Suhail, Jamie D. Maziarz, Ashkan Novin, Anasuya Dighe, Junaid Afzal, Gunter Wagner, Kshitiz Tags: Evolution Biological Sciences Source Type: research