Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Dark-field computed tomography reaches the human scale [Medical Sciences]
X-ray computed tomography (CT) is one of the most commonly used three-dimensional medical imaging modalities today. It has been refined over several decades, with the most recent innovations including dual-energy and spectral photon-counting technologies. Nevertheless, it has been discovered that wave-optical contrast mechanisms—beyond the presently used X-ray attenuation—offer the potential... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 7, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Manuel Viermetz, Nikolai Gustschin, Clemens Schmid, Jakob Haeusele, Maximilian von Teuffenbach, Pascal Meyer, Frank Bergner, Tobias Lasser, Roland Proksa, Thomas Koehler, Franz Pfeiffer Tags: Applied Physical Sciences, Medical Sciences Source Type: research

Testing fractional doses of COVID-19 vaccines [Medical Sciences]
Due to the enormous economic, health, and social costs of the COVID-19 pandemic, there are high expected social returns to investing in parallel in multiple approaches to accelerating vaccination. We argue there are high expected social returns to investigating the scope for lowering the dosage of some COVID-19 vaccines. While... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 7, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Witold Więcek, Amrita Ahuȷa, Esha Chaudhuri, Michael Kremer, Alexandre Simoes Gomes, Christopher M. Snyder, Alex Tabarrok, Brandon Joel Tan Tags: Economic Sciences, Medical Sciences, Coronavirus (COVID-19) Social Sciences Source Type: research

Differential interferon-{alpha} subtype induced immune signatures are associated with suppression of SARS-CoV-2 infection [Immunology and Inflammation]
Type I interferons (IFN-I) exert pleiotropic biological effects during viral infections, balancing virus control versus immune-mediated pathologies, and have been successfully employed for the treatment of viral diseases. Humans express 12 IFN-alpha (α) subtypes, which activate downstream signaling cascades and result in distinct patterns of immune responses and differential antiviral... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 7, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Jonas Schuhenn, Toni Luise Meister, Daniel Todt, Thilo Bracht, Karin Schork, Jean-Noel Billaud, Carina Elsner, Natalie Heinen, Zehra Karakoese, Sibylle Haid, Sriram Kumar, Linda Brunotte, Martin Eisenacher, Yunyun Di, Jocelyne Lew, Darryl Falzarano, Jieli Tags: Immunology and Inflammation, Coronavirus (COVID-19) Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Recently constructed hydropower dams were associated with reduced economic production, population, and greenness in nearby areas [Sustainability Science]
Hydropower dams produce huge impacts on renewable energy production, water resources, and economic development, particularly in the Global South, where accelerated dam construction has made it a global hotspot. We do not fully understand the multiple impacts that dams have in the nearby areas from a global perspective, including the... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 7, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Peilei Fan, Myung Sik Cho, Zihan Lin, Zutao Ouyang, Jiaguo Qi, Jiquan Chen, Emilio F. Moran Tags: Sustainability Science Social Sciences Source Type: research

Ancient DNA at the edge of the world: Continental immigration and the persistence of Neolithic male lineages in Bronze Age Orkney [Anthropology]
Orkney was a major cultural center during the Neolithic, 3800 to 2500 BC. Farming flourished, permanent stone settlements and chambered tombs were constructed, and long-range contacts were sustained. From ∼3200 BC, the number, density, and extravagance of settlements increased, and new ceremonial monuments and ceramic styles, possibly originating in Orkney,... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 7, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Katharina Dulias, M. George B. Foody, Pierre Justeau, Marina Silva, Rui Martiniano, Gonzalo Oteo–Garcia, Alessandro Fichera, Simao Rodrigues, Francesca Gandini, Alison Meynert, Kevin Donnelly, Timothy J. Aitman, The Scottish Genomes Partnership, An Tags: Anthropology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Editorial Expression of Concern: Cell engineering with microfluidic squeezing preserves functionality of primary immune cells in vivo [Medical Sciences]
MEDICAL SCIENCES PNAS is publishing an Editorial Expression of Concern regarding the following article: “Cell engineering with microfluidic squeezing preserves functionality of primary immune cells in vivo,” by Tia DiTommaso, Julie M. Cole, Luke Cassereau, Joshua A. Buggé, Jacquelyn L. Sikora Hanson, Devin T. Bridgen, Brittany D. Stokes, Scott M.... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 4, 2022 Category: Science Tags: Medical Sciences Editorial Expression of Concern Source Type: research

IKK{alpha}-deficient lung adenocarcinomas generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment by overproducing Treg-inducing cytokines [Immunology and Inflammation]
The tumor microenvironment (TME) provides potential targets for cancer therapy. However, how signals originating in cancer cells affect tumor-directed immunity is largely unknown. Deletions in the CHUK locus, coding for IκB kinase α (IKKα), correlate with reduced lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) patient survival and promote KrasG12D-initiated ADC development in mice, but... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 4, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Na-Young Song, Xin Li, Buyong Ma, Jami Willette-Brown, Feng Zhu, Chengfei Jiang, Ling Su, Jyoti Shetty, Yongmei Zhao, Gongping Shi, Sayantan Banerjee, Xiaolin Wu, Bao Tran, Ruth Nussinov, Michael Karin, Yinling Hu Tags: Immunology and Inflammation Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Toward a theory of evolution as multilevel learning [Evolution]
We apply the theory of learning to physically renormalizable systems in an attempt to outline a theory of biological evolution, including the origin of life, as multilevel learning. We formulate seven fundamental principles of evolution that appear to be necessary and sufficient to render a universe observable and show that... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 4, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Vitaly Vanchurin, Yuri I. Wolf, Mikhail I. Katsnelson, Eugene V. Koonin Tags: Evolution Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Topographically organized representation of space and context in the medial prefrontal cortex [Neuroscience]
Spatial tuning of neocortical pyramidal cells has been observed in diverse cortical regions and is thought to rely primarily on input from the hippocampal formation. Despite the well-studied hippocampal place code, many properties of the neocortical spatial tuning system are still insufficiently understood. In particular, it has remained unclear how... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 4, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Jonas-Frederic Sauer, Shani Folschweiller, Marlene Bartos Tags: Neuroscience Biological Sciences Source Type: research

HYL1-CLEAVAGE SUBTILASE 1 (HCS1) suppresses miRNA biogenesis in response to light-to-dark transition [Plant Biology]
The core plant microprocessor consists of DICER-LIKE 1 (DCL1), SERRATE (SE), and HYPONASTIC LEAVES 1 (HYL1) and plays a pivotal role in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. However, the proteolytic regulation of each component remains elusive. Here, we show that HYL1-CLEAVAGE SUBTILASE 1 (HCS1) is a cytoplasmic protease for HYL1-destabilization. HCS1-excessiveness reduces... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 4, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Hyun Ju Jung, Suk Won Choi, Kyung–Hwan Boo, Jee–Eun Kim, Young Kyoung Oh, Min Kyun Han, Moon Young Ryu, Chang Woo Lee, Christian Moller, Pratik Shah, Gu Min Kim, Woorim Yang, Seok Keun Cho, Seong Wook Yang Tags: Plant Biology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Transmission potential of human schistosomes can be driven by resource competition among snail intermediate hosts [Ecology]
Predicting and disrupting transmission of human parasites from wildlife hosts or vectors remains challenging because ecological interactions can influence their epidemiological traits. Human schistosomes, parasitic flatworms that cycle between freshwater snails and humans, typify this challenge. Human exposure risk, given water contact, is driven by the production of free-living cercariae... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 4, 2022 Category: Science Authors: David J. Civitello, Teckla Angelo, Karena H. Nguyen, Rachel B. Hartman, Naima C. Starkloff, Moses P. Mahalila, Jenitha Charles, Andres Manrique, Bryan K. Delius, L. M. Bradley, Roger M. Nisbet, Safari Kinung’hi, Jason R. Rohr Tags: Ecology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

A noncanonical cytochrome c stimulates calcium binding by PilY1 for type IVa pili formation [Microbiology]
Type IVa pili (T4aP) are versatile bacterial cell surface structures that undergo extension/adhesion/retraction cycles powered by the cell envelope–spanning T4aP machine. In this machine, a complex composed of four minor pilins and PilY1 primes T4aP extension and is also present at the pilus tip mediating adhesion. Similar to many several... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 4, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Marco Herfurth, Anke Treuner–Lange, Timo Glatter, Nadine Wittmaack, Egbert Hoiczyk, Antonio J. Pierik, Lotte Sogaard–Andersen Tags: Microbiology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Cryo-ET of Toxoplasma parasites gives subnanometer insight into tubulin-based structures [Cell Biology]
Tubulin is a conserved protein that polymerizes into different forms of filamentous structures in Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite in the phylum Apicomplexa. Two key tubulin-containing cytoskeletal components are subpellicular microtubules (SPMTs) and conoid fibrils (CFs). The SPMTs help maintain shape and gliding motility, while the CFs are implicated... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 4, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Stella Y. Sun, Li-av Segev-Zarko, Muyuan Chen, Grigore D. Pintilie, Michael F. Schmid, Steven J. Ludtke, John C. Boothroyd, Wah Chiu Tags: Cell Biology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

MRP5 and MRP9 play a concerted role in male reproduction and mitochondrial function [Genetics]
Multidrug Resistance Proteins (MRPs) are transporters that play critical roles in cancer even though the physiological substrates of these enigmatic transporters are poorly elucidated. In Caenorhabditis elegans, MRP5/ABCC5 is an essential heme exporter because mrp-5 mutants are unviable due to their inability to export heme from the intestine to extraintestinal... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 4, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Ian G. Chambers, Praveen Kumar, Jens Lichtenberg, Pengcheng Wang, Jianshi Yu, John D. Phillips, Maureen A. Kane, David Bodine, Iqbal Hamza Tags: Genetics Biological Sciences Source Type: research

iASPP suppresses Gp78-mediated TMCO1 degradation to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis and control tumor growth and drug resistance [Cell Biology]
Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential event in the modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, which is coordinated by multiple biological processes, ranging from cell proliferation to apoptosis. Deregulated Ca2+ homeostasis is linked with various cancer hallmarks; thus, uncovering the mechanisms underlying Ca2+ homeostasis dynamics may lead to... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 4, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Shanliang Zheng, Dong Zhao, Guixue Hou, Song Zhao, Wenxin Zhang, Xingwen Wang, Li Li, Liang Lin, Tie-Shan Tang, Ying Hu Tags: Cell Biology Biological Sciences Source Type: research