Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Affinity maturation for an optimal balance between long-term immune coverage and short-term resource constraints [Immunology and Inflammation]
In order to target threatening pathogens, the adaptive immune system performs a continuous reorganization of its lymphocyte repertoire. Following an immune challenge, the B cell repertoire can evolve cells of increased specificity for the encountered strain. This process of affinity maturation generates a memory pool whose diversity and size remain... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 17, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Victor Chardes, Massimo Vergassola, Aleksandra M. Walczak, Thierry Mora Tags: Immunology and Inflammation, Physics Physical Sciences Source Type: research

Targeting ectromelia virus and TNF/NF-{kappa}B or STAT3 signaling for effective treatment of viral pneumonia [Microbiology]
Viral causes of pneumonia pose constant threats to global public health, but there are no specific treatments currently available for the condition. Antivirals are ineffective when administered late after the onset of symptoms. Pneumonia is caused by an exaggerated inflammatory cytokine response to infection, but tissue necrosis and damage caused... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 17, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Pratikshya Pandey, Zahrah Al Rumaih, Ma. Junaliah Tuazon Kels, Esther Ng, Rajendra Kc, Geeta Chaudhri, Gunasegaran Karupiah Tags: Microbiology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Annealing synchronizes the 70S ribosome into a minimum-energy conformation [Biophysics and Computational Biology]
Researchers commonly anneal metals, alloys, and semiconductors to repair defects and improve microstructures via recrystallization. Theoretical studies indicate that simulated annealing on biological macromolecules helps predict the final structures with minimum free energy. Experimental validation of this homogenizing effect and further exploration of its applications are fascinating scientific questions that... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 17, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Xiaofeng Chu, Xin Su, Mingdong Liu, Li Li, Tianhao Li, Yicheng Qin, Guoliang Lu, Lei Qi, Yunhui Liu, Jinzhong Lin, Qing-Tao Shen Tags: Biophysics and Computational Biology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Strong influenza-induced TFH generation requires CD4 effectors to recognize antigen locally and receive signals from continuing infection [Immunology and Inflammation]
While influenza infection induces robust, long-lasting, antibody responses and protection, including the T follicular helper cells (TFH) required to drive B cell germinal center (GC) responses, most influenza vaccines do not. We investigated the mechanisms that drive strong TFH responses during infection. Infection induces viral replication and antigen (Ag) presentation... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 17, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Priyadharshini Devarajan, Allen M. Vong, Catherine H. Castonguay, Olivia Kugler-Umana, Bianca L. Bautista, Michael C. Jones, Karen A. Kelly, Jingya Xia, Susan L. Swain Tags: Immunology and Inflammation Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Molecular basis of force-pCa relation in MYL2 cardiomyopathy mice: Role of the super-relaxed state of myosin [Genetics]
In this study, we investigated the role of the super-relaxed (SRX) state of myosin in the structure–function relationship of sarcomeres in the hearts of mouse models of cardiomyopathy-bearing mutations in the human ventricular regulatory light chain (RLC, MYL2 gene). Skinned papillary muscles from hypertrophic (HCM–D166V) and dilated (DCM–D94A) cardiomyopathy models... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 17, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Chen-Ching Yuan, Katarzyna Kazmierczak, Jingsheng Liang, Weikang Ma, Thomas C. Irving, Danuta Szczesna-Cordary Tags: Genetics Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Science and Culture: Artists ȷoin paleobotanists to bring ancient plants to life—and pique viewer interest [Sustainability Science]
No one has ever seen a living Czekanowskia, an extinct gymnosperm that grew in forests across the Northern Hemisphere from around 210 through 100 million years ago. So before attempting to paint a picture of this ancient plant, Marlene Hill Donnelly built her own. Donnelly, a paleoartist at the Field... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 16, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Carolyn Beans Tags: Science and Culture, Plant Biology, Sustainability Science Source Type: research

Discovery of ultrafast myosin, its amino acid sequence, and structural features [Cell Biology]
Cytoplasmic streaming with extremely high velocity (∼70 μm s−1) occurs in cells of the characean algae (Chara). Because cytoplasmic streaming is caused by myosin XI, it has been suggested that a myosin XI with a velocity of 70 μm s−1, the fastest myosin measured so far, exists in Chara cells.... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 16, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Takeshi Haraguchi, Masanori Tamanaha, Kano Suzuki, Kohei Yoshimura, Takuma Imi, Motoki Tominaga, Hidetoshi Sakayama, Tomoaki Nishiyama, Takeshi Murata, Kohji Ito Tags: Cell Biology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

A high-throughput technique to map cell images to cell positions using a 3D imaging flow cytometer [Applied Biological Sciences]
We develop a high-throughput technique to relate positions of individual cells to their three-dimensional (3D) imaging features with single-cell resolution. The technique is particularly suitable for nonadherent cells where existing spatial biology methodologies relating cell properties to their positions in a solid tissue do not apply. Our design consists of... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 16, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Zunming Zhang, Rui Tang, Xinyu Chen, Lauren Waller, Alston Kau, Anthony A. Fung, Bien Gutierrez, Cheolhong An, Sung Hwan Cho, Lingyan Shi, Yu-Hwa Lo Tags: Applied Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Alkalosis-induced hypoventilation in cystic fibrosis: The importance of efficient renal adaptation [Physiology]
The lungs and kidneys are pivotal organs in the regulation of body acid–base homeostasis. In cystic fibrosis (CF), the impaired renal ability to excrete an excess amount of HCO3− into the urine leads to metabolic alkalosis [P. Berg et al., J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 31, 1711–1727 (2020); F. Al-Ghimlas, M.... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 16, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Peder Berg, Jesper Frank Andersen, Mads Vaarby Sorensen, Tobias Wang, Hans Malte, Jens Leipziger Tags: Physiology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Lung-selective mRNA delivery of synthetic lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis [Chemistry]
Safe and efficacious systemic delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA) to specific organs and cells in vivo remains the major challenge in the development of mRNA-based therapeutics. Targeting of systemically administered lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) coformulated with mRNA has largely been confined to the liver and spleen. Using a library screening approach,... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 16, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Min Qiu, Yan Tang, Jinjin Chen, Rachel Muriph, Zhongfeng Ye, Changfeng Huang, Jason Evans, Elizabeth P. Henske, Qiaobing Xu Tags: Applied Biological Sciences, Chemistry Source Type: research

Beneficial effects of citrulline enteral administration on sepsis-induced T cell mitochondrial dysfunction [Immunology and Inflammation]
Severe sepsis induces a sustained immune dysfunction associated with poor clinical behavior. In particular, lymphopenia along with increased lymphocyte apoptosis and decreased lymphocyte proliferation, enhanced circulating regulatory T cells (Treg), and the emergence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have all been associated with persistent organ dysfunction, secondary infections, and late... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 16, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Florian Reizine, Murielle Gregoire, Mathieu Lesouhaitier, Valentin Coirier, Juliette Gauthier, Celine Delaloy, Elise Dessauge, Florent Creusat, Fabrice Uhel, Arnaud Gacouin, Frederic Dessauge, Cecile Le Naoures, Caroline Moreau, Claude Bendavid, Yoann Dan Tags: Immunology and Inflammation Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA repair helicase UvrD1 is activated by redox-dependent dimerization via a 2B domain cysteine [Biochemistry]
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes tuberculosis and, during infection, is exposed to reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen intermediates from the host immune response that can cause DNA damage. UvrD-like proteins are involved in DNA repair and replication and belong to the SF1 family of DNA helicases that use ATP hydrolysis... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 16, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Ankita Chadda, Drake Jensen, Eric J. Tomko, Ana Ruiz Manzano, Binh Nguyen, Timothy M. Lohman, Eric A. Galburt Tags: Biochemistry Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Kinesin-14 motors participate in a force balance at microtubule plus-ends to regulate dynamic instability [Biophysics and Computational Biology]
Kinesin-14 molecular motors represent an essential class of proteins that bind microtubules and walk toward their minus-ends. Previous studies have described important roles for Kinesin-14 motors at microtubule minus-ends, but their role in regulating plus-end dynamics remains controversial. Kinesin-14 motors have been shown to bind the EB family of microtubule... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 16, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Allison Ogren, Sneha Parmar, Soumya Mukherjee, Samuel J. Gonzalez, Melissa Plooster, Mark McClellan, Anirudh G. Mannava, Elliott Davidson, Trisha N. Davis, Melissa K. Gardner Tags: Biophysics and Computational Biology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Trafficking-defective mutant PROKR2 cycles between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi to attenuate endoplasmic reticulum stress [Cell Biology]
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) play crucial roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Mutations in GPCRs that result in loss of function or alterations in signaling can lead to inherited or acquired diseases. Herein, studying prokineticin receptor 2 (PROKR2), we initially identify distinct interactomes for wild-type (WT) versus a mutant... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 16, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Yong Bhum Song, Seung-Yeol Park, Kunyou Park, Hayoung Hwang, Rona S. Carroll, Victor W. Hsu, Ursula B. Kaiser Tags: Cell Biology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Intragenic suppressors unravel the role of the SCREAM ACT-like domain for bHLH partner selectivity in stomatal development [Plant Biology]
Multicellular organisms develop specialized cell types to achieve complex functions of tissues and organs. The basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) proteins act as master regulatory transcription factors of such specialized cell types. Plant stomata are cellular valves in the aerial epidermis for efficient gas exchange and water control. Stomatal differentiation is governed... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 16, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Hyemin Seo, Krishna Mohan Sepuru, Aarthi Putarjunan, Lyndsey Aguirre, Benjamin A. Burrows, Keiko U. Torii Tags: Plant Biology Biological Sciences Source Type: research